262,586 research outputs found
Alice Munro Country: Essays on Her Works I, J. R. (Tim) Struthers (ed.) (2020)
No full textInternational audienceReview of: Alice Munro Country: Essays On Her Works I , J. R. (Tim) Struthers (ed.) (2020) Toronto: Guernica Editions, 410 pp, ISBN 978-1-77183-455-3, p/bk, 29.95 CDN, ISBN 978-1-77183-443-91, EPUB, ISBN 978-1-77183-440-7, kindl
Hime capitonis Gomon & Struthers, 2015, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Hime capitonis</i> sp. nov. <p>Proposed new English vernacular name: New Caledonian Flagfin Proposed new French vernacular name: Limbert Nouvelle-Calédonie Figs 1, 3, 4; Tbls 1–3</p> <p> <i>Aulopus japonicus</i> (<i>non</i> Günther): Barro, 1979 (list); Rivaton <i>et al</i>., 1989: 26, 81 (checklist); Rivaton & Richer de Forges, 1990: 25, 39 (lists; 22° 43.3' S, 167° 04.5' E, 274 m; 22° 42.3' S, 167° 10.5' E, 330 m); Kulbicki <i>et al</i>., 1994: 11.</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> MNHN-IC-2003-1495 (149, male) New Caledonia, Coral Sea, Jumeaux Seamount, 23° 44' S, 168° 01' E, 229–428 m, Halipro 2, BT86, station 7146, 23 November 1996.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> 20 specimens, 70.8–173 mm SL. MNHN-IC-2002-0016 (123, male) Vanuatu, 15°04.65'S, 167°10.98'E, 277–285 m, Musorstom 8, CP 1098, station 7146, 7 October 1994; MNHN-IC-2003-1141 (107, female) New Caledonia, Coral Sea, Banc Kaimon Maru, 24° 48.4 'S, 168° 0 9.0 ' E, 245–261 m, lithest, CP10, station 7146, 11 August 1999; MNHN-IC- 2004-2505 (110, female) New Caledonia, Coral Sea, 23°39'S, 168°01'E, 302–325 m, Norfolk 1, CP1669, station 7146, 21 June 2001; MNHN-IC- 2004-2652 (133, male) New Caledonia, Jumeau oust, Coral Sea, 235–242 m, Norfolk 2, station 7146, 23 October 2003; MNHN-IC- 2004-2703 (160, male) New Caledonia, Coral Sea, 375–427 m, Norfolk 2, Zone Crypthelia, station 7146, 2 November 2003; MNHN-IC- 2004-2732 (85.3, male) New Caledonia, Coral Sea, Norfolk 2, Zone Antigonia, station 7146, 240– 240 m; NMNZ P.029040 (146, female) New Caledonia, Jumeaux Seamount, 23º 40.90' S, 168º 0.54' E, 230–250 m, Beryx 11, station 44, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 20 October 1992; NMNZ P.029095 (2, 70.8–84.7, 1 male, 1 female) New Caledonia, Kaiyo Maru Seamount, 24º 47.01' S, 168º 8.76' E, 240–250 m, Beryx 11, station 16, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 16 October 1992; NMNZ P.029140 (4, 116–173, 2 males, 2 females) New Caledonia, Jumeaux Seamount, 23º 45.95' S, 168º 1.30' E, 300–350 m, Beryx 11, station 46, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 20 October 1992; NMNZ P.029153 (3, 96.9–138, females) New Caledonia, Jumeaux Seamount, 23º 40.80' S, 168º 1.00' E, 270–290 m, Beryx 11, station 45, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 20 October 1992; NMNZ P.029323 (137, female) New Caledonia, Kaiyo Maru Seamount, 24º 43.80' S, 168º 7.52' E, 260–280 m, Beryx 11, station 24, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 17 October 1992; NMNZ P.029382 (137, male) New Caledonia, Kaiyo Maru Seamount, 24º 48.20' S, 168º 8.85' E, 250–270 m, Beryx 11, station 17, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 16 October 1992; NMV A31198 -001 (152, male) New Caledonia, Coral Sea, 23°41'S, 168°00'E, 320–397 m, Norfolk 1, CP1671, station 7146, 21 June 2001, formerly part of MNHN-IC- 2004-2451; NMV A31199 -001 (119, female) New Caledonia, Jumeau oust, Norfolk 2, Pacific Ocean, Coral Sea, 290–330 m, Norfolk 2, station 7146, 23 October 2003, formerly MNHN-IC- 2004-2767.</p> <p> <b>Other material.</b> NMNZ P.056769 (5, 68.1–101, 1 male, 4 juveniles) same collection data as paratype NMNZ P.029040; NMNZ P.029109 (82.3, female) New Caledonia, Jumeaux Seamount, 23º 41.60' S, 168º 0.45' E, 240– 300 m, Beryx 11, station 40, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 20 October 1992; NMNZ P.029121 (31.7, juvenile) New Caledonia, Jumeaux Seamount, 23º 40.80' S, 168º 1.00' E, 270–290 m, Beryx 11, station 45, C. Roberts & C. Paulin, 20 October 1992.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Dorsal fin with 16 rays, of moderate height, no rays filamentous in either sex, third ray usually longest, only slightly longer than shortest rays at middle of fin, longest ray 17.0–25.4% SL in males and females, distal margin nearly straight in both sexes, only slightly concave; caudal peduncle length 14.2–17.7% SL; distance from anus to anal fin origin 1.7–3.0 in distance from pelvic fin origin to anus; head large, length 32.3–35.6% SL; eye large, orbital diameter 10.8–13.0% SL; snout length 7.5–9.4% SL; upper jaw length 15.4–17.2% SL; pectoral fin length 19.6–22.2% SL; pelvic fin length 24.3–29.6% SL; scales between anus and anal fin origin 7–9; reddish brown to brown above and white to silvery below with dark brown edged saddles dorsally becoming reddish blotches below; dorsal fin with large red margined yellow spots in males, with red spots of moderate size in females.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. (See Tables 1 –3 for further meristic and morphometric details.) Dorsal fin rays 16; anal fin rays 10 (9 or 10, usually 10); caudal fin rays 10 + 19 + 9 (10 or 11 + 18 or 19 + 8 or 9,); pectoral fin rays 11; pelvic fin rays 9; vertebrae 27+15 = 42 (27 or 28 + 14 to 16 = 42 or 43); lateral line scales 41 (41 to 43) + 1; scales above lateral line 4.5; scales below lateral line 4.5; predorsal scales 13 (12 to 16, usually 13); gill rakers 4 + 15 = 19 (3 to 5 + 14 or 15 = 17 to 20); pyloric caeca 11 (based on NMNZ P.029140, largest specimen).