130,637 research outputs found
The Role of Morality and Religiosity in Ethnic and Homophobic Prejudice Among Teachers
No full textThe role of moral disengagement strategies and religiosity related to ethnic and
homophobic prejudice were investigated in a sample of 550 Italian secondary school
teachers (76.4% female, age range: 20–70; M=46.18) who completed the teachers’
attitudes towards the representation of homosexuality in flm and television scale;
the Italian version of the moral disengagement scale; the subtle and blatant prejudice
scales; and three items to evaluate their religiosity. Evidence suggests that moral disengagement processes matter for subtle ethnic prejudice, but not for blatant ethnic
prejudice or homophobic prejudice. Results based on a structural equation model
show that teachers who are more prone to use moral disengagement mechanisms
have higher levels of subtle ethnic prejudice, while teachers who are older and more
religious have higher levels of homophobic prejudice. The results of a multiple
group structural equation model showed that high versus low levels of religiosity
among teachers did not moderate the strength of these associations. Theoretical and
educational implications are discussed
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
APL programming without tears: it is time for a change
No full textNaeve P, Strohmeier B, Wolf P. APL programming without tears: it is time for a change. APL Quote Quad. 1993;24(1):185-189.To overcome the unreadability of traditional APL-code Knuth's idea of literate programming is adapted to APL. The APL2web system of structured documentation is introduced as a new way of APL-programming. An example is given to highlight the merits of this combination
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Design, simulation and prototyping of polymeric ortho-planar microvalves
No full textIn this work, a passive ortho-planar microvalve design is investigated. The component is conceived to be integrated in micropumps and microfluidic systems. It is
very compact and it can be realized through standard planar machining techniques, such as laser
rapid prototyping or MEMS surface micromachining.
Analytical and Finite Element coupled approaches are used to describe the microvalve
response to the fluid flow. A validation of the models is successfully carried out
with respect to literature data for silicon microvalves. The proposed analytical model
well describes the hydraulic resistance. Eventually, a calibration through a limited
number of numerical simulations can be done. Subsequently, polymeric prototypes are
realized and tested. The manufactured microvalves are effective in flow rectification and a power
law Q − ∆pV trend is evidenced. As expected, deviations are found with respect to the modeled
ideal response. This seems to be due to tolerances in assembly and high structure
compliance
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