609 research outputs found
ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں
No full text<p>Foreword (Translated by Eesha Farzeen Khan)</p><p>Introducing the book "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں" is an honor for me. Nasir Razzaq, who is a renowned and celebrated young author and poet. All of his works reflect his insight, sensitivity, and artistry. Razzaq's work is a journey through various emotions experienced in our lives, and his books serve as a reminder that amidst chaos and turmoil, there is always a voice of hope and peace that we can find within ourselves.</p><p>In the landscape of contemporary literature, encountering a body of work that dives deeply into the complexities of the human heart and reflects the numerous complexities of our society is a rare delight. "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں," a remarkable effort by Nasir Razzaq, is a literary gem that offers its readers a unique journey through the depths of human emotions and the challenges presented in our ever-changing world.</p><p>Nasir Razzaq has skillfully woven a tapestry of stories and poetry that not only captivates the reader's imagination but also encourages self-reflection and thoughtful contemplation. Reading Razzaq's writings creates a beautiful scenario where love, loyalty, selfless love, and betrayal—all these subjects—come together. Various voices and expressions complement each other, creating a rich and varied experience that is thought-provoking and deeply moving.</p><p>"ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں" encompasses a wide array of subjects, exploring the complexities of human relationships, the quest for self-discovery, and the societal expectations impacting our lives. Through the author's style of writing, I feel that life is an endless journey where everyone carries their pains and joys with them.</p><p>As soon as you begin the journey through the pages of this book, you will find yourself lost in the realms that Nasir Sahib has masterfully crafted. The author's deep understanding of human conditions and the complexities of our society is evident in every line, every poem, and every philosophy.</p><p>Whether you find peace in the emotional depths of poetry or are motivated to act on the critical issues presented in prose, "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں" is a composition that will stay in your mind long after turning the last page.</p><p>After reading "ٹھہرا دریا بہتی یادیں", I felt that every word and every sentence speaks of love and emotions. It is my desire that everyone reads this book and participates in the intellectual journey of Nasir Sahib.</p><p>With respect,</p><p>Professor S. Sirajuddin Ajmali</p><p>Department of Urdu, Aligarh Muslim University, India</p>
Physical and mechanical properties of membrane polyvinilidene flouride with the addition of silver nitrate
No full textThe membrane is a layer formed from fine fibers that are used as a filter. In the development of membrane material, polymer can be interesting material and great potential as membrane filtration of contaminated water. This study tested the tensile strength and microstructure of membranes made by three variations of the specimens with different mixtures of polyvinilidene fluoride (PVDF) (17.5%, 20%, 22,5%). With an assumed value (% by weight), a membrane was made by using PVDF polymer granules and N,N-Dimethylformamide as solvent and silver nitrate. The use of a nanofiber microfiltration membrane with an innovative electrospinning technique contained in water filtration was the goal of this study, which could be developed by using the electrospinning technique for flat sheet membrane on the application of water filtration. The removal of pathogens was investigated by functioning or not functioning in bacterial cultures and mechanisms presented in wastewater. The use of an electrospun membrane could be used in water filtration determined by the clean water permeability (CWP) examination and its strength. Membrane molded into standardized test specimens and tested with a device called Adhesion Tearring Strength Tester. The results showed an increase in the value of the tensile test of 404.8356 KPa to the composition of 17.5%, 507.3598 KPa for composition of 20% and 603.7218 KPa to a composition of 22.5%. Maximum fluxes encountered in the membrane state might indicate a water permeability (CWP)
Nasir Shehzad as a Preface Writer: ناصر شہزاد بحیثیت دیپاچہ نگار
No full textNasir Shehzad is a notable literary figure of the 20th century. He wrote down many books: “Kon Dais Gyo,” “Pukarti Rahee Bansi, andd "Ban Bas." He not only wrote the prefaces of his own books but also the books of his contemporaries. Nasir Shehzad creates a unique pleasure with his style of narration in the prefaces. The book and the author are introduced by him in a good manner. In these prefaces, a glimpse of his literature, ideas, and personality is also seen. He has written prefaces only on poetry genres. Along with songs, ghazals, and poems in these poetry genres, he has shed light on the tradition and narration of coffee and couplets in the form of a preface. The main purpose of the preface is to make the contents of the book clear in such a way that the person interested in the subject is drawn to read it because it makes the outline of the book clear to the reader, which makes the reader interested in the study. The prefaces of Nasir Shahzad meet this standard to a great extent. In this article, effort is made to analyze his preface writing in detail.