</p> <p>Body elongate, moderately thick, of similar breadth from eyes to posterior end of dorsal fin; dorsal profile of head and snout straight or with slightly convex curve, nape mostly straight, inclined to dorsal fin origin, sloping more gradually to base of tail with straight dorsal profile; ventral profile of head and body mostly straight; caudal peduncle of moderate length and moderately narrow; body deepest at anterior part of dorsal fin, depth at dorsal fin origin 21.9 (19.2–24.0) % SL, depth at anal fin origin 12.2 (11.3–13.4) % SL; anus slightly closer to anal fin origin than pelvic fin origin, anus to anal fin origin than pelvic fin origin, distance from anus to anal fin origin 2.1 (1.7–3.0) in distance from pelvic fin origin to anus. Head large, length 32.4 (32.3–35.6) % SL, bluntly pointed; snout short, much shorter than eye diameter, broadly rounded from above; eye large, orbital diameter 11.3 (10.8–13.0) % SL and 34.9 (32.6–38.7) % HL, slightly larger in females than males (10.8–12.5, mean 11.3 vs 11.3–13.0, mean 12.3% SL, respectively); top of eye extending slightly above dorsal profile of head; bony interorbital distinctly concave, very narrow, interorbital width 4.3 (3.2–5.5) % SL and 13.3 (9.7– 16.5) % HL; postorbital nearly half head length. Anterior nostril small, about midway between tip of snout and orbit, posterior nostril larger, about twice diameter of anterior nostril, long narrow, irregular lanceolate skin flap based on septum separating nostrils. Edge of preopercle smooth, posterior margin straight, angle blunt; opercular margin nearly straight; without well-developed membranous lobe; branchiostegal membranes overlapping ventrally, free from isthmus. Mouth of moderate size, terminal, lower jaw projecting slightly in advance of upper, profile of upper jaw with distinct notch at symphysis when viewed from above; posterior end of maxilla broad, posterior margin nearly straight, extending distinctly past vertical through centre of eye, dorsal margin covering lower half of slender suborbital, separated from eye by narrow strip of skin with mouth closed; upper lip narrow, not covering tooth band in upper jaw with mouth closed. Teeth in jaws small, caniniform, in about two rows laterally and three to four ill-defined rows anteriorly in upper jaw, those mesially longest, small teeth extending onto side of jaw near front, distinct hiatus of teeth at symphysis; band of three to four rows of teeth laterally in lower jaw, additional row or two of much smaller teeth basally on outer edge at front; narrow hiatus in dentition at symphysis, teeth largest mesially. About two rows of small canines on palatines and traversing vomer, those anteriorly on palatines longest. Tongue with narrow anteriorly tapered lanceolate patch of uniformly small teeth in about two peripheral rows bordering naked centre on midline posteriorly. Gill rakers of moderate length.</p> <p>Scales of moderate size, finely spiniform along margins, not extending onto fins; those on chest and belly ctenoid. Predorsal scales extending forward to vertical midway between posterior extent of eye and rear edge of preopercle, covering opercle and preopercle forward to posterior end of maxilla; axial scale present at origin of pectoral and pelvic fins. Lateral line midlaterally on side, originating at horizontal just below upper margin of eye; lateral line scales corresponding with oblique scale rows above and below lateral line; single pore on each lateral line scale.</p> <p>Dorsal fin originating just in advance of vertical through pelvic fin origin, distance from snout tip to dorsal fin origin 37.3 (35.2–39.6) % SL; dorsal fin base of moderate length; fin moderately high anteriorly in males, membranes deeply incised but none of the rays filamentous, third ray usually longest, longest 23.7 (17.0– 24.5 in males) % SL, decreasing in length slightly to middle of fin with posterior rays of similar length, penultimate ray reaching 18.9 (14.7–21.6 in males) % SL, posterior lobe reaching to or past adipose fin origin, outer margin of fin nearly straight, only slightly concave; anterior end of fin lower in females, membranes deeply incised, third ray usually longest (18.4–22.5% SL), subsequent rays decreasing in length slightly (tenth ray 13.6–15.7% SL), lengths of posterior rays subequal, penultimate ray 11.9–13.9% SL, outer margin virtually straight, only very slightly concave; posterior lobe reaching little more than half way to adipose fin; first dorsal-fin ray unbranched, others branched (Figs 1 and 4). Adipose fin rather small but prominent, positioned above posterior end of analfin base. Anal fin originating slightly in advance of vertical through midpoint between dorsal fin insertion and hypural crease, with short base; relatively deep in males, posteriormost rays slightly longer than anterior rays and posterior lobe approaching hypural crease in large individuals; fin smaller in females, lengths of posterior rays subequal; posterior lobe reaching little more than half way to hypural crease; first one or two rays unbranched, others branched. Caudal fin deeply forked, shortest rays at middle of fin slightly more than a third length of longest rays extending to corners, lobes nearly pointed, upper lobe slightly longer than lower; rays near ventral margin of fin more densely segmented than those near dorsal margin of fin; unbranched ray at ventral margin not with opaque fleshy covering. Pectoral fin of moderate size, length 21.7 (19.6–22.2 in males, 20.7– 22.2 in females) % SL, tip reaching distinctly past middle of dorsal fin base; origin of fin just in advance of vertical through dorsal fin origin; first two rays simple, others branched, third longest, subsequent rays progressively shorter. Pelvic fin moderately large, posterior tip of depressed fin reaching to or past anus, more so in males than females; first four rays not especially thickened and cylindrical, densely segmented, first ray unbranched, second to fourth each with pair of simple thickened branches, subsequent rays progressively shorter, flattened with typical multibranching, except for inner-most unbranched ray. A species of moderate size, largest specimen examined 173 mm SL.