55 research outputs found
THE SEMIRIGID BENDER AND INTERNAL ISOMERIZATION OF HCN TO CNH
No full text S.C. Ross and P.R. Bunker, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 101, 199-211 (1983).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of AlbertThe semirigid bender model has previously been used to study the stretching-bending vibrational levels of HCN, allowing for the internal isomerization of HCN into CNH (1). This model has now been extended to allow for the overall rotation of the molecule. The results of a fitting to the experimentally observed stretching-bending and bending-rotation levels of HCN and CNH are described
Lie detection: Cognitive Processes
No full textHow do we make decisions when we are uncertain? In more real-world settings there is often a vast array of information available to guide the decision, from an understanding of the social situation, to prior beliefs and experience, to information available in the current environment. Yet much of the research into uncertain decision-making has typically studied the process by isolating it from this rich source of information that decision-makers usually have available to them. This thesis takes a different approach. To explore how decisions are made under uncertainty in more real-world settings, this thesis considers how raters decide if someone is lying or telling the truth. Because people are skilled liars, there is little information available to make a definitive decision. How do raters negotiate the ambiguous environment to reach a decision? Raters show a truth bias, which is to say they judge statements as truthful more often than they are so. Recent research has begun to consider dual process theories, suggesting there are two routes for processing information. They claim the truth bias results from an error-prone processing route, but that a more effortful and analytical processing route may overcome it. I will generate a set of testable hypotheses that arise from the dual process position and show that the theory does not stand up to the test. The truth bias can be better explained as resulting from a single process that attempts to make the most 3 informed guess despite being uncertain. To make the informed guess, raters come to rely on context-relevant information when the behaviour of the speaker is not sufficiently diagnostic. An adaptive decision maker position is advocated. I propose the truth bias is an emergent property of making the best guess. That is, in a different context where speakers may be expected to lie, a bias towards disbelieving should be seen. I argue context-dependency is key to understanding decision-making under uncertainty
SIMULATED ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF HCN AND CNH OBTAINED WITH THE SEMIRIGID BENDER MODEL
No full textAuthor Institution: Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council Ottawa. Ontario; Department of Physics, Carleton University Ottawa, OntarioThe Semirigid Bender (SRB) model has been used to study the complete internal rotation of HCN into CNH for both the ground and first excited electronic states. The bending potential functions of these two states were obtained by fitting the SRB model to experimentally observed vibrationa1 energies and by incorporating various ab initio results where experimental data was lacking. The SRB wavefunctions obtained from these potential functions, combined with wave functions for the stretching vibrations, were then used to simulate the electronic spectra for both HCN and CNH
Near-infrared light-boosted antimicrobial activity of minocycline/hyaluronan/carbon nanohorn composite toward peri-implantitis treatments
No full textDental implant therapy is a reliable treatment for replacing missing teeth. However, as dental implants become more widely used, peri-implantitis increasingly has become a severe complication, making successful treatment more difficult. As a result, the development of effective drug delivery systems (DDSs) and treatments for peri-implantitis are urgently needed. Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) are carbon nanomaterials that have shown promise for use in DDSs and have photothermal effects. The present study exploited the unique properties of CNHs to develop a phototherapy employing a near-infrared (NIR) photoresponsive composite of minocycline, hyaluronan, and CNH (MC/HA/CNH) for peri-implantitis treatments. MC/HA/CNH demonstrated antibacterial effects that were potentiated by NIR-light irradiation, a property that was mediated by photothermal-mediated drug release from HA/CNH. These antibacterial effects persisted even following 48 h of dialysis, a promising indication for the clinical use of this material. We propose that the treatment of peri-implantitis using NIR and MC/HA/CNH, in combination with surgical procedures, might be employed to target relatively deep affected areas in a timely and efficacious manner. We envision that this innovative approach will pave the way for future developments in implant therapy. A near-infrared responsive composite material (MC/HA/CNH) was developed for the treatment of peri-implantitis. The MC/HA/CNH showed enhanced antimicrobial effect by near-infrared light irradiation, which lasted for 48 hours
THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF DIFLUOROMETHANIMINE.