Reference:
1. Ibadat Barelvi, Dr., Compiler, Qadar Abdul Haq (Extended Edition), Lahore: Urdu Center, 1964, p. 862. All Ahmad Surur, Professor, What is criticism, Karachi: Urdu Academy Sindh, Sun Darhad, p. 7.1963. Nasir Shehzad, Bin Bas, p. 7. 364. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, Preface (Lyric Setting of Gita Geet) by Nasir Shahzad, Karachi: Pakistan Writers Guild Sindh,2006, p.:175. Also, p. 2.116. Also, p. 157. Tahir Saeed Haroon, Dr., Megh Malhar, Foreword: Megh Malhar and her First Phuwar by Nasir Shahzad, Lahore: Sang-e-Mail Publi.cations, 700 2, p. 58. Jameel Azimabadi, Doha Sansar, Foreword: Gyan Darpan by Nasir Shahzad Contents: Doha Sansar, Karachi: Rashid Publications,2004, pp. 1-209. Shaukat Hashmi, Hal Dhamaal, Foreword: Nasir Shehzad, Lahore: Al-Hamd Publications, 1995, p. 510. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yaar Da Vihra, Preface: Punjabi Kafi An Additional Case by Nasir Shahzad, Okara:Sound-e-Hadi Sheikho Sharif Institute, 2009, pp. 27-811. Javed Batsh, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, Preface: Musafat-e-Shib-Tab by Nasir Shehzad, Sahiwal: Tamehol Publications, 2002, p. 1612. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yar Da Vehra, p. 2813. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, p. 1614. Jameel Azeemabadi, Doha Sansar, Preface: Gyan Darpan by Nasir Shahzad, including Doha Sansar, p. 2015. Abid Ali Abid, Syed, Style, Lahore: Sangmail Publications, 2001, p. 6016. All Ahmad Suroor, Professor, Visions and Ideas (Prose Style), New Delhi: New Delhi Maktaba Jamia Limited, 1973, p. 4917. Moinuddin Aqeel, Dr., Pakistani Ghazal, Formative Period Attitudes and Trends, Karachi: Abul Kalam Azad Research Institute, 1997, p. 10718. Tahir Saeed Haroon, Dr., Megh Malhar, p. 1219. Nasir Shehzad, Who Des Gayo (Backflap) by Joginder Pal20. Ahmad Umar Sharif, Gita Geet, p. 1621. Javed Batish, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, p. 2022. Afzal Hussain Geelani, Syed, Kafi A Yar Da Vihra, p. 2723. Ibid, p. 2124. Ibid, p. 2525. Javed Batish, Dr., Dreams of Waking Eyes, p. 13.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PUPUK UREA MENGGUNAKAN FILTER KERAMIK
No full textTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang sistem pengolahan limbah cair menggunakan metode filtrasi membran keramik. Filter keramik dibuat dari campuran tanah liat dan abu terbang batu bara dengan komposisi tertentu. Dalam percobaan ini dilengkapi dengan sistem pipa PVC, flowmeter, pengukur tekanan, dan pompa sirkulasi. Limbah cair yang diuji diperoleh dari efluen sekunder dari industri pupuk. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah aliran umpan tingkat, laju aliran, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), pH, kandungan logam berat, dan kandungan amonia menurut Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) kualitas air limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran keramik dapat menurunkan konsentrasi amonia dalam limbah sekunder sampai 96%. Ion logam berat (Fe, Cr, dan Mn) dapat dikurangi menjadi 60.9%, 39.4% dan 38.4% masing-masing. Komposisi terbaik dari membran/filter dicapai pada rasio 77.5% dari tanah liat, 20% fly ash, dan 2,5% dari serbuk besi.</jats:p
Flow structure and heat transfer in an impinging jet CVD reactor:
No full textA detailed experimental study is undertaken to investigate the flow structure and heat transfer in an impinging jet Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) reactor at atmospheric pressure. It is critical to develop models that predict flow patterns in such a reactor to achieve uniform deposition across the substrate. Free convection can negatively affect the gas flow as cold inlet gas impinges on the heated substrate, leading to vortices and disturbances in the normal flow path. This experimental research will be used to understand the buoyancy-induced and momentum-driven flow structure encountered in an impinging jet CVD reactor. Investigations are conducted for various operational parameters such as substrate temperature and inlet velocity. In addition, different reactor geometries with varying inlet length and height between the substrate and inlet are included in the study. Experimental results obtained from the study provide information on the temperature distribution, heat transfer rates, and flow field. Such results validate the operation of the reactor at atmospheric pressure and provide valuable insight into future design of impinging jet CVD reactors.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67)by Nasir Memo
An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis
Get PDFA simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodium and calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and reject streams using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Multiple linear regression of natural logarithmic transformation was used to develop the model based on four main parameters that affect the build-up of solute in a small scale of RO namely applied pressure, permeate flux, membrane resistance, and feed concentration. Experimental data obtained in a small scale RO unit were used to develop the empirical model. The predicted values of theoretical build-up of sodium and calcium on membrane surface were found in agreement with experimental data. The deviation in the prediction of build-up of sodium and calcium were found to be 1.4 to 10.47 % and 1.12 to 4.46%, respectively
Membrane performance and build-up of solute during small scale reverse osmosis operation
