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On the necessity of foundations, intersubjectivity and cognitive science
Get PDFI discuss three of the target article’s
topics that I find either problematic
or important. First, I discuss a potentially
dangerous consequence of claiming that
empirical phenomenology necessarily
calls for a constructivist foundation. Second,
I consider the threat to intersubjective
validation and the related problem
that the author does not specify what
technique(s) one should use for training
and collecting data in research on experience.
Third, I briefly touch upon the question
of the integration of empirical phenomenology
and cognitive science
The experience of deciding to go jogging
Get PDF: Empirical sciences study decision-making predominantly from a third-person perspective and mostly in a laboratory setting. However, the mentioned approaches do not provide comprehensive insight into the decision-making process. What is missing is the first-person perspective of the decision-maker as well as the knowledge of how one experiences decision-making in everyday life. Similarly, within sport psychology and exercise psychology, there is a lack of qualitative research addressing the experience of processes related to physical activity. The aims of this master’s thesis are: to study how recreational joggers experience the decision-making process to go jogging, namely during episodes (i.e., in distinct moments of experience); and to examine how this experience is embedded in their everyday lives. In accordance with the aims, I carried out a study in an effort to contribute to our understanding of decision-making from the first-person perspective as it occurs in daily life. The data collection process was conducted using a micro-phenomenology-based method as well as the ethnographic method. Seven co-researchers – recreational joggers interested in exploring their own experience – participated in the study. They recorded episodes in which they were thinking about going jogging in the form of journal entries. These further served as the basis for six phenomenological interviews, with which I obtained descriptions of experience in the investigated episodes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to study the context in which the episodes occurred. The data analysis was conducted following the qualitative data analysis approach and was carried out on three levels, namely by gradually combining experiential and ethnographic data. The results showed that the decision-making to go jogging in the episodes occurred on the basis of affective states, on the basis of rational judgment regarding the feasibility of going jogging, or the decision occurred spontaneously. The experience of the decision-making process to go jogging was embedded in the co-researchers' everyday lives based on their disposition towards jogging, of which there were three: jogging as a non-committal form of relaxation, jogging as a way of balancing productivity with current pleasures, and jogging as a way of life. With this master's thesis, I add to the body of knowledge about the experience of decision-making. Additionally, I emphasize the need to research experiential phenomena on multiple levels and by combining several methods to obtain a more holistic description of the studied phenomenon
A predictive processing account of the decision-making process in addiction
No full textNaloga se osredotoča na razumevanje vloge procesa odločanja pri zasvojenosti znotraj teoretičnega okvira napovednega procesiranja. Kljub obstoječim raziskavam o zasvojenosti in povezavi med odločanjem ter zasvojenostjo ostaja prostor za dodatna aplikativna dognanja, ki lahko nudijo konkretne rešitve pri zdravljenju in življenju z zasvojenostjo. Z nevrobiološkega vidika igra pri zasvojenosti ključno vlogo nagrajevalni sistem, vendar je nagrada z vidika napovednega procesiranja posledica, ne vzrok dejanj organizma, saj se organizem odloča z namenom uresničevanja napovedi, ki bodo vodila v nagrado. Cilj naloge je preučiti, kako lahko napovedno procesiranje prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju vloge procesa odločanja pri zasvojenosti in katere nove perspektive ter smeri lahko ta pristop odpre za prihodnost raziskovanja in obravnavanja zasvojenosti. S poudarkom na teoretični analizi znanstvenih dognanj želi naloga odgovoriti na raziskovalna vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na: vlogo procesa odločanja pri zasvojenosti, razumevanje procesa odločanja z vidika napovednega procesiranja, uporabo tega ogrodja za razlago vloge procesa odločanja pri zasvojenosti ter pridobivanje novih spoznanj o vlogi procesa odločanja pri zasvojenosti. Pričakovan prispevek raziskave je v razjasnitvi kompleksnosti zasvojenosti s poudarkom na odločanju in doprinosu novih pogledov ter smeri za obravnavo tega problema. Raziskava ne temelji na empirični metodologiji, temveč na kritični analizi relevantne literature. S pridobljenimi spoznanji želimo spodbuditi razmislek o novih pristopih k zdravljenju zasvojenosti in prispevati k širšemu razumevanju kompleksnosti tega fenomena.This work focuses on understanding the role of the decision-making process in addiction within the theoretical framework of predictive processing. Despite existing research on addiction and the connection between decision-making and addiction, there is still room for additional applied findings that can offer concrete solutions for treatment and living with addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, the reward system plays a crucial role in addictionhowever, from the viewpoint of predictive processing, the reward is a consequence, not a cause, of the organism\u27s actions, as the organism makes decisions to fulfil predictions that will lead to a reward. The aim is to examine how predictive processing can contribute to a better understanding of the role of the decision-making process in addiction and what new perspectives and directions this approach can open for future research and treatment of addiction. With a focus on theoretical analysis of scientific findings, we aim to answer research questions related to: the role of decision-making in addiction, understanding the decision-making process from the perspective of predictive processing, using this framework to explain the role of decision-making in addiction, and gaining new insights into the role of decision-making in addiction. The expected contribution of the research is to clarify the complexity of addiction with an emphasis on decision-making and to provide new perspectives and directions for addressing this problem. The research is not based on empirical methodology but on a critical analysis of relevant literature. With the acquired insights, we aim to encourage new approaches to addiction treatment and contribute to a broader understanding of the complexity of this phenomenon
