90 research outputs found
Entrevista Stuart McCook
Get PDFO trabalho do historiador canadense Stuart McCook vem se tornando cada vez mais conhecido pelos historiadores ambientais brasileiros. Nascido em Vancouver, na Columbia Britânica, o professor McCook trabalha desde 2003 na University of Guelph, Ontário, Canadá, onde recebe e acompanha um importante número de professores, estudantes e pesquisadores brasileiros e latinoamericanos, auxiliando e orientando em pesquisas de doutorado-sanduíche ou pós-doutorado. Mesmo tendo publicado textos mais voltados à América Espanhola, como o livro “States of Nature”, o trabalho do professor é muito bem recebido pelos pesquisadores brasileiros não apenas voltados aos estudos ambientais, mas como veremos nesta entrevista, também junto à História das Ciências e Tecnologia. No Brasil pela terceira vez, esta entrevista foi realizada na cidade de Guarapuava em novembro de 2015, em ocasião da realização da Escola da Sociedade Latinoamericana e Caribenha de História Ambiental. A entrevista foi realizada e traduzida pelo professor Claiton Marcio da Silva. A tradução e revisão técnica foi feita pela professora Samira Peruchi Moretto
Coffee Is Not Forever : A Global History of the Coffee Leaf Rust
No full textThe global coffee industry, which fuels the livelihoods of farmers, entrepreneurs, and consumers around the world, rests on fragile ecological foundations. In Coffee Is Not Forever, Stuart McCook explores the transnational story of this essential crop through a history of one of its most devastating diseases, the coffee leaf rust. He deftly synthesizes agricultural, social, and economic histories with plant genetics and plant pathology to investigate the increasing interdependence of the world’s coffee-producing zones. In the process, he illuminates the progress and prognosis of the challenges—especially climate change—that pose an existential threat to a crop that global consumers often take for granted. And finally, in putting a tropical plant disease at the forefront, he has crafted the first truly global environmental history of coffee, pushing its study and the discipline in bold new directions.
Award: Henry A. Wallace Awardhttps://ohioopen.library.ohio.edu/oupress/1095/thumbnail.jp
A Century of Soybeans: Scientific Research and Mixed Farming in Agricultural Southern Ontario, 1881-1983
Get PDFThis thesis is an investigation of the history of scientific field crop agriculture in Ontario from 1881 to 1983, with soybeans as the case study crop. Four chronological time periods, each with different economic, social, environmental and social challenges, are identified. In each period, the introduction and development of soybeans from an exotic curiosity to a commodity of major economic and agronomic importance coincided with significant changes in mixed farming. During the first period (1881 to 1925), scientists and educated farmers improved soybeans, and the first variety was registered and released in Canada. In the second period (1925 to the late 1930s), discourse and activity among plant breeders, educated farmers, processors and politicians failed to overcome economic and environmental challenges to replacing more familiar field crops with soybeans, and acreages remained small. The third period (late 1930s to the early 1950s) encompassed World War II, when a shortage of oilseeds stimulated the demand for soybeans. Producers responded by organizing the Ontario Soya-Bean Growers’ Marketing Board and joining the Ontario Crop Improvement Association. Specialized agricultural scientists applied plant physiology and molecular biology to weed control and breeding. During the fourth period (1950s to 1983), soybean acreages increased: in the 1960s, high-yielding varieties with disease resistance were widely planted in southwestern Ontario and the northern USA. By the 1970s, short-season varieties with tolerance to low temperatures spread through eastern Ontario. Research and experiment were part of a public and private sector network of co-operation and support between farmers and scientists, as both groups renegotiated the complex relationship between field crop agriculture and Ontario’s environment. Improvements were achieved by scientists at public institutions and freely communicated through extension programs. Farmers used recommendations as guidelines to increase efficiency on their own farms. With the post-war period, agribusiness became the context in which crop production occurred. This included private seed companies, which exploited public research to market improved seeds and supporting products as profitable business. In 1983, King Agro released a soybean variety, shifting the balance of research and production from public to private enterprise, and signalling the end of mixed farming in Ontario
"Reasonable Tact and Diplomacy": Disease Management and Bovine Tuberculosis in North America: 1890 - 1950
No full textThis dissertation is an investigation of bovine tuberculosis eradication in Canada and the United States from the beginning of formal intervention in the early 1890s to 1950. A zoonotic disease, capable of passing from animals to humans, Bovine tuberculosis emerged as a significant public health and livestock health issue in the late nineteenth century. Eradicating bovine tuberculosis, therefore, came on two fronts; suppressing and managing the disease in livestock, and preventing diseased livestock products from human consumption. Using the jurisdictions of Ontario and New York State, this study details bovine tuberculosis legislation over the roughly sixty years it took to successfully suppress and manage the disease. Particular attention is directed towards the formation, practice, and transformation of policy on both sides of the border, the public and livestock health implications of the disease, and the role of the state and veterinary medicine in disease intervention and management. This work complements and builds upon studies produced by scholars such as Olmstead and Rhode, Jones, and Jenkins, who have adopted various approaches to the history of bovine tuberculosis. In particular, by placing bovine tuberculosis intervention in New York State and Ontario alongside one another, key contrasts are observed in the structure of authority for disease control, competing ideas about the nature and implications of the disease, and the policies that resulted. Over time, distinct programs practiced on either side of the border grew into similar, widespread national testing programs with compensation for livestock owners. This study will explore the tremendous collaboration between Canada and the United States in terms of bovine tuberculosis thinking and practice that saw management efforts unfold, and shed light on an underexplored body of individuals who were critical to the suppression and management of not only bovine tuberculosis, but a host of other infectious diseases: veterinarians. Veterinarians such as John G. Rutherford of Canada and Veranus Moore of the United States were central to the formation, practice and transformation of bovine tuberculosis policy in the early twentieth century. It would be through these individuals that the power of the state would meet the disease on the ground. Bovine tuberculosis, despite the fanfare that surrounded the scientific understanding of it discovered in the nineteenth century, was not a disease suppressed and managed through a dramatic intervention of science, but a steady and dedicated intervention of the state. It was bureaucratic innovation, not necessarily scientific innovation that saw this disease successfully brought under control
Fear and the Unprepared: United States Bioterrorism Policy and the 2001 Anthrax Crisis
Get PDFThis thesis utilizes a combination of relevant newspaper articles, reports from United States government agencies, and policies to examine the history of biological warfare to bioterrorism within the United States. Through these sources, the relationship between public perception/values and political policy and law become more transparent. Over a century-long arc, this thesis explores the role of fear in determining bioterrorism policy from the creation of biological weapons through use as a domestic terrorism agent. The choice blindness to cultural problems within the societal system and their connections to domestic terrorism inhibits the justice system from functioning at a higher capacity. Through my examination of the 2001 anthrax attacks, it is revealed that this event, magnified by the 9/11 attack on the Twin Towers, had a significant impact on public perception of biological weapons and subsequently on bioterrorism policy and legal structures
Rooted in Coffee: Deregulation, Economic Crisis and Restructuring Power in the Brazilian Coffee Sector: How Small-Scale Coffee Producers Responded to the Coffee Crisis in Sul de Minas.
