1,721,044 research outputs found
Anwendung molekularer Typisierungsmethoden zur Analyse von Antibiotikaresistenz und geographischer Populationsstruktur des Bakteriums Helicobacter pylori
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Exploiting real-time genomic surveillance data to assess 4CMenB meningococcal vaccine performance in Scotland, 2015 to 2022
Full text linkThe United Kingdom implemented the first national infant immunization schedule for the meningococcal vaccine 4CMenB (Bexsero) in September 2015, targeting serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Bexsero contains four variable subcapsular proteins, and postimplementation IMD surveillance was necessary, as nonhomologous protein variants can evade Bexsero-elicited protection. We investigated postimplementation IMD cases reported in Scotland from 1 September 2015 to 30 June 2022. Patient demographics and vaccination status were combined with genotypic data from the causative meningococci, which were used to assess vaccine coverage with the meningococcal deduced vaccine antigen reactivity (MenDeVAR) index. Eighty-two serogroup B IMD cases occurred in children >5 years of age, 48 (58.5%) of which were in unvaccinated children and 34 (41%) of which were in children who had received ≥1 Bexsero dose. Fifteen of the 34 vaccinated children had received one dose, 17 had received two doses, and two had received three doses. For 39 cases, meningococcal sequence data were available, enabling MenDeVAR index deductions of vaccine-preventable (M-VP) and non-vaccine-preventable (M-NVP) meningococci. Notably, none of the 19 of the children immunized ≥2 times had IMD caused by M-VP meningococci, with 2 cases of NVP meningococci, and no deduction possible for 17. Among the 15 children partially vaccinated according to schedule (1 dose), 7 were infected by M-VP meningococci and 2 with M-NVP meningococci, with 6 for which deductions were not possible. Of the unvaccinated children with IMD, 40/48 were ineligible for vaccination and 20/48 had IMD caused by M-VP meningococci, with deductions not being possible for 14 meningococci
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Charakterisierung der metabolisch-aktiven bakteriellen Gemeinschaften von verschiedenen Regionen des gastrointestinalen Trakts bei gesunden Menschen
Full text linkDer aktuelle Wissensstand über das menschliche gastrointestinale Mikrobiom basiert hauptsächlich auf die Analyse von Stuhlproben. Die intraindividuelle Zusammensetzung der Bakteriengemeinschaften in verschiedenen Regionen des GI-Trakts wurde bisher noch nicht untersucht. Unsere Studie war die erste, die untersucht hat, wie sich verschiedene mikrobielle Gemeinschaften entlang des gesamten Magen-Darm-Trakts derselben Individuen entwickeln. Primäres Ziel der Arbeit war es, die transkriptionell aktiven Bakterien an 8 verschiedenen Stellen des GI-Trakts (Speichel aus der Mundhöhle, Corpus und Antrum aus Magen, Duodenum, terminalem Ileum, Colon ascendens, Colon descendens und Faeces) von gesunden Probanden zu charakterisieren. Es wurde eine systematische Methodik zur Analyse der mikrobiellen Zusammensetzung auf allen phylogenetischen Ebenen verwendet, basierend auf Hochdurchsatz- Sequenzierungsmethoden und 16S-rRNA-Profilen. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Informationen über die Zusammensetzung des gastrointestinalen Mikrobioms in Abhängigkeit davon, ob eine H. pylori-Infektion vorhanden ist oder nicht. Schlüsselentdeckungen aus unserer Analyse sind, a) dass der der GI-Trakt in vier verschiedene Regionen unterteilt werden kann bezugnehmend auf die Struktur der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften (Mundhöhle, oberer GI-Trakt, unterer GI-Trakt, Faeces), b) dass bestimmte aktive Bakterien auf gewisse Regionen beschränkt sind und nur in bestimmten Nischen zu finden sind, c) dass das fäkale Mikrobiom die globale mikrobielle Struktur im gesamten GI-Trakt nicht komplett widerspiegelt. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse über die Zusammensetzung der Darmmikrobiota an verschiedenen anatomischen Stellen bei gesunden Menschen stellen eine solide Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen zur funktionellen Rolle der Mikroben für die Gesundheit und die Erkrankungen dar
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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