</p> <p>Fresh colours: (Fig. 4) sides pale reddish brown to brown dorsally, with dark-brown saddles (demarcated by darkly pigmented broad anterior and posterior margins) running to midside beneath anterior part of dorsal fin, posterior part of dorsal fin, adipose fin, and just before caudal base; interspaces between saddles blotched with yellow pigment above lateral line forming broad yellowish stripe from posterior margin of eye; lower side silvery-white, blotched irregularly with red; throat, breast, and belly white, ventral side of gill membranes lemon; cheeks and lower part of opercle silvery with red blotches. Dorsal fin translucent, white anteriorly with at least two irregular rows of red spots in females; males with two or three rows of large spots equal to or larger than pupil, those anteriorly and distally red, others yellow with narrow red margin; adipose fin reddish distally. Anal fin whitish; moderately narrow yellow stripe on basal half of fin of males. Caudal fin whitish, females with broad red band crossing lower half of each lobe and faint band distally; males with broad yellow horizontal stripe at base of each lobe and less prominent red banding, except for red subterminal band on upper lobe; tip of upper lobe white in both sexes. Pectoral fin hyaline to yellowish. Pelvic fin white with yellowish bands in females, with two reddish bands basally and two yellowish bands distally in males.</p> <p>Preserved colours: body dusky above, almost uniformly pale below level of pectoral fin base, with about four or five darker blotches above lateral midline, in form of hour glass-shaped dusky saddles with distinctly darker narrow, anterior and posterior margins on nape, below front and rear end of dorsal fin base, below adipose dorsal fin and at base of tail; darker margins sometimes interrupted near their vertical centres or with dorsal half faint; opercle and cheek usually dark dusky; fins pale with anterior part of dorsal fin dusky in some; adipose dorsal fin pale.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name <i>capitonis</i> is a Latin noun, meaning “one with a large head”, used in apposition to reference the characteristically large head of this species relative to congeners.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> So far known conclusively only from seamounts off the southern tip of New Caledonia and Vanuatu (23° 39' S, 168° 01' E – 24° 48.4 'S, 168° 09.0' E and 15° 04.65' S, 167° 10.98' E; Fig. 3). It is conceivable that specimens reported by Parin and Kotlyar (1989: 412, fig. 3; as <i>H. japonica</i>) from the central Coral Sea (ZIL 47258, 2: 232–248 mm SL, 23° 04' N, 159° 37' E, 320 m; ZIL 47260, 213 mm SL, 25° 35' N, 159° 23' E, 330 m) are this species, but they are more likely to be <i>H. pyrhistion</i>, as are those reported by Gomon <i>et al</i>. (2013: 149, fig. 4) from localities in the proximity. Occurs at depths of at least 240–300m</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> <i>Hime capitonis</i> is distinctive in having a head that is significantly larger than its congeners (length 32.3–35.6, mean 33.5 versus 29.1–33.7, mean 31.0% SL), large eye (orbital diameter 10.8–13.0, mean 11.9 versus 7.1–11.8, mean 9.5% SL), narrow interorbital 3.2–5.5, mean 4.0 versus 3.4–6.1, mean 4.6% SL) and commensurately greater upper jaw (15.4–17.2, mean 16.2 versus 13.5–16.6, mean 14.9% SL), predorsal (35.2– 39.6, mean 38.1 versus 33.1–39.2, mean 35.9% SL), prepectoral (33.2–35.5, mean 34.6 versus 29.1–35.3, mean 32.3% SL) and prepelvic lengths (36.0–41.8, mean 39.3 versus 30.4–40.8, mean 37.0% SL). It is closest to <i>H. surrubea</i> in head and eye size (orbital diameter 30.1–33.3, mean 31.8 and 10.1–11.8, mean 10.9% SL respectively in the latter) and to a lesser extent <i>H. caudizoma</i> for the same features (30.5–32.6, mean 31.7 and 9.7–11.4, mean 10.8% SL in the latter). Females seem to have slightly larger heads and eyes than males of these and most other species of the genus. Proportionally, <i>H. capitonis, H. surrubea</i> and females of <i>H. caudizoma</i> have the largest eyes relative to the size of the head for the genus (33.5–38.7, mean 36.4, 31.2–38.1, mean 34.3, and 30.6–36.2, mean 33.9, respectively, versus 22.5–36.0, mean 29.9% HL in other congeners). <i>Hime capitonis</i> has rather large pelvic fins, similar to those of males of <i>H. japonica</i> (length in males 24.3–29.6, mean 27.2, and 25.9–30.3, mean 27.7% SL, respectively), but unlike that species, pelvic fins of both sexes in the former are of similar sizes. <i>Hime caudizoma</i>, <i>H. diactithrix</i> and <i>H. curtirostris</i> also have large pelvic fins in one or both sexes, fins of large males of the last species approaching the origin of the anal fin.</p> <p> This species has appeared in the literature, misidentified as <i>H. japonica,</i> only as components of faunal or catch composition lists as presented in the above synonymy.</p> <p> <i>Hime caudizoma</i> sp. nov.</p> <p>English vernacular name: Indonesian Flagfin Indonesian vernacular name: Kuniran Merah Figs 1, 3, 5; Tbls 1–3</p> <p> <i>Hime</i> sp. A. White <i>et al</i>., 2013: 84, fig. 16.1 (description).</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> MZB 22096 (152, male) Indonesia, Lombok, market in Tanjung Luar, 8º 46' 38'' S, 116º 30' 58'' E, LM 641, W. White, 0 4 November 2010.