567 research outputs found
Pyridostigmine bromide intoxication in two domestic cats
No full textA one-year-old female neutered cat died soon after presentation with severe signs of a cholinergic crisis. Its sibling was presented soon thereafter, in which cholinergic signs were also readily apparent. The owner, a myasthenia gravis patient, used pyridostigmine bromide tablets, and it was hypothesised that a pyridostigmine bromide intoxication was the cause of this cholinergic crisis. Treatment with 0.1 mg/kg atropine injected intramuscularly soon alleviated most of the cholinergic signs. Additional treatment, which included decontamination with enteral activated charcoal, intravenous fluid therapy, laxation and supportive care, as well as repeat administration of atropine, resulted in resolution of signs after 48 hours. A serum sample collected 30 hours after admission revealed that the total cholinesterase activity was reduced by 44 per cent, compared with a baseline value measured in a sample taken three weeks after the intoxication. This is the first report of human-prescribed pyridostigmine bromide intoxication in domestic cats
Fast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the canine lumbar spinal cord vascular supply: A feasibility study
No full textMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is the noninvasive spinal cord vascular imaging modality of choice in human medicine. The aim of this exploratory, prospective, descriptive study was to assess the feasibility of fast three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA for visualization of spinal vascular structures in the canine lumbar region. Fourteen canine patients weighing > 5 kg were included. The lumbar arteries were consistently visualized (14/14;100%). Spinal arteries, radicular branches, great radicular artery (of Adamkiewicz), ventral spinal artery, and dorsal spinal arteries were not visualized (0/14;0%). The internal vertebral venous plexus was visualized in 11 of 14 (79%) dogs. Overall, the results of this study show that fast 3D CE-MRA of the lumbar region in dogs is feasible. However, the smaller arteries responsible for the spinal cord vascular supply were not visualized in this study
Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung der Konsens papiers der IVETF zur Definition der Epilepsie, ihrer Klassifikation und der Terminologie sowie zur Genetik der Erkrankung bei Rassehunden
No full textDie International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) hat 2015 sieben Veröffentlichungen mit einem Konsensus mit Richtlinien zur Klassifikation und Empfehlungen zu allen Aspekten der Epilepsie bei Hund und Katze in englischer Sprache publiziert (IVETF, 2015a, b). Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Inhalte der Konsenspapiere „IVETF consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals” und „IVETF’s current understanding of idiopathic epilepsy of genetic or suspected genetic origin in purebred dogs” in deutscher Sprache zusammengefasst, um die deutsche Tierärzteschaft über aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Neuerungen auf diesen Gebieten zu informieren. Im ersten Teil des Artikels werden die Notwendigkeit eines neuen Klassifikationssystems und einer einheitlichen Sprachregelung bei Epilepsie erläutert und die Vorschläge der IVETF hierfür vorgestellt. Der zweite Teil enthält eine kurze Zusammenfassung des aktuellen Wissensstandes zum verifizierten oder vermuteten genetischen Ursprung der idiopathischen Epilepsie bei verschiedenen Hunderassen
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of nandrolone laurate in the treatment of dobermanns with subclinical hepatitis
No full textTwenty-one three-year-old dobermanns with subclinical hepatitis were treated with nandrolone laurate or a placebo in a double-blind trial. The dogs were scored clinically before and after four months of treatment and they were evaluated by clinical biochemistry and liver biopsies. After the treatment no significant differences were observed between the two groups in any of the clinical biochemistry values; eight of the 21 dogs had no histological evidence of hepatitis and five other dogs had improved, but there was no significant difference between the responses of the two groups
Incidence of gastric carcinoma in Dutch Tervueren shepherd dogs born between 1991 and 2002