No full textReverse Osmosis (RO) is widely accepted as an alternative method to produce freshwater from different feed water sources. This technology competitively substitutes the thermal processes in the near future because of several advantages particularly in energy saving. The success of RO operation will, however, depends largely on the overall membrane performance. Deposit or build-up of solute is one of the main reasons for membrane operation failure. Build-up of solute or deposit which is known as fouling and scaling will decrease the permeate flux and increase the energy consumption in particular after prolonged operation of RO. The thesis presents the experimental results obtained in a small-scale RO system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sodium chloride and calcium carbonate on the membrane performance and subsequent build-up of solute on the membrane surface. The experiments were carried out in a small-scale of RO (2 m3/day capacity) with spiral wound membrane using simulated feed water, secondary effluent, and groundwater samples. The parameters chosen for the experiments are applied pressure (1250-4750 kPa), and concentration of sodium chloride (l00-5000 mg/L) and calcium carbonate (50-100 mg/L).The results from feedwater runs indicated that initial sodium chloride and calcium carbonate in feed water and applied pressure affects the overall membrane performance. However, there is no significant effect on membrane performance for sodium chloride with concentration below 1200 mg/L and applied pressure lower than 2250 kPa. Applied pressure appears to have an impact on build-up of sodium and calcium on the membrane surface for pressures greater than 2750 kPa. For typical small-scale RO system used in this experiment, build-up of calcium will slightly decrease with given pressure caused by the characteristic of membrane that easily removes the divalent ions. The osmotic pressure of solution also strongly affects the permeate flow rate in particular for relatively higher sodium concentration (> 2500 mg/L). As a consequence of higher osmotic pressure, zero permeate flux is achieved when sodium chloride concentration was greater than 5000 mg/L and applied pressure lower than 1750 kPa. Results also indicated that fouling might pose a potential problem in small-scale RO operation. In order to investigate the membrane performance, experiments with secondary effluent samples were also performed. Results indicated that water recovery percentages and permeate flux also linearly increase with applied pressure. However, effectiveness of membrane decreases less than 98% otherwise build-up of solute tends to increase. It is suggested that lower values of the water recovery percentage (WRP) and permeate flux (Jw) are caused by the characteristic of secondary effluent that have high-suspended solids, organic carbon, and minerals. Further, the membrane performance also examined with ground water as feed water sample.Results showed that both water recovery percentage and permeate flux linearly increased with operating pressure. However, intensive pretreatment are required as a result of higher concentration of humic acid and iron in raw feed. Percentages of ion rejection for sodium and calcium are greater than 98 and 99% respectively. The high ion rejections are mainly due to the characteristics of groundwater with low TDS and EC. Sodium and calcium build-up in a small-scale RO system considered appears to be affected by the applied pressure. Build-up of solute in small-scale of RO system has been predicted using the empirical model proposed in this work. Two ions namely sodium and calcium in feed water considered as predominant ions responsible for fouling and scaling on the membrane surface. Four main parameters namely, applied pressure (P), permeate flux (Jw), membrane resistance (Rm), and feed concentration (Cf) are considered which strongly affect the overall membrane performance. The empirical correlations derived from experimental observation among these parameters can be expressed as follows: In Md NaCI = O. 77 In P + 0.67 In Jw + 0.19 In Rm + 0.171n Cf In Md CaCO3= 0.96 In P + 0.75 In Jw + 0.2 In Rm - 0.07 In CfThe empirical models proposed in this thesis may be useful for predicting the buildup of solute on the membrane surfaces. In the present work, an attempt has been made to estimate the energy consumption and unit cost for desalting of different feed water samples in a small-scale RO system. In RO plants, unit cost of water production from feed water is primarily governed by the energy required for pumping raw water. Estimates of specific energy consumption (SEC) for desalting of sodium chloride, combined sodium and calcium carbonate solutions were found to be in the range of 0.79 - 3.21 and 0.81 - 3.22 kwh/m3 respectively. For groundwater and secondary effluent, they are estimated to 0.63 - 1.71 and 0.79 - 2.02 kWh/m3 respectively. Moreover, energy consumption for different feed water samples was used to estimate the unit cost for water production. Estimation of unit costs for combined sodium chloride and calcium carbonate solution, groundwater, and secondary effluent runs are 1.98 - 2.57 and $1.56- 2.66 respectively. In this work, unit cost is still higher due to greater energy consumption .by the pumping system which is required in a small-scale RO operation. Based on the experimental results, it appears that the characteristics of feed water samples affect the membrane performance and their effects must be taken into account in the design of RO units so as to reduce the unit cost for water production.The findings from the present experimental and modelling work are of practical significance in not only providing the knowledge base in the area of desalination but also paves the way for developing tools for the prediction of build-up of solutes on membrane surface in full scale reverse osmosis operations
Trichogramma siddiqi Nasir & Scholler, n. sp.