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> 7 specimens, 138–183 mm SL, 3 males, 4 females. CSIRO H 7219-05 (159, female) same collection locality, collector and date as holotype, LM642; CSIRO H 7220-03 (139, male) same collection locality and collector as holotype, LM690, 0 5 November 2010; MZB 22097 (141, female) same collection locality, collector and date as holotype, LM640; NMNZ P.056103 (138, female) same collection locality, collector and date as holotype, LM643; NMNZ P.056104 (147, male) same collection locality and collector as holotype, LM689, 0 5 November 2010; NMV A31121 -001 (183, male) same collection locality, collector and date as holotype, LM645; NMV A31121 -002 (152, female) same collection locality, collector and date as holotype, LM644.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Dorsal fin with 17 rays, of moderate height, no rays filamentous in either sex, penultimate ray usually longest in males (19.7–21.0% SL), fourth or fifth ray longest in females (14.7–17.3% SL), but nearly same length as those at middle of fin, 13.9–20.1% SL in males and females, distal margin nearly straight in both sexes, only slightly concave in males, very slightly convex in females; caudal peduncle length 15.8–17.9% SL; distance from anus to anal fin origin 2.5–3.8 in distance from pelvic fin origin to anus; head moderately large, length 30.5–32.6% SL; eye large, orbital diameter 9.7–11.4% SL; snout length 7.3–8.2% SL; upper jaw length 14.3–16.0% SL; pectoral fin length 20.8–23.5% SL; pelvic fin moderately large, length 27.2–31.3% SL; scales between anus and anal fin origin 6 or 7; brown above and white to silvery below with dark edged brown saddles dorsally, becoming red ventrally; dorsal fin covered with reddish spots, most slightly smaller than pupil of eye, in about four more or less horizontal rows, those posterobasally yellow in males.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. (See Tables 1 –3 for further meristic and morphometric details.) Dorsal fin rays 17; anal fin rays 10 (9 in one of 8); caudal fin rays 10 + 19 + 8 (9 or 10 + 19 + 8); pectoral fin rays 11; pelvic fin rays 9; vertebrae 27 + 15 = 42 (26–28 + 14–16 = 41–43); lateral line scales 42 (41–43) + 1; scales above lateral line 4.5; scales below lateral line 4.5; predorsal scales 14 (13); gill rakers 4 + 14 = 18 (4 or 5 + 13 or 14 = 17 to 19); pyloric caeca 13 (based on NMNZ P.056104, 147 mm SL, male).</p> <p>Body elongate, moderately thick, tapering slightly from eyes to posterior end of dorsal fin; dorsal profile of head mostly straight, nape with slight convex curve, inclined to dorsal fin origin, sloping more gradually to base of tail with straight dorsal profile; ventral profile of head and body mostly straight; caudal peduncle of moderate length and moderately narrow; body deepest at anterior part of dorsal fin, depth at dorsal fin origin 19.3 (18.1– 20.4) % SL, depth at anal fin origin 11.7 (10.0–12.6) % SL; anus much closer to anal fin origin than pelvic fin origin anus closer to anal fin origin than pelvic fin origin, distance from anus to anal fin origin 2.7 (2.5–3.8) in distance from pelvic fin origin to anus. Head moderately large, length 32.2 (30.5–32.6) % SL, bluntly pointed; snout very short, much shorter than eye diameter, broadly rounded from above; eye large, orbital diameter 11.4 (9.7–11.4) % SL and 35.4 (30.6–36.2) % HL, slightly larger in females than males (33.3–36.2, mean 34.7 vs 30.6–35.4, mean 33.1, respectively); top of eye distinctly above dorsal profile of head; bony interorbital deeply concave, narrow, interorbital width 4.4 (3.7–4.4) % SL and 13.6 (11.8–13.8) % HL; postorbital just less than half head length. Anterior nostril small, about midway between tip of snout and orbit, posterior nostril only slightly larger; long narrow, lanceolate skin flap with finely fringed to irregularly incised margin based on septum separating nostrils. Edge of preopercle smooth, posterior margin straight, angle blu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Parapercis nigrodorsalis Johnson & Struthers & Wilmer 2014, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Parapercis nigrodorsalis</i> sp. nov. New English name: Blackfin Sandperch <p>Figures 1–2, 5–6; Tables 1–3</p> <p> <i>Parapercis binivirgata</i> (not of Waite, 1904): Moreland, 1975: 288 (in part).</p> <p> <i>Parapercis</i> NFZ1: Clark & Roberts, 2008: Appendix 4, unnumbered.</p> <p> <i>Holotype.</i> NMNZ P.052461, 113.5 mm, Ranfurly Bank, New Zealand, 37°32.782’S 178°53.415’E, 68–70 m, beam trawl, RV <i>Tangaroa</i>, 30 May 2011.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes.</i> (n = 17) AMS I.42754-002, 76.9 mm, Wanganella Bank, west Norfolk Ridge, Tasman Sea, 32°36.9417’S 167°35.4167’E, 121–126 m, trawl, NORFANZ survey, 29 May 2003; CSIRO H.6061-01, 3: 56.5–68.9 mm, same data as above; NMNZ P.039278, 81.2 mm, same data as above; NMNZ P.039283, 2: 78.8–81.8 mm, same data as above; NMV A.25154, 76.3 mm, same data as above; NMNZ P.002207, 156.0 mm, Off Mayor Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 37°20’S 176°18’E, 146 m, trawl, Jul 1957; NMNZ P.036802, 128.6 mm, reef SE of White Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 37°31’S 177°12’E, 160 m, handline, Aug 1999; NMNZ P.041834, 81.6 mm, SE of Colville Ridge, New Zealand, 37°28.25’S 177°13.065’E, 200– 175 m, epibenthic sled, 12 Nov 2004; NMNZ P.052460, 99.1 mm, Ranfurly Bank, New Zealand, 37°32.782’S 178°53.415’E, 68–70 m, beam trawl, 30 May 2011; NMNZ P.052476, 112.7 mm, Ranfurly Bank, New Zealand, 37°38.783’S 178°56.793’E, 158–160 m, beam trawl, 1 Jun 2011 (genetic sample listed in Table 4); NMNZ P.052477, 81.6 mm, Off East Cape, New Zealand, 37°31.178’S 178°51.833’E, 110–113 m, beam trawl, 1 Jun 2011; NMNZ P.052478, 2: 52.6–67.4 mm, same data as previous; NMNZ P.052492, 75.7 mm, Off East Cape, New Zealand, 37°35.682’S 178°51.907’E, 56–58 m, beam trawl, 1 Jun 2011.