1,720,958 research outputs found
Political Ecology of Protected Area Governance and Livelihood Concerns vis-à-vis Bengal Tiger Conservation in Bangladesh’s Sundarban Mangroves
No full textThis qualitative political ecology case study analyzes how formal and informal power dynamics shape trade-offs and synergies between protected area conservation politics and local livelihood governance in Bangladesh’s Sundarban mangrove region. Firstly, it explores how discursive framings and policy measures surrounding the narrative constructions of flagship species Bengal tigers create hegemonic rationalities and undermine local social-cultural-historical framings and alternative imaginaries. Secondly, the empirical insights illustrate how unchecked state power and authority can exploit local mangrove dwellers, meddle with rural power dynamics and informal actors in the region, and create a culture of localized corruption and shadow economy in a world of parallel de facto governance. Thirdly, it argues that the protected area governance has resulted in privileged access for rural political-economic actors, rent-creation and extra-legal management opportunities for the local-level state-agency with ever-rising harvesting restrictions, fatalities and pricing competitions for already marginalized forest dwellers. Fourthly, this study reviews Bangladesh’s climate-carbon approach (national REDD+ strategy) as a techno-bureaucratic neoliberal process emerging under strong donor support with implications for carbon co-benefits, social safeguards and co-management in the Sundarban. In summary, this study critiques the intentions and efficacy of the regional protected area model’s multi-layered harvesting bans, stricter enforcement, sanctions, regulatory approach and (under)reporting practices of tiger fatalities as dominant technologies of mangrove governance that create new environmental subjects in a legal-illegal dichotomy. The study concludes with concerns that the protected area framework has become counterproductive in the Sundarban mangroves. Local livelihood governance is plagued by disenfranchisement of mangrove dwellers, their resource access and customary rights, based on extended exploitation built from colonial legacy, fortress-style forest governance and top-down environmental politics of tiger-centric regulations vis-à-vis contrasting de facto material practices on the ground. Highlighting these inherent design flaws in Sundarban’s resource governance, this study recommends a radical shift in discursive and material practices to dismantle the structural inequity and hierarchical power relations and move from band-aid solutions to a system change from within and across the governance to address systemic corruption, historical injustice, multi-faceted livelihood insecurity and conservation challenges in the Sundarban and beyond
Forest resource governance and the devolution of power through co-management approach: policy vs practice : a case study in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh
Get PDFIn recent years co-management has been widely used as a strategy to address the challenges related to protected area governance, and devolution of power, management responsibility and empowerment of actors are recognized as central to this approach. This study examines the extent to which present co-management arrangements in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (RKWS), Bangladesh has achieved devolution of power, responsibility and resource use rights and what are the prevailing gaps between policy and practice. Lockwood’s good governance principles and Agrawal and Ribot’s power decentralization framework were adopted to analyse the governance reform process and present mechanism of power sharing at study site. Our findings reveals that, co-management program has been helpful in advancing forest conservation goals, reducing corruptions, creating social networks, changing the attitude of stakeholders and minimizing resource related conflicts. But unlike many cases around the world, outcomes of this decentralization process have not been systematically positive with regard to devolution of power and management responsibility from state to local co-management organizations. Additionally, this process is struggling to offer a meaningful reciprocal partnership between state and local community due to unequal power relations and top-down accountability mechanisms. Legislative and executive powers are still withheld by the state and important controls over decision making process were retained by government agencies. There is no proper arrangement regarding the sharing of benefits arising from co-management and this governance reform has failed to have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the local communities. This paper concludes by pointing out that though co-management has showed its potential for solving some of the pressing contemporary forest governance challenges of Bangladesh, it is still operating as like a foster child of government without any legal policy backup and state’s support which has limited the devolution process and its outcomes. It is recommended that, policy interventions, capacity building of local actors, identifying context specific enabling conditions, enhancing downward accountability, and a shift from centralized regulatory frameworks are required for ensuring equitable and democratic power sharing process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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