No full textTrichogramma siddiqi Nasir & Schöller n. sp. (Figs 1 –2, 5– 8) Differential diagnosis. A yellowish brown species with dark brown abdomen, longest seta of flagellum being 3.4 times the basal width of flagellum; IVP narrowly subtriangular, VR is narrow at the base of IVP, VP at the base of IVP, slightly protuberant; the ovipositor is slightly shorter than hind tibia. The new species is Similar to T. chilonis, except as follows: in males of T. chilonis the longest seta of the flagellum is 2.5 times the basal width of flagellum (Nagarkatti & Nagaraja 1979) (vs 3.4 times in T. siddiqi, Fig. 5), IVP of the genital capsule forms a perfect triangle (Fig. 3) (vs IVP narrowly subtriangular, Fig. 1), VR is broader at the base of the IVP and gradually narrows anteriorly (vs VR narrow at base of IVP), and ventral process papilliform to base of IVP (VP positioned at the base of IVP, slightly protuberant). In females of T. chilonis the ovipositor is equal to or slightly longer than the hind tibia (vs ovipositor slightly shorter than hind tibia). Trichogramma siddiqi (Figs 1, 2, 5–8) is also similar to several other species, namely T. poliae Nagaraja (1973) and T. bactrianum Sugonjaev and Sorokina (1976). In males of T. poliae the apodemes of the aedeagus are shorter than the remaining aedeagus and the longest seta of the flagellum is 3 times the maximum width of the flagellum, whereas in males of T. siddiqi the apodemes (Fig. 2) are subequal in length to the remaining aedeagus and the longest seta of flagellum (Fig. 5) is 3.4 times the maximum width of the flagellum. Similarly, males of T. bactrianum can be distinguished from those of T. siddiqi on the basis of the longest seta of the flagellum being only 2 times the maximum width of the flagellum. Type specimens. Holotype (male, SNGC) labeling: / Holotype T. siddiqi sp. n., des. Nasir & Schöller, Pakistan, Punjab, Murree 33 ° 54 ’N 73 ° 23 ’E [white with black frame] / Habitat: Tomato field, ex eggs of: Helicoverpa armigera, Host eggs on: Solanum lycopersicum, Code: ME- 2, Spec. No. SMFH 2529 [white with black frame] /. 5 Paratypes: (1 female, SNGC, 1 male BMNH, 1 male MESC, 1 male NIC, 1 male NMNH) all paratypes with our label: / Paratype Trichogramma siddiqi sp. n. des. Nasir & Schöller, Pakistan, Punjab, Murree (33 ° 54 'N 73 ° 23 'E) [white with black frame] / Habitat: Tomato field, Ex eggs of: Helicoverpa armigera, Host eggs on: Solanum lycopersicum, Code: ME- 2 [white with black frame]/. Description of Holotype. Habitus: Yellowish with brown shading, length 0.51 mm, width across head 0.2 mm. Head: Yellow, flagellum 0.33 mm long (Fig. 5), about twice length of scape, FL/FW = 6.6, FL/HTL = 1.25; flagellar setae slender, elongate, tapered abruptly at apex. Mesosoma: Almost entirely yellow with light brownish shading laterally, fore wing 0.44 mm wide, FWW/ FWL = 0.60, with 18–38 setae between 4 th and 5 th tracks, longest fringe setae 0.04 mm, hind wing with 3 or 4 and 6–13 setae in anterior and posterior tracks, respectively; hind tarsi dark brown. Gaster: Dark brown; genital capsule relatively broad (Figs 1, 7), length 0.43 times width, sides distinctly arcuate at middle, not obviously constricted near level of IVP, abruptly convergent from widest point to base of PM; PM relatively narrow, straight, slightly converging towards apex; AD/GL = 0.23; AW/GW = 0.5; DAL /GL = 0.67; DLA originating from near middle of GC, notched at base with distinctly lobed shoulders which attain or slightly surpass the sides of GC, narrowing posterior to shoulders, forming a short, moderately broad, linguiform posterior extension whose width at level of IVP is subequal to that of aedeagus, its length from apex of DA = 0.04 mm; VS slightly bowed occupying 0.5 of AD; IVP well developed, narrowly subtriangular at base, occupying 0.5 of AD; VR narrow at the base of IVP, occupying 0.6 BD; VP positioned at base of IVP, slightly protuberant, aedeagus length (Fig. 2) subequal to GL, AL/HTL = 0.76; apodemes occupying 0.46 of AL. Female Paratypes: Relatively lighter in colour compared to male; ovipositor (Fig. 