</p> <p> <i>Non-types.</i> (n = 5) NMNZ P.041807, 45.9 mm SL, SE of Colville Ridge, New Zealand, 37°21.305’S 177°06.09’E, 260–280 m, epibenthic sled, 14 Nov 2004; NMNZ P.052456, 58.1 mm, Off East Cape, New Zealand, 37°28.185’S 178°51.78’E, 106–177 m, epibenthic sled, 1 Jun 2011; NMNZ P.052459, 89.5 mm, North Taranaki Bight, NW of Kawhia Harbour, New Zealand, 37°58.302’S 174°04.857’E, 115–118 m, beam trawl, 2 Apr 2011; NMNZ P.052471, 47.8 mm, NW of Three Kings Islands, New Zealand, 33°57.578’S 171°46.343’E, 92–96 m, epibenthic sled, 28 Mar 2011; NMNZ P. 052484, 62.0 mm, same data as previous.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A species of <i>Parapercis</i> with dorsal-fin rays V, 23; anal-fin rays I, 19; pectoral-fin rays 19–21 (modally 19); lateral-line scales 57–63 (modally 60); gill rakers 5–6 + 8–10 = 13–15 (modally 14); predorsal scales 9 <i>–</i> 11, cycloid; scales on cheek ctenoid (except few anteriorly on preorbital), in about 18 horizontal rows; 6 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw; vomer with 2 rows of robust conical teeth in adults; palatines with 1–2 rows of small teeth; angle of subopercle smooth, lacking spinules; 10 abdominal and 22 caudal vertebrae; pelvic fins reaching between vent and base of second anal-fin ray; and coloration including seven broad reddish-brown vertical bands on upper body between spinous dorsal fin and caudal peduncle, each band except first and last partially bifurcated into two close-set double bars, each bar with a black smudge-like spot at its lower end, membrane of spinous dorsal-fin black.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Dorsal-fin rays V, 23; anal-fin rays I, 19; all dorsal- and anal-fin rays branched, last to base; pectoral-fin rays 19 (19–21, modally 19, occasionally asymmetrically 19 on one side and 20 on the other), upper ray unbranched, others including lowermost branched; pelvic-fin rays I, 5; branched caudal-fin rays 15; lateral-line scales 61 (57–63), plus usually 2 smaller pored scales on caudal-fin base; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 8 (7–8), to base of anterior soft rays of dorsal fin 5 ½; scales below lateral line in a oblique row to origin of anal fin 14 (14–15); circumpeduncular scales 24 (24–25); predorsal scales 10 (9–11), extending to (or almost to) a vertical from upper corner of preoperculum; horizontal row of scales from preorbital across cheek to edge of preopercle about 20, vertical rows below middle of eye 7; gill rakers on first arch 5 + 9 = 14 (5–6 + 8–10 = 13–15); branchiostegal rays 6; vertebrae 10 + 22 = 32.</p> <p>Body depth 6.2 (5.6–6.25) in SL; body subcylindrical, greatest width 0.9 (0.9–1.0) in body depth; head length 3.95 (3.8–4.0) in SL; snout pointed, its length 3.85 (3.9–5.15) in HL; orbital diameter 3.35 (2.75–3.35) in HL; eyes directed more laterally than dorsally, bony interorbital space narrow, 8.25 (6.65–9.65) in HL; caudal-peduncle depth 2.5 (2.65–2.85) in HL; caudal-peduncle length 3.0 (2.75–3.1) in HL.</p> <p>Mouth oblique, jaws terminal, or upper lip slightly protruding beyond tip of lower jaw; curved canine teeth at front of lower jaw slightly projecting, but not visible when mouth fully closed; upper jaw extending to vertical from middle of eye (middle of eye to just posterior to rear margin of pupil), but fleshy flap extending posteriorly from the tip of the maxilla to vertical between posterior margin of pupil and posterior margin of orbit, upper-jaw length 2.0 (2.0–2.05) in HL; upper jaw with 20–21 (19–22) outer curved canines on each side, first 6–8 clearly the largest, of these the second or third the largest, those following gradually reducing in size posteriorly, broad inner band of small villiform teeth anteriorly, narrowing gradually to form only two rows at rear of jaw; front of lower jaw on each side with 3 enlarged curved canines in distinctly separate outer row, tooth third from symphysis largest, followed in outer row by 4–5 (4–6) small canine teeth, then 3 abruptly larger strongly curved canines of which the middle is distinctly largest, broad inner band of villiform teeth extending posteriorly from symphysis to side of jaw just posterior to largest tooth in outer row, remaining teeth subequal, moderate, in single row of 16 (12–16). Vomer with 2 (1–2, single row only in juveniles) irregular crescentic rows of 6 (4–9) robust conical teeth anteriorly, medial teeth largest, second posterior row shorter, comprised of 7 (0–7) slightly smaller teeth; palatines with 2 (1–2) rows of small subequal teeth, 8 (6–8) in outer row and 3 (0–3) medially in inner row. Tongue spatulate with broadly rounded tip, dorsal surface covered in numerous minute papillae.</p> <p>Gill membranes united with broad free fold, not attached to isthmus. Gill rakers short, the longest about 3.5 in length of longest gill filament on first gill arch. Anterior nostril small, situated anterior to mid-eye, about half distance from anterior margin of eye to snout tip, with a membranous tube, often lying flat against snout in preserved specimens. Posterior nostril slightly more than half distance from anterior margin of eye to anterior nostril, dorsoposterior to, and about same width as anterior nostril, its opening oval-shaped, with a rounded membranous flap on anteroventral edge, the flap covering most of the nasal opening when depressed; internarial distance about twice width of posterior nostril.