No full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of gastric carcinoma in the Dutch Tervueren shepherd dog population in the last 10 years. To this end, a retrospective study was performed involving several Dutch veterinary pathology laboratories, veterinary specialists in internal medicine, and breeders of the Dutch Society for Belgian Shepherd dogs. Heritability was calculated on the basis of these data. RESULTS: Ninety-two cases were collected. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 9.5 +/- 1.9 years. Of Tervueren dogs born in the period 1991 to 2002, 1.18% was diagnosed with a gastric carcinoma. This percentage is much higher than that reported for the whole dog population. Heritability (h(2)) was 0.09 +/- 0.02; male dogs were predisposed to gastric carcinoma (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Dutch Tervueren shepherd dogs have a higher than average incidence of gastric carcinoma and the disease has a heritable component. Male dogs are predisposed
Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung des Konsens papiers des IVETF "Vorschlag fur die diagnostische Herangehensweise bei Hunden mit Epilepsie"
No full textIn 2015, the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) published the “Consensus Proposal: Diagnostic Approach to Epilepsy in Dogs“, proposing the basis for a standardized method of diagnostic procedures in patients suffering from seizures. The recommended modus operandi comprises two fundamental steps to clarify if the patient is truly suffering from epilepsy and to determine its underlying cause. The authors suggest a tier system of three confidence levels describing the reliability of the diagnosis “idiopathic epilepsy”. The authors of the consensus proposal emphasize that these recommendations will evolve over time with advances in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and molecular genetics of canine epilepsy. In this article, the contents of the consensus proposal are summarized in German language
A genome-wide association study identifies candidate loci associated to syringomyelia secondary to Chiari-like malformation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
No full textBACKGROUND: Syringomyelia (SM) is a common condition affecting brachycephalic toy breed dogs and is characterized by the development of fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord. It is often concurrent with a complex developmental malformation of the skull and craniocervical vertebrae called Chiari-like malformation (CM) characterized by a conformational change and overcrowding of the brain and cervical spinal cord particularly at the craniocervical junction. CM and SM have a polygenic mode of inheritance with variable penetrance. RESULTS: We identified six cranial T1-weighted sagittal MRI measurements that were associated to maximum transverse diameter of the syrinx cavity. Increased syrinx transverse diameter has been correlated previously with increased likelihood of behavioral signs of pain. We next conducted a whole genome association study of these traits in 65 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs (33 controls, 32 with extreme phenotypes). Two loci on CFA22 and CFA26 were found to be significantly associated to two traits associated with a reduced volume and altered orientation of the caudal cranial fossa. Their reconstructed haplotypes defined two associated regions that harbor only two genes: PCDH17 on CFA22 and ZWINT on CFA26. PCDH17 codes for a cell adhesion molecule expressed specifically in the brain and spinal cord. ZWINT plays a role in chromosome segregation and its expression is increased with the onset of neuropathic pain. Targeted genomic sequencing of these regions identified respectively 37 and 339 SNPs with significantly associated P values. Genotyping of tagSNPs selected from these 2 candidate loci in an extended cohort of 461 CKCS (187 unaffected, 274 SM affected) identified 2 SNPs on CFA22 that were significantly associated to SM strengthening the candidacy of this locus in SM development. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 2 loci on CFA22 and CFA26 that contained only 2 genes, PCDH17 and ZWINT, significantly associated to two traits associated with syrinx transverse diameter. The locus on CFA22 was significantly associated to SM secondary to CM in the CKCS dog breed strengthening its candidacy for this disease. This study will provide an entry point for identification of the genetic factors predisposing to this condition and its underlying pathogenic mechanisms
D-Dimer, coagulation parameters and clinical findings as predictors after severe head injury