8) slightly shorter than length of hind tibia, ratio OL/HTL = 0.85. Biology. Emerged from eggs of Helicoverpa armigera on Solanum lycopersicum found in a small tomato field at an altitude of 2134 m, it can be continuously reared on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Etymology. This species is dedicated to Mr. Muhammad Siddiq (Late), the loving father of the first author who supported him throughout his carreer. Systematic placement. Trichogramma siddiqi belongs to the nominate subgenus and is placed in the exiguum - species section sensu Pinto (1999).Published as part of Nasir, Farooq Muhammad, Büttner, Carmen, Reichmuth, Christoph, Poswal, Ashraf, Hagedorn, Gregor & Schöller, Matthias, 2011, A new species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) closely related to T. chilonis Ishii from Pakistan, pp. 41-48 in Zootaxa 2970 on pages 43-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20337
Understanding the Rohingya crisis
Get PDFFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Dr. Nasir Uddin , Asia Studies Visiting Fellow at the East-West Center in Washington, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Chittagong, and author of “The Rohingya: An Ethnography of Subhuman Life,” explains that Bangladesh now hosts 1.3 million Rohingya refugees in Ukhia and Teknaf, the largest refugee camp in the world" and how "[r]ecent events have made the Rohingyas’ future in Myanmar a more complex proposition.
Multiple inverse-diffusion flame synthesis of carbon nanomaterials
No full textCarbon nanomaterials exhibit many remarkable electrical and physical properties. An ongoing challenge associated with specific novel carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, is the development of large-scale production methods at low cost. The broad objective of this work is to investigate flame synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, specifically graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), using open-atmosphere processing, with an eye towards scalability. An experimental study using a novel setup, based on multiple inverse-diffusion flames is undertaken to investigate the direct flame-synthesis of CNTs and graphene on metal substrates. Few-layer graphene (FLG) is grown on copper and nickel substrates at high rates using the novel flame-synthesis burner. Substrate material (i.e. copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and copper-nickel alloy), along with its temperature and hydrogen pretreatment, strongly impacts the quality and uniformity of the graphene films. The growth of FLG occurs in the temperature range 750-950°C for copper and 600-850°C for nickel and cobalt. For iron, the growth of graphene is not exclusively observed. CNT growth is observed on a number of substrates. Transitional growth between CNTs and graphene films occurs on nickel and nickel alloys, depending on composition and temperature. For nickel, copper-nickel, nitinol, and Inconel substrates, CNTs grow at 500°C. The transitional growth to few-layer graphene is observed on nickel, copper-nickel and Inconel by changing the substrate temperature to 850°C. The growth of graphene is not observed on nitinol for the examined experimental conditions. The growth of few-layer graphene films and CNTs are also investigated using various metal-oxide spinels as catalysts. The growth of CNTs is examined on NiAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and ZnFe2O4 using counterflow diffusion flame and multiple inverse-diffusion flames, while the growth of graphene is examined on CuFe2O4 using multiple inverse-diffusion flames. Finally, the growth of CNTs and iron oxide is studied on stainless steel. At low temperatures (500oC) the growth of α-Fe2O3 is observed, while at higher temperatures (850oC) the growth of CNTs is observed. Additionally, by following a two-step growth process, where the temperature is changed from 500oC to 850oC, the growth of CNTs and γ-Fe2O3 occurs.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Nasir K. Memo
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