</p> <p>Opercle with distinctly exposed, flattened, blade-like spine; subopercle, including angle, entire; preopercle entire, the margins naked and broadly rounded.</p> <p>Lateral line continuous, ascending smoothly from opercle to below second or third soft dorsal-fin ray, then approximately following contour of back; scales ctenoid, except for those on nape, on breast and midline of belly, and several anteriormost scales on subopercle; scales on middle of sides with up to about 46 cteni; scales on cheek extending forward to a vertical from anterior margin of orbit in adults to below anterior margin of pupil in juveniles; no scales on dorsal, anal or pelvic fins; up to 10 rows of small feebly ctenoid followed by cycloid scales on base of pectoral-fin rays; elongate ctenoid scales densely arranged on proximal two-thirds of caudal fin in up to 28 rows.</p> <p> Origin of dorsal fin just posterior (above or just posterior) to vertical from axil of pectoral fin, the predorsal length 3.65 (3.3–3.75) in SL; dorsal-fin spines progressively longer, the first 9.95 (8.15–13.0) in HL; fifth dorsalfin spine longest, 4.4 (3.75–4.4) in HL; membrane from fifth spine to first soft ray attached near tip of fifth dorsalfin spine and only slightly incised; 20 th (19 th or 20 th) soft dorsal-fin ray the longest, 1.85 (1.65–1.85) in HL; origin of anal fin below base of fifth soft dorsal-fin ray, preanal length 2.2 (2.1–2.2) in SL; anal-fin spine slender, closely attached to first soft ray, 4.9 (4.35–6.3) in HL; longest soft anal-fin ray the 17 th (usually 16 th or 17 th), 1.95 (1.75–2.05) in HL; caudal fin slightly rounded (truncate to slightly rounded), length 5.25 (4.6–5.45) in SL; pectoral fins rounded, 11 th (10 th or 11 th) ray longest, 5.1 (4.15–5.0) in SL, about equal to pelvic fins; origin of pelvic fins in advance of upper base of pectoral fins, on a vertical just anterior to upper corner of opercular opening (upper corner of opercular opening to tip of operculum), prepelvic length 4.0 (3.6–4.05) in SL; pelvic-fin spine closely attached to first soft ray, its termination fleshy and attenuated, reaching about three fourths distance to tip of first ray; fourth soft pelvic-fin ray longest, reaching base of anal-fin spine (to vent in largest paratype, to base of second anal-fin ray in smallest paratype), 4.65 (3.9–4.95) in SL.</p> <p> <i>Colour when fresh.</i> Upper half of body in holotype (Fig. 1B–C) and paratypes (eg Fig. 1D) pale pinkish orange, with a series of seven reddish brown vertical bands. First band narrower and more diffuse than others, with darker brown blotch restricted to posteroventral portion of band. Second to seventh bands partially bifurcated, forming six pairs of close-set double bars, each with a darker brown smudge-like blotch at its lower end. First three bands extending below lateral line, fourth on or slightly below lateral line, remainder terminating on lateral line. A small dark brown spot on upper base of caudal fin, aligning horizontally with series of bands on body. A broad longitudinal diffuse yellow stripe from upper pectoral-fin base to mid-base of caudal fin, comprised of yellow edges to about four vertical rows of scales, stripe passing directly below and highlighting lower edge of series of dark brown blotches on upper body. Lower body uniformly pale creamish white. Head mostly pinkish yellow, infused with crimson-red on upper half of upper lip, snout, preorbital, interorbital and naked occipital region. Lower half of upper lip bright yellow. Operculum below opercular spine pale yellow. Lower lip and undersurface of lower jaw stark white. Spinous dorsal-fin membrane jet black. Soft dorsal fin translucent, with numerous oblique posteroventrally-directed orange-yellow bands. Basal third of anal fin white, distal two-thirds of fin pale yellow. Caudal fin semi-translucent, with six narrow wavy vertical orange-yellow bands, alternating with six similar bluegrey bands, bands becoming faint in lower quarter of fin. Pectoral fins mainly translucent, but membrane of basal third of fin faintly yellowish. Pelvic fins white, with a faint yellowish blush. Colour in life similar to fresh specimens (Fig. 2).</p> <p> <i>Colour in alcohol.</i> Head and body of holotype (Fig. 1A) and paratypes pale yellowish cream, with a series of seven vertical brown bands on upper body. First band below posterior portion of spinous dorsal-fin base, faint and narrow above, terminating on midbody below lateral line in a broader dark brown smudge-like blotch. Second band much broader than first, successive bands becoming progressively narrower, each partially bifurcated, forming close-set double bars, each bar forming darker brown smudge-like blotch at its lower end. Lower edge of series of dark blotches in parallel at midbody. Belly pale cream. Tongue creamish white. Peritoneum pale. Spinous dorsal fin membrane black. Soft dorsal, anal and pectoral fins semitranslucent, lacking any distinctive markings. Caudal fin with six narrow wavy greyish bands, the latter fading in lower quarter of fin. Pelvic fins pale cream.</p> <p> <b>Molecular results.</b> The phylogenetic analyses indicate that <i>P. nigrodorsalis</i> is closely related to (sister taxon), but separate from <i>P. binivirgata</i> and both species form a well-supported clade (posterior probability of 1) with the currently undescribed <i>P.</i> sp. 4 (of Johnson) (Figure 6). The three other species of <i>Parapercis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>allporti</i> <i>, P. colias</i> and <i>P. gilliesii</i> form the other well supported clade within our phylogeny (Figure 6). In addition to the clear phylogenetic support for the separate but close relationship of <i>P. nigrodorsalis</i> within its clade, it also has an average uncorrected sequence divergence of 5.38% and 7.63% from <i>P. binivirgata</i> and <i>P.