No full textAfter 1989, the elimination of the Brazilian Coffee Institute coincided with a global movement of coffee market deregulation, resulting in a long ‘coffee crisis’ that harmed the livelihoods of thousands of small-scale coffee producers in Brazil. In response, the Brazilian coffee landscape was restructured and large private cooperatives emerged as the primary institutions in the Sul de Minas region. However, after the initial retraction of state intervention, extremely low coffee prices contributed to the reestablishment of the Brazilian government in the coffee sector, but in a different fashion, as state institutions were redesigned to support actors and private institutions, not recreate the state as an intermediary in the market. Despite further commitment to coffee production, producers experienced greater economic vulnerability and suffered the brunt of the low coffee prices, but a strong culture of coffee production played an important role in shaping the choices of producers
Guhl, Andrés. Café y cambio de paisaje en Colombia, 1970-2005. Medellín: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT, Banco de la República, 2008, 334 p.
Get PDFReseña de Guhl, Andrés. Café y cambio de paisaje en Colombia, 1970-2005. Medellín: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT, Banco de la República, 2008, 334 p
Pennsylvania Authors Grave of: McCook, Rev Dr Henry, Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia
No full textLantern slide, photograph, circa 1905, of the grave of Rev. Dr. Henry McCook, in Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia.
Dr. Henry McCook was an important figure in the field of entomology, or the study of insects. He was a prolific author, writing over 200 books and articles on insects, and he was also a Vice President of both the American Entomological Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences. His most famous work is American Spiders and Their Spinning Work, a three-volume illustrated book that is still considered a classic in the field.https://research.library.kutztown.edu/lanternslideseducation/1582/thumbnail.jp
A Place at the Table: Participating in Community Building
No full textFrom urban giants to small towns across the country, there is a palpable hunger for a greater sense of community. Libraries, as they continue to provide a vital public service, are in a unique position to help satisfy this hunger. Unfortunately, they are often left out of the discussion initiated by theorists, writers, planners, activists and civic planners. Award-winning librarian, educator, author and activist, Kathleen de la Peña McCook challenges librarians everywhere to get involved early and often by demanding a place at the community planning and development table. From the author\u27s examples of real-life librarians who have blazed community building trails, you will learn how to: Build a grassroots campaign Strengthen your library’s connections in the community by forming powerful partnerships Become involved in policy making early Promote your library’s tangible asset
Crônica de uma praga anunciada epidemias agrícolas e história ambiental do café nas Américas Chronicle of a plague foretold crop epidemics and the environmental history of coffee in the Americas
No full textAs epidemias agrícolas fornecem um ponto de vista privilegiado para a história ambiental global e transnacional de commodities. A epidemia da ferrugem, causada pelo fungo Hemileia nastatrix, é uma das mais sérias doenças que têm atingido a indústria global de café. No século XIX, ela devastou as plantações de café no Velho Mundo. Também reduziu agudamente a produção de café do tipo arábica na África, Ásia e no Pacífico. Esse foi um dos fatores que permitiu aos países da Américas dominarem a produção global no século XX. Essa epidemia foi detectada nas Américas pela primeira vez na década de 1970. A sua história nas Américas, e as tentativas de seu controle lançam luzes sobre dois paradigmas maiores que moldaram a história ambiental do café no final do século XX. São eles: o paradigma tecnicista, dominante entre meados do século XX até o início dos anos 1990; e o paradigma da sustentabilidade, cujo domínio emergiu em meados dos anos 1980 e se mantém até o presente.Crop epidemics provide a portal into the global and transnational environmental history of commodities. The coffee rust epidemic, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is one of the most serious diseases to have afflicted the global coffee industry. In the nineteenth century, it devastated the coffee plantations in the Old World. It sharply curtailed arabica coffee production in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. This was one of the factors that allowed the Americas do dominate global coffee production in the twentieth century. The coffee rust epidemic was first detected in the Americas in the 1970s. The history of the rust epidemic in the Americas, and attempts to control it, shed light on two major paradigms that shaped the environmental history of coffee in the late twentieth century. The paradigm of technification, which dominated from the mid-20th century to the early 1990s; and the paradigm of sustainability, which dominated emerged in the mid-1980s and continues to the present
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