No full textAuthor Institution: FB 9, Anorganische Chemie, Gesamthochschule Wuppertal; Physikalisch-Chemisches Institute, Justus Liebig Universit\""{a}t.The rotational spectrum of diflouromethanimine. , has been observed for the first time. In the region from 16 to 40 GHz 99 strong b-type transitions belonging to the branches bR*** and bQ***, and 4 weak a-type transitions belonging to the aQ*** branch have been assigned. Most of the observed rotational lines show the effects of the nuclear quadrupole interaction due to the ***N nucleus. All assigned 103 transitions could be fitted to Watson's Hamiltonian with A-reduction in the ***-axis representation. The preliminary spectroscopic constants are: , and . These results confirm the assumption that F2CNH is a planar oblate asymmetric rotor molecule having C*** symmetry with asymmetry parameters and , respectively. Further measurements in the millimeter wave region and the analysis of the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure of the individual rotational lines for F2CNH will be reported at the meeting
Stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanohorns loaded with minocycline and exhibiting antibacterial activity
No full textThis work demonstrates that certain medically-approved drugs possess dual functions such that they exhibit intrinsic drug effects and can assist in dispersing carbon nanomaterials. Two types of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) (unoxidized: as-CNH, oxidized: CNHox550) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully dispersed in aqueous solutions using minocycline (MC) as a dispersant. Absorption spectra, thermogravimetric analyses and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the MC was attached to the CNHs in these dispersions. The antibacterial activities of these MC/CNH complexes were examined using Streptcoccus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and the MC/as-CNH complex was found to maintain the same bacterial growth inhibition activity as the original MC. Electron microscopy observations suggested direct contact of the MC/CNH complexes with the bacteria, presumably allowing delivery of the MC. The results obtained from our study demonstrate that drug/nanocarbon complexes have potential applications in drug delivery
THE ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF THE , , AND IONS
No full textAuthor Institution: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University; Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of BaselThe rotational spectra of the and ions have been observed for the first time in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave (FTM) spectroscopy. Precise values of the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were determined for all three ions, and quadrupole hyperfine structure was observed in and . It was found that eQq for the inner nitrogen atom in and is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the terminal nitrogen atom in most polyatomic molecules of this size. The narrow-line FTM spectra reveal that the ions move with essentially the same velocity as the neutral buffer gas in the supersonic beam; there is no evidence for excess broadening of the rotational lines of the ions with respect to those of the neutrals. The abundances of the ions here are sufficiently high to be detectable by present laser techniques
Exploring the movement dynamics of deception
No full textBoth the science and the everyday practice of detecting a lie rest on the same assumption: hidden cognitive states that the liar would like to remain hidden nevertheless influence observable behavior. This assumption has good evidence. The insights of professional interrogators, anecdotal evidence, and body language textbooks have all built up a sizeable catalog of non-verbal cues that have been claimed to distinguish deceptive and truthful behavior. Typically, these cues are discrete, individual behaviors—a hand touching a mouth, the rise of a brow—that distinguish lies from truths solely in terms of their frequency or duration. Research to date has failed to establish any of these non-verbal cues as a reliable marker of deception. Here we argue that perhaps this is because simple tallies of behavior can miss out on the rich but subtle organization of behavior as it unfolds over time. Research in cognitive science from a dynamical systems perspective has shown that behavior is structured across multiple timescales, with more or less regularity and structure. Using tools that are sensitive to these dynamics, we analyzed body motion data from an experiment that put participants in a realistic situation of choosing, or not, to lie to an experimenter. Our analyses indicate that when being deceptive, continuous fluctuations of movement in the upper face, and somewhat in the arms, are characterized by dynamical properties of less stability, but greater complexity. For the upper face, these distinctions are present despite no apparent differences in the overall amount of movement between deception and truth. We suggest that these unique dynamical signatures of motion are indicative of both the cognitive demands inherent to deception and the need to respond adaptively in a social context. - See more at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00140/abstract#sthash.hvDiQ3Bb.dpu
Coupled nature-human (CNH) systems : generic aspects of human interactions with blooms of Florida Red Tide (Karenia brevis) and implications for policy responses
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae, Volume 2: Biological Effects and Risk Management, edited by Gian Paolo Rossini, :502-537. CRC Press, 2014. ISBN: 9781482231465.Coupled nature-human (CNH) systems are now the focus of a growing number of interdisciplinary re-search programs worldwide (Liu et al. 2007a). As implied by the term “coupled,” these systems involve interactions between nature and humans, often affecting the dynamic characteristics of each component. Natural and social scientists supported by the US National Science Foundation and other research sponsors are engaged in developing a deeper understanding of these dynamics, focusing on the linkages and feedbacks affecting the trajectories of coupled system behavior.