Formulation of guidelines for a more ethical user experience design
Get PDFUser experience design (UXD) often appears unethical, and creators of user ex-perience do not have guidelines that could assist with moral decisions. Even though there are GDPR regulations (General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – Official Legal Text, n.d.) for mobile applications and websites, and platforms specific regu-lations (App Store and Google Play – only for mobile applications), that do not allow applications with insulting nature (App Store Review Guidelines - Apple Developer, n.d.), or are trying to protect privacy, the field is mainly unregulated. This short-coming of thinking about ethics could open doors to unethical practices in UXD, such as creating malicious user interfaces that trick users into clicking certain but-tons, performing ‘behind the scenes’ A/B research inside the mobile applications or websites without users’ knowledge, manipulating users through user-experience, abusing privacy of users, and others. In this thesis, I discuss how disposition to-wards virtuous behavior could lead to a more ethical UXD and create a foundation for guidelines. In the discussion about ethics, I use one of the three contemporary approaches in normative ethics, called virtue ethics, which puts forth the character of a person who is making a moral decision, i.e., an agent (Hursthouse, 2014; Kawall, 2014; Van Zyl, 2018). In the process of UXD, there are more agents included, such as artifact originator (client), user experience designer, user interface designer, de-veloper, copywriter, and user. In my work, I present and stress the importance of all the agents included, and not only artifact originator or user experience designer.
To reach the goal of my thesis, I defined the basic steps that could be common to the creation of different UXD artifacts, with a focus on mobile applications, web-sites, and software, and defined the agents involved in this process. Further, I de-fined the responsibilities of each of the agents (e.g., designing the user interface for a user interface designer). Additionally, I presented how UXD could be beneficial or harmful, and I used this knowledge to discuss how disposition to virtuous behavior could lead to more ethical, and avoid unethical, UXD.
The result of the thesis are guidelines, presenting concrete examples of how each of the agents, being disposed to virtuous behavior, could contribute to a more eth-ical UXD. The final thoughts will later be published on a collaborative website that would invite other experts from the field to contribute
Comparison of micro-phenomenology and constructivist grounded theory analysis
Get PDFIn the master thesis I am comparing micro-phenomenological and constructivist grounded theory. I start with the presuppositions that gathering and analysis of data in qualitative research are not epistemological neutral processes and that the methodological and analytical research decisions we make influence our understanding of the research phenomena (Mills idr., 2006a; 2006b; Vogrinc, 2008). Hence, I am investigating how do epistemological presuppositions of both methods influence the analysis and the formation of results. Combining theoretical descriptions of micro-phenomenology and constructivist grounded theory analysis and applying them on the same data set – descriptions of experience of solving visual-spatial working memory task – with the reflection of my analytical work, allows me to define the epistemological presuppositions of both methods and how they are reflected in the analysis process and derived results. Presupposition comparison shows that micro-phenomenology is much more detailed when defining what experience is, which plays a significant role primarily in the first step of the analysis when determining what is not and what is suitable for further analysis. Nevertheless, both methods share some presuppositions, reflected in some of the similarities within the results formed using both methods. The differences in the results are due to both the specific analytical “path” I took as well as some of the presuppositions about lived experience that, in contrast to constructivist grounded theory, micro-phenomenology accepts. My work contributes to better understanding of the results formed with micro-phenomenology and constructivist grounded theory: I described the epistemological foundations of both methods and showed how do they – in a form of demands, that the researcher recognizes – reflect in the process of analysis and in results
Palaeolithic toolmaking and the evolution of cognition and language
No full textThis paper reviews in short the current research on the hypothesis of coevolution between Palaeolithic stone tool manufacture on one side, and cognition and specifically language on the other. Of particular interest are behavioral and neuroimaging studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Lecture slides and study materials for the course Learning and knowledge creation - from brain to experience (2021/2022)
Get PDFThe course offers an interdisciplinary overview of the main perspectives on the human
mind and related views on knowledge creation and learning, drawing from various core
disciplines of cognitive science such as psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and empirical
phenomenology. It aims at revealing the connections between brain, experience and
learning to future teachers, lecturers and curious students
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