</i> sp. 4 (of Johnson) respectively (Table 3). While lower that the overall sequence divergence among all the species of <i>Parapercis</i> in our study (13.49%), these values are higher than those found between <i>P. allporti</i> and <i>P. gilliesii</i> (3.04%); two closely related <i>Parapercis</i> species easily distinguished on morphological characters. Furthermore, the values are higher or comparable to those found among <i>Pinguipes brasiensis</i>, <i>Pinguipes chiliensis</i> and <i>Pseudopercis semifasciata</i> (3.83% – 6.29%, Table 3). Also notable is that sequence divergence within species (where more than one sequence per species available) is almost non-existent (0–0.15%, Table 3).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From the Latin <i>nigro</i> for black and <i>dorsalis</i> for dorsal fin, in reference to the distinctive black spinous dorsal-fin membrane of the species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and abundance.</b> Known on rocky reef, gravel and rubble bottom on Wanganella Bank, western Norfolk Ridge, Tasman Sea, south to the North Island of New Zealand, from North Taranaki Bight, north to the Three Kings Islands and south-east to the Bay of Plenty and Colville Ridge, in depths of 56 to 280 m (Fig. 5).</p> <p> It is difficult to draw conclusions on the abundance of <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i> on the Norfolk Ridge from NORFANZ results, as few trawls were undertaken in the depth range that specimens were collected (over 90 percent of trawl and sled tows were in depths greater than 200 m). However, in New Zealand it appears to be relatively common where suitable habitat exists, with 14 specimens collected by trawl in depths of 56– 280 m. The species has also been observed and photographed off the North Island of New Zealand by divers using rebreather apparatus in depths of 55–71 m in the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve, at locations known locally as Ngaroimata Point, Northern Arch, Serpent Rock and Landing Bay Pinnacle (Fig. 2). A large individual was identified from an underwater photograph taken by Kendall Clements in 2010 at “The Archways”, Burgess Island, Mokohinau Group, outer Hauraki Gulf, at a depth of 16– 20 m. The latter is the shallowest confirmed record for the species.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> <i>Parapercis nigrodorsalis</i> (Figs. 1–2) is most similar to <i>P. binivirgata</i> (Figs. 3–4), sharing similar morphology, meristic formulae, and coloration, including numerous dark transverse bars on the upper sides. It differs most obviously in coloration, having seven broad bands across the upper body, the first originating below the posterior portion of the spinous dorsal fin and the second to seventh bifurcated to form close-set double bars with darker smudge-like blotches below (versus 13 narrower, distinctly separate dark bars on the upper body, lacking darker spots or blotches below, and the first bar originating on the nape). In addition, the spinous dorsal-fin membrane is jet black, the pelvic fins lack dark pigmentation, the upper pectoral-fin base lacks a red blotch and there are six alternating orange-yellow and blue-grey bands on the caudal fin in <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i> (versus spinous dorsal-fin membrane semitranslucent to faintly reddish, or greyish, pelvic fins dusky on the basal half to two-thirds of medial rays, upper pectoral-fin base with a conspicuous red blotch, and seven alternating bands on the caudal fin, respectively, in <i>P</i>. <i>binivirgata</i>). Although meristics for both species strongly overlap, there are modal differences in counts of pectoral-fin rays (19–21, modally 19 in <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i>, versus 19–21, modally 20 in <i>P</i>. <i>binivirgata</i>), lateral-line scales (57–63, modally 60, versus 59–67, modally 64) and total gill rakers (13–15, modally 14, versus 12–15, modally 13) (Table 2). The two species are sympatric in the region off the eastern side of the North Island of New Zealand, but <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i> has not been recorded elsewhere within the known range of <i>P</i>. <i>binivirgata</i>.</p> <p> Among other species of <i>Parapercis</i> with numerous transverse bands on the upper body, <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i> is readily distinguished from <i>P</i>. <i>decemfasciata</i> by the number of bands and the dorsal-fin spine and ray counts (10 narrow pale reddish bars, extending well below midbody, and dorsal fin IV, 25, versus seven broader bands not extending below midbody, and dorsal fin V, 23 in <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i>); from <i>P</i>. <i>multifasciata</i> by coloration (10 narrow dusky bands extending below midbody and several broad wavy yellow bands across the head and nape, versus seven broader bands not extending below midbody and no yellow bands on head and nape in <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i>); and from <i>P</i>. <i>allporti</i> by a lower dorsal fin-ray count, absence of palatine teeth and different configuration of dark bars on the upper body (dorsal-fin rays 21, palatine teeth absent, and five to seven principal dark bars alternating with numerous narrower secondary bars, extending below midbody, versus dorsal-fin rays 23, palatine teeth present and seven broad bands not extending below midbody in <i>P</i>. <i>nigrodorsalis</i>).