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Auftreten von Blutgerinnungsstörungen nach schweren Schädel-Hirnverletzungen an einem Kollektiv von 60 Patienten. Das Hauptergebnis spricht dafür, dass bedingt durch unterschiedlich starke Freisetzungen von Gewebsthromboplastin die Blutgerinnungsstörung je nach neurotraumatologischer Verletzungsschwere von einer leichten systemischen Aktivierung bis hin zu einer schweren Verbrauchskoagulopathie reicht. Das Spektrum der pathologisch veränderten Parameter der Blutgerinnung ist daher weit. Für die Parameter D-Dimere (p=0,04), Thrombinzeit (p=0,02) und Fibrinogen (p=0,02) können hier statistisch signifikante Beziehungen zum Outcome gezeigt werden. Die häufigsten Beobachtungen pathologischer Werte (65 %) betreffen die Fibrinspaltprodukte (D-Dimere), deren maximale Serumkonzentration bereits wenige Stunden nach dem Trauma erreicht wird. Die Veränderung des Serumspiegels der D-Dimere ist im Vergleich zu den übrigen Blutgerinnungsparametern deutlich größer (bis 16fach gegenüber der Norm erhöht) und korreliert mit der Verletzungsschwere der Patienten bei Klinikaufnahme (p=0,03). Bei Vergleich der Blutgerinnungsbefunde (D-Dimere, Fibrinogen, Thrombinzeit) mit den Parametern, die beim Neurotrauma eine prognostische Aussagekraft besitzen (GCS, ICP, SEP, CCT), zeigt sich gegenüber den Variablen „ICP“ (p=0,02) und „CCT“ (p=0,03) eine vergleichbare Beziehung zum Behandlungsergebnis (Glasgow Outcome Score). Es besteht jedoch im Gruppenvergleich für die Parameter „SEP“ und „GCS“ jeweils eine engere Korrelation (p=0,0002 bzw. p=0,001) zum Behandlungsresultat als für die Blutgerinnungsbefunde. Dennoch kann die Beurteilung der Blutgerinnungsabweichung zur Erfassung der neurotraumatologischen Situation unter bestimmten Umständen in Einzelfällen sinnvoll sein. Solche Aspekte ergeben sich zum Beispiel bei der Beurteilung intoxizierter oder bereits analgosedierter Patienten, bei denen die genaue und differenzierte klinische Einschätzung (GCS) stark eingeschränkt ist. Zusatzinformationen durch Blutgerinnungsbefunde sind auch in solchen Fällen gegeben, in denen elektrophysiologische und klinische Befunde die traumatische Hirnschädigung nicht anzeigen können, beispielsweise bei Läsionen in den frontalen Hirnregionen. Desgleichen können Blutgerinnungsbefunde auch bei widersprüchlichen Untersuchungsergebnissen oder eingeschränkten diagnostischen Möglichkeiten (Diffus axonales Trauma [DAI], Artefakte in den SEP) Zusatzinformationen liefern. Diese Hypothese wurde durch die vorliegenden Ergebnisse unterstützt, die eine Korrelation der Serumkonzentration der D-Dimere sowohl zu den SEP-Befunden (p=0,005), als auch zu dem initialen GCS und dem besten GCS nach 24 Stunden zeigen (p=0,03 bzw. p=0,004). Voraussetzung für die zutreffende Interpretation der Blutgerinnungsanalytik ist der Ausschluss anderweitiger Blutgerinnungsstörungen -zum Beispiel nach Polytrauma, Schock, Sepsis, Thrombosen, bei Koagulopathien und unter Antikoagulanzientherapie. Nur in diesen Fällen kann die deutliche Erhöhung der Konzentration der D-Dimere im Serum (über 2,0 µg/ml) eine klinisch relevante Traumatisierung des Gehirns anzeigen. Zwar sollte die disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung (DIC) nach einem SHT wegen ihrer Lebensbedrohlichkeit schnell erkannt und behandelt werden, eine Verbesserung der Prognose durch eine spezifische Therapie der DIC belegen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse jedoch nicht. Weitere prospektiv angelegte Studien sollten erfolgen, um den diagnostischen und prognostischen Wert der Blutgerinnungsparameter, ggf. auch anderer serologischer Marker einer zerebralen Traumatisierung genauer bewerten zu können
International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals
No full textDogs with epilepsy are among the commonest neurological patients in veterinary practice and therefore have historically attracted much attention with regard to definitions, clinical approach and management. A number of classification proposals for canine epilepsy have been published during the years reflecting always in parts the current proposals coming from the human epilepsy organisation the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). It has however not been possible to gain agreed consensus, “a common language”, for the classification and terminology used between veterinary and human neurologists and neuroscientists, practitioners, neuropharmacologists and neuropathologists. This has led to an unfortunate situation where different veterinary publications and textbook chapters on epilepsy merely reflect individual author preferences with respect to terminology, which can be confusing to the readers and influence the definition and diagnosis of epilepsy in first line practice and research studies.
In this document the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) discusses current understanding of canine epilepsy and presents our 2015 proposal for terminology and classification of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We propose a classification system which reflects new thoughts from the human ILAE but also roots in former well accepted terminology. We think that this classification system can be used by all stakeholders
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