1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Setting up a novel preterm rabbit bronchopulmonary dysplasia multi-hit model of perinatal injury
No full textLa displasia broncopolmonare (BPD) è una malattia polmonare cronica che colpisce i neonati prematuri compromettendo lo sviluppo del loro sistema respiratorio. La BPD è il risultato di molteplici fattori, tra cui influenze prenatali come infiammazione, comportamento materno, corticosteroidi antenatali, condizioni ambientali e predisposizione genetica, oltre a fattori postnatali quali ventilazione meccanica, eccesso di ossigeno, infezioni e nutrizione inadeguata. Tutti questi elementi incidono sull'alveolarizzazione, sulla struttura delle vie aeree e sullo sviluppo vascolare polmonare. I modelli animali di BPD sono fondamentali per studiare questa patologia complessa. I conigli pretermine nati a 28 giorni di gestazione ed esposti a livelli elevati di ossigeno (95% o 70%) sviluppano rispettivamente fenotipi di BPD grave o lieve. Tuttavia, una limitazione di questi due modelli è che includono solo due fattori – prematurità ed esposizione all’ossigeno – mentre la BPD negli esseri umani è influenzata da molte altre variabili. Alla luce di ciò, il mio progetto di dottorato mira a estendere il valore traslazionale di questi modelli iperossici di coniglio pretermine, sviluppando un modello animale con caratteristiche che rappresentassero meglio il quadro clinico. Sono stati testati la sepsi postnatale, il weaning graduale e improvviso dall'ossigeno, i corticosteroidi antenatali, il ritardo della crescita intrauterina (IUGR) e la corioamnionite (CA). La sepsi postnatale è stata indotta mediante iniezioni di LPS nei giorni postnatali (PND) 3 e 5, in combinazione con l’esposizione al 70% di ossigeno per 14 giorni. Il protocollo di weaning graduale prevedeva 7 giorni di esposizione al 95% di ossigeno, seguiti da una riduzione progressiva della concentrazione fino al 21% entro il giorno 14. Nel protocollo di weaning improvviso, i conigli pretermine sono stati esposti al 70% di ossigeno per 14 giorni, seguiti da un passaggio immediato al 21% fino al giorno 21.
Per quanto riguarda gli insulti prenatali, il betametasone, un corticosteroide, è stata somministrata alle coniglie gravide 48 e 24 ore prima del parto prematuro. Successivamente, i conigli prematuri sono stati esposti al 21% o al 70% di ossigeno per 14 giorni. L’IUGR è stato indotto somministrando L-NG-Nitroarginina Metil Estere (L-NAME), un inibitore selettivo della sintasi dell’ossido nitrico, a coniglie gravide dal giorno gestazionale 24 al 27, e i conigli nati prematuri sono stati poi esposti al 21% o al 70% di ossigeno per 14 giorni. Infine, la CA è stata indotta tramite iniezioni intra-amniotiche di LPS alle coniglie gravide nel giorno gestazionale 25, e i conigli prematuri sono stati esposti al 50% di ossigeno per 7 giorni. La maggior parte di questi protocolli (sepsi postnatale, svezzamento graduale e improvviso dall'ossigeno e IUGR) sono stati interrotti a causa dell’elevata mortalità durante la sessione sperimentale, mentre la CA si è dimostrata la più promettente. In particolare, la somministrazione di LPS 2,5 μg/sacco ai conigli prematuri ha causato restrizione della crescita fetale alla nascita, compromissioni strutturali polmonari e disregolazione di marcatori chiave legati allo sviluppo alveolare, all’infiammazione e allo stress ossidativo. È interessante notare che, nonostante questi esiti avversi, l’LPS ha anche migliorato la funzionalità polmonare, come indicato dai livelli aumentati di SFTPC. Sono quindi necessari ulteriori studi per comprendere appieno gli effetti a breve e lungo termine della CA indotta da LPS sullo sviluppo polmonare nei conigli prematuri.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects premature infants and impairs their respiratory development. BPD results from multiple factors, including prenatal influences such as inflammation, maternal behavior, antenatal corticosteroids, environmental conditions, and genetic predisposition, as well as from postnatal factors such as mechanical ventilation, excess oxygen, infection and inadequate nutrition. All of these factors affect alveolarization, airway structure and pulmonary vascular development. Animal models of BPD are essential for studying this complex pathology. Preterm rabbits born at 28 days gestation and exposed to high oxygen levels (95% or 70%) develop either severe or mild BPD phenotypes, respectively. However, a limitation of these two models is that they only include two factors - prematurity and oxygen exposure - whereas BPD in humans involves additional influences. Based on this, my PhD project aimed to extend the translational value of these hyperoxic preterm rabbit models to obtain an animal model with additional perinatal features that better mimic the clinical scenario. Several hits were tested, such as postnatal sepsis, gradual oxygen weaning, abrupt oxygen weaning, antenatal corticosteroids, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and chorioamnionitis (CA). Postnatal sepsis was induced by LPS injections on postnatal day (PND) 3 and 5, combined with 70% O2 exposure for 14 days. The gradual weaning protocol consisted of 7 days of exposure to 95% O2, followed by a progressive reduction in oxygen concentration to 21% O2 by day 14. In the abrupt weaning protocol, preterm rabbits were exposed to 70% O2 for 14 days, followed by an immediate switch to 21% O2 until day 21. Regarding prenatal insults, betamethasone, a corticosteroid, was administered to pregnant rabbits 48 and 24 hours before premature delivery. Subsequently, premature rabbits were exposed to either 21% O2 or 70% O2 for 14 days. IUGR was induced by administering L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), a selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, to pregnant rabbits from gestational days 24 to 27, and the preterm offspring was subsequently exposed to either 21% O2 or 70% O2 for 14 days. Lastly, CA was induced by intra-amniotic injections of LPS to pregnant rabbits on gestational day 25, and preterm rabbits were exposed to 50% O2 for 7 days. Several of these protocols (i.e., postnatal sepsis, gradual and abrupt oxygen weaning, and IUGR) were discontinued due to high mortality within the experimental session, and only the CA seemed the most promising. Specifically, the administration of 2.5 μg/sac of LPS to preterm rabbits resulted in fetal growth restriction at birth, lung structural impairments, and dysregulation of key markers related to alveolar development, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, despite these adverse outcomes, LPS also improved lung function, as indicated by increased SFTPC mRNA levels. Thus, further studies are needed to fully understand the short- and long-term effects of LPS-induced CA on lung development in preterm rabbits
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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