</p> <p>A successful genetic sequence was only generated from a single specimen of the new species (paratype NMNZ P.052476). Unfortunately this specimen was in relatively poor condition and no images of it in fresh coloration were available, hence it was unsuitable for designation as the holotype. NMNZ P.052476 was collected from a location closely adjacent to that of the holotype and has almost identical meristic and morphometric values and preserved coloration to the holotype, leaving no doubt that the two are conspecific.</p>Published as part of <i>Johnson, Jeffrey W., Struthers, Carl D. & Wilmer, Jessica Worthington, 2014, Parapercis nigrodorsalis (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae), a new species of sandperch from northern New Zealand and the Norfolk Ridge, Tasman Sea and remarks on P. binivirgata (Waite, 1904), pp. 484-500 in Zootaxa 3856 (4)</i> on pages 487-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3856.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4929949">http://zenodo.org/record/4929949</a>
Modelling the water balance of a free-draining lysimeter using the downward approach
No full textA 2600 m(3) free-draining lysimeter constructed in a Pinus sylvestris plantation forest in Colbitz, Germany, has been monitored daily since 1974, with the intent of improving the understanding the effect of afforestation upon groundwater recharge (drainage). The objective of this research was to employ a downward approach in the development of a conceptual water balance model applicable to the site. Observed annual and inter-annual trends were successfully replicated by a simple capacitance model using a simplified representation of vegetation growth. An important limitation of the capacitance approach in simulating the timing of drainage at sub-annual time scales was identified, which could not be overcome by adding complexity to the model basis. Given the a priori use of capacitance approaches for simulating drainage in many hydrological models, the findings of this study suggest that (a) these approaches are sufficient where the prediction of annual and inter-annual drainage behaviour is the primary objective, and that (b) an alternative basis accounting for the time delay between precipitation inputs and drainage generation is required for modelling if the prediction of drainage at sub-annual time scales is a priority. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Supplemental material for Genital <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> infections among women in sub-Saharan Africa: A structured review
No full textSupplemental material for Genital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among women in sub-Saharan Africa: A structured review by Jan Henk Dubbink,Stephan P Verweij,Helen E Struthers,Sander Ouburg,James A McIntyre,Servaas A Morré andRemco PH Peters in International Journal of STD & AIDS</p
Author in Essay by I. A. Goncharov “Pepiniere”
No full textFeatures of the embodiment of the author’s position in the essay by I. A. Goncharov “Pepiniere” are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the poorly studied poetics of this work. A review of the scientific literature on relevant topics is performed. Methodological and theoretical definitions are given. The scientific novelty of the article is in the fact that for the first time attention is paid to artistic techniques that allow to identify the author's position in the specified literary text. The author of the article grounds her opinion from the fact that, despite the dominance of the subjective point of view, other characters’ views stand out in the work. It is concluded in the study that the text of the work represents a biographical author and author-creator. It was established that the position of the author-creator is expressed through the title, epigraphs, which are quotes, as well as through different points of view, including the author-character, the author-narrator, the characters of the work. The author of the article dwells in detail on different ways of expressing the points of view of the author-character and the author-narrator. It is proved that the point of view of the author-character and the author-narrator can intersect, they are interchanged. The author's development of the term comic “point of view” is presented in the article
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of the Indo-Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) (Scorpaenidae), a senior synonym of seven nominal species
No full textFIGURE 1. Primary type specimens identified as (A–G) Scorpaenodes guamensis and (H) Scorpaenodes scaber. A, lectotype of Scorpaena guamensis and Sebastes minutus (MNHN 6667, 44.0 mm SL, Mariana Islands); B, lectotype of Scorpaena rubropunctata (ZMB 766, 32.6 mm SL, Red Sea); C, holotype of Scorpaena chilioprista (SMF 476, 50.2 mm SL, Red Sea); D, lectotype of Scorpaena polylepis (RMNH 5855, 32.8 mm SL, Indonesia); E, holotype of Centropogon echinatus (AMS I. 16353-001, 69.8 mm SL, Australia); F, holotype of Scorpaena erinacea (MCZ 28313, 57.5 mm SL, Fiji); G, holotype of Scorpaenopsis quiescens (BPBM 1352, 71.7 mm SL, Society Islands); H, syntype of Sebastes scaber (AMS B. 8450, 41.6 mm SL, Australia).Published as part of Motomura, Hiroyuki, Causse, Romain & Struthers, Carl D., 2016, Redescription of the Indo-Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) (Scorpaenidae), a senior synonym of seven nominal species, pp. 345-360 in Zootaxa 4067 (3) on page 351, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/26585
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