22,848 research outputs found
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AND ACCELERATED COGNITIVE DECLINE OVER 10 YEARS: THE 3C DIJON MRI STUDY
No full textSYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AND ACCELERATED COGNITIVE DECLINE OVER 10 YEARS: THE 3C DIJON MRI STUDY</p
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Efficient production of foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsids in insect cells following down regulation of 3C protease activity
No full textFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a significant economically and distributed globally pathogen of Artiodactyla. Current vaccines are chemically inactivated whole virus particles that require large-scale virus growth in strict bio-containment with the associated risks of accidental release or incomplete inactivation. Non-infectious empty capsids are structural mimics of authentic particles with no associated risk and constitute an alternate vaccine candidate. Capsids self-assemble from the processed virus structural proteins, VP0, VP3 and VP1, which are released from the structural protein precursor P1-2A by the action of the virus-encoded 3C protease. To date recombinant empty capsid assembly has been limited by poor expression levels, restricting the development of empty capsids as a viable vaccine. Here expression of the FMDV structural protein precursor P1-2A in insect cells is shown to be efficient but linkage of the cognate 3C protease to the C-terminus reduces expression significantly. Inactivation of the 3C enzyme in a P1-2A-3C cassette allows expression and intermediate levels of 3C activity resulted in efficient processing of the P1-2A precursor into the structural proteins which assembled into empty capsids. Expression was independent of the insect host cell background and leads to capsids that are recognised as authentic by a range of anti-FMDV bovine sera suggesting their feasibility as an alternate vaccine
Raman study on residual strains in thin 3C-SiC epitaxial layers grown on Si(001)
No full textRaman scattering measurement has been used to study the residual strains in the thin 3C-SiC/Si(001) epilayers with a variation of film thickness from 0.1 to 1.2 mu m. which were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)growth. Two methods have been exploited to figure our the residual strains and the exact LO bands. The final analyzing results show that residual strains exist in the 3C-SiC epilayers. The average stress is 1.3010 GPa, and the relative change of the lattice constant is 1.36 parts per thousand. Our measurements also show that 3C-SiC phonons are detectable even for the samples with film thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mu m. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved
Alemtuzumab-based induction treatment versus basiliximab-based induction treatment in kidney transplantation (the 3C Study): a randomised trial.
No full textBackground: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) reduce short-term kidney transplant failure, but might contribute to transplant failure in the long-term. The role of alemtuzumab (a potent lymphocyte-depleting antibody) as an induction treatment followed by an early reduction in CNI and mycophenolate exposure and steroid avoidance, after kidney transplantation is uncertain. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab-based induction treatment compared with basiliximab-based induction treatment in patients receiving kidney transplants.
Methods: For this randomised trial, we enrolled patients aged 18 years and older who were scheduled to receive a kidney transplant in the next 24 h from 18 transplant centres in the UK. Using minimised randomisation, we randomly assigned patients (1:1; minimised for age, sex, and immunological risk) to either alemtuzumab-based induction treatment (ie, alemtuzumab followed by low-dose tacrolimus and mycophenolate without steroids) or basiliximab-based induction treatment (basiliximab followed by standard-dose tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisolone). Participants were reviewed at discharge from hospital and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplantation. The primary outcome was biopsy-proven acute rejection at 6 months, analysed by intention to treat. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01120028, and isrctn.org, number ISRCTN88894088.
Findings: Between Oct 4, 2010, and Jan 21, 2013, we randomly assigned 852 participants to treatment: 426 to alemtuzumab-based treatment and 426 to basiliximab-based treatment. Overall, individuals allocated to alemtuzumab-based treatment had a 58% proportional reduction in biopsy-proven acute rejection compared with those allocated to basiliximab-based treatment (31 [7%] patients in the alemtuzumab group vs 68 [16%] patients in the basiliximab group; hazard ratio (HR) 0·42, 95% CI 0·28-0·64; log-rank p<0·0001). We detected no between-group difference in treatment effect on transplant failure during the first 6 months (16 [4%] patients vs 13 [3%] patients; HR 1·23, 0·59-2·55; p=0·58) or serious infection (135 [32%] patients vs 136 [32%] patients; HR 1·02, 0·80-1·29; p=0·88). During the first 6 months after transplantation, 11 (3%) patients given alemtuzumab-based treatment and six (1%) patients given basiliximab-based treatment died (HR 1·79, 95% CI 0·66-4·83; p=0·25).
Interpretation: Compared with standard basiliximab-based treatment, alemtuzumab-based induction therapy followed by reduced CNI and mycophenolate exposure and steroid avoidance reduced the risk of biopsy-proven acute rejection in a broad range of patients receiving a kidney transplant. Long-term follow-up of this trial will assess whether these effects translate into differences in long-term transplant function and survival
Macrocyclic inhibitors of 3C and 3C-like proteases of picornavirus, norovirus, and coronavirus
No full textThe design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of the first macrocyclic inhibitor of 3C and 3C-like proteases of picornavirus, norovirus, and coronavirus are reported. The in vitro inhibitory activity (50% effective concentration) of the macrocyclic inhibitor toward enterovirus 3C protease (CVB3 Nancy strain), and coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and norovirus 3C-like proteases, was determined to be 1.8, 15.5 and 5.1 μM, respectively
White matter lesions as a predictor of depression in the elderly: the 3C-Dijon study.