Human interactions with natural hazards, such as volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, major storms, floods, droughts, forest fires, tornadoes, soil erosion, mudslides, sink holes, avalanches, lightning strikes, among many others, often involve such couplings. Indeed, economists who specialize in catastrophes have long defined natural hazards as comprising a process of joint production (Russell 1970, Zeckhauser 1996). Without a human presence, a natural hazard cannot impose impacts that can be measured or felt in socio-economic or other terms. In some instances, humans may contribute to the occurrence of a hazard or influence its frequency, scale, intensity, or duration. Even when humans do not cause or exacerbate a hazard, they may suffer its adverse effects, and there may be actions that can be taken to mitigate them.
This chapter focuses on a specific type of hazard-human coupling relating to coastal blooms of toxic marine algae, often referred to as harmful algal blooms (HABs). Specifically, we draw examples primari-ly from human interactions with blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis from the Gulf of Mexico. Humans interact with marine algae in many ways, and the great majority of such interactions are pos-itive and beneficial. Because primary productivity drives oceanic ecosystems from the bottom up, algae provide a critical, but mostly unquantified and often unappreciated, ecosystem service to humans. Even toxic dinoflagellates such as K. brevis may serve a beneficial ecological role in terms of primary productivity and nutrient cycling (Vargo et al. 1987).This research was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation under NSF Grant No. 1009106 (CNH)
Current street tree communities reflect race-based housing policy and modern attempts to remedy environmental injustice
No full textHumans promote and inhibit other species on the urban landscape, shaping biodiversity patterns. Institutional racism may underlie the distribution of urban species by creating disproportionate resources in space and time. Here, we examine whether present-day street tree occupancy, diversity, and composition in Baltimore, MD, USA, neighborhoods reflect their 1937 classification into grades of loan risk—from most desirable (A = green) to least desirable (D = “redlined”)—using racially discriminatory criteria. We find that neighborhoods that were redlined have consistently lower street tree α-diversity and are nine times less likely to have large (old) trees occupying a viable planting site. Simultaneously, redlined neighborhoods were locations of recent tree planting activities, with a high occupancy rate of small (young) trees. However, the community composition of these young trees exhibited lower species turnover and reordering across neighborhoods compared to those in higher grades, due to heavy reliance on a single tree species. Overall, while the negative effects of redlining remain detectable in present-day street tree communities, there are clear signs of recent investment. A strategy of planting diverse tree cohorts paired with investments in site rehabilitation and maintenance may be necessary if cities wish to overcome ecological feedbacks associated with legacies of environmental injustice.We thank N. Randolph and C. Murphy for their expertise on Baltimore's trees and E. Anderson and two thoughtful reviewers for constructive feedback. This work was supported by NSF DEB 1855277, NSF CNH-2 1924288, and USDA-NIFA 2021-67013-33619. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or US Government determination or policy.https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.388
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