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence for a link between cerebrovascular disease and depression in the elderly but the mechanisms are still unknown. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between depression and white matter lesions (WML) in a sample of elderly aged 65 years and older. METHODS: Three City (3C)-Dijon is a 4-year follow-up population-based prospective study of 1658 subjects. At baseline, lifetime major depressive episode diagnosis was established using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. At each study wave, severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), and antidepressants intake was recorded. At baseline, lifetime major depression (LMD) was defined as lifetime major depressive episode or antidepressant medication intake. At follow-up, subjects were classified "incident depression" if scoring high at CES-D or antidepressant users. At baseline, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to quantify WML volumes using an automated method of detection. At 4-year follow-up, 1214 subjects had a second MRI. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analysis showed a significantly higher WML volume in subjects with LMD compared with other subjects. Adjusted longitudinal analysis showed that increase in WML load was significantly higher in subjects with baseline LMD (2.1 cm(3) vs. 1.5 cm(3), p = .004). Among subjects free of depression up to baseline (n = 956), the higher the baseline WML volume, the higher the risk of developing depression during follow-up (odds ratio one quartile increase: 1.3; 95% confidence interval: = 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that depression and WML volumes are strongly related. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a vascular depression in the elderly
Effect of 3C-SiC Layer Thickness on Lateral Photovoltaic Effect in 3C-SiC/Si Heterojunction
No full textIn recent years, the lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) with its unique working mechanism has been explored as an indispensable method for position detection applications. A promising platform for developing self-powered position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) is the 3C-SiC/Si heterojunction, taking advantage of its large built-in voltage and capabilities to work in harsh environments. In this work, we further demonstrated the superior performance for position sensing of the 3C-SiC/Si heterojunction by optimizing the diffusion layer thickness. We fabricated 3C-SiC/Si heterojunction devices with different thicknesses and evaluated the position-sensing performance under different lighting conditions. A maximum sensitivity of 603.65 mV/mm was achieved in the device with a 90-nm SiC layer at zero bias. We elaborated the working mechanism by examining the generation and diffusion of charge carriers under nonuniform light illumination. The excellent sensing performance can be attributed to the high resistivity of the diffusion layer and the trapping sites at the heterojunction interface. Our study further establishes the potential of 3C-SiC/Si for optoelectronic sensing and provides useful guidelines for developing ultrasensitive PSD.No Full Tex
CVD growth and properties of boron phosphide on 3C-SiC
No full textCitation: CVD growth and properties of boron phosphide on 3C-SiC, B. Padavala, C.D.Frye, X. Wang, B. Raghothamachar, and J.H. Edgar, Journal of Crystal Growth, volume 449 pp. 15-21 (2016).Improving the crystalline quality of boron phosphide (BP) is essential for realizing its full potential in semiconductor device applications. In this study, 3C-SiC was tested as a substrate for BP epitaxy. BP films were grown on 3C-SiC(100)/Si, 3C-SiC(111)/Si, and 3C-SiC(111)/4H-SiC(0001) substrates in a horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Films were produced with good crystalline orientation and morphological features in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C using a PH3+B2H6+H2 mixture. Rotational twinning was absent in the BP due to the crystal symmetry-matching with 3C-SiC. Confocal 3D Raman imaging of BP films revealed primarily uniform peak shift and peak widths across the scanned area, except at defects on the surface. Synchrotron white beam X-ray topography showed the epitaxial relationship between BP and 3C-SiC was (100)(100)〈011〉〈011〉BP||(100)(100)〈011〉〈011〉3C-SiC and (111)(111)View the MathML source〈112̅〉BP||(111)(111)View the MathML source〈112̅〉3C-SiC. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated residual tensile strain in the films and improved crystalline quality at temperatures below 1200 °C. These results indicated that BP properties could be further enhanced by employing high quality bulk 3C-SiC or 3C-SiC epilayers on 4H-SiC substrates
A quantitative assessment of nanometric machinability of major polytypes of single crystal silicon carbide
No full textThe influence of polymorphism on nanometric machinability of single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) has been investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The simulation results are compared with silicon as a reference material.
Cutting hardness was adopted as a quantifier of the machinability of the polytypes of single crystal SiC. 3C-SiC offered highest cutting resistance (∼2.9 times that of silicon) followed by the 4H-SiC (∼2.8 times that of silicon) whereas 6H-SiC (∼2.1 times that of silicon) showed the least. Despite its high cutting resistance, 4H-SiC showed the minimum sub-surface crystal lattice deformed layer depth, in contrast to 6H-SiC. Further analysis of temperatures in the cutting zone and the percentage tool wear indicated that single point diamond turning (SPDT) of single crystal SiC could be limited to either 6H-SiC or 4H-SiC depending upon quality and cost considerations as these were found to be more responsive and amenable to SPDT compared to single crystal 3C-SiC
The montrachet study
No full textNational audienceSummary The Montrachet Study (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases) is a population‐based derived from the 3C Study performed in Dijon. In 2009–2011, 1153 participants from the 3 Cities Study, aged 75 years or more, had an initial eye examination. Apart from the old age of this population, the main interest is that information on cardiovascular and neurologic diseases and a large comprehensive database (blood samples, genetic testing, cognitive tests, MRI) were available. Our first results showed us that despite the high prevalence of self‐reported eye diseases in this elderly population, visual impairment was low and increased with age. These results can improve our knowledge on the characteristics of ocular data in the elderly as well as the relations between eye and age‐related vascular and neurologic diseases
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