1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
In Situ Thermal Annealing and Growth Investigations on III/V Semiconductor Materials
No full textIn order to handle toxic and phyrophoric precursors inside a TEM and therefore facilitate group V stabilized thermal annealing experiments, significant changes of the original in situ system (designed and produced by Protochips) are necessary. To further ensure safely when storing and transfering the precursors gases from the storage container to the manifold, a home made gas storage locker was built. Moreover, to prevent any type of contamination and ensure no precursor distributes into the air, the locker and the manifold form a closed system in which ultra pure N2 is used as a carrier and purge gas. If necessary it is possible to switch to pure Ar or a ArH2 (4%H2) mixture as carrier and purge gas. The home made gas storage locker provides three ports on the group III and group V side, respectively. These ports are mainly for the precursor container but can also be used to connect gas bottles if other purge and carrier gases are needed. All connections in the gas storage locker are welded where possible. If necessary, vacuum coupling radiation
(VCR) metal gasket face seals with silver-plated stainless steel seals are used. To ensure that no toxic gases are released into the environment, a mini absorber is installed in the exhaust pipe. To take fire safety into account the locker complies with DIN 12925. This means that it is fire safe and that all openings close automatically in case of a fire inside the locker. Furthermore, an external ventilation system ensures that no toxic gases are released into the air. To further ensure safety during the whole process of gas transfer to the manifold and during the experiment, the systems are monitored by gas sensors.
To be able to investigate cross-sectional samples of metal organic vapor phase (MOVPE) grown crystalline structures under atomic resolution condition inside the in situ cell holder which has just single tilt capabilities, it is necessary to deposit a electron transparent focussed ion beam (FIB) lamella precisely perpendicular to its zone axis on the thermal e-chip. To realize this geometry a reproducible FIB preparation technique was developed, which results in a partial electron transparent lamella perfectly aligned perpendicular to the selected zone axis. Moreover, the electron transparent part of the lamella is well protected between the thicker areas which prevent bending of the area of interest during the thermal treatment. The first performance checks prove that it is possible to achieve atomic resolution due to the accurate FIB preparation presented in this work.
To check the functionality of the system and prove that it is possible to investigate groupV stabilized thermal annealing processes under high resolution condition, two annealing series of a Ga(N,As,P) sample were performed. During the first series N2 was present in the in situ holder, while the second series of measurements were carried out in a tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) environment. The sample annealed in a TBP environment shows favorable thermal stability up to 500 ◦C compared to the unstabilized sample, which begins to degrade at less than 300◦C. Subsequent data analysis was able to track the P desorption from the material by measuring the thickness of the sample during thermal annealing with and without stabilization. This analysis enables the possibility to calculate and compare the activation energy (EA) of the P for the unstabilized and group V stabilized thermal annealing treatment.
Further investigation on the initial Bi cluster formation temperature and the cluster characteristic in terms of cluster size and formation time is determined by analysing the intensity distribution within Ga(P,Bi) layers with different fractions of Bi for three tem- perature series covering the MOVPE growth temperature regime. Due to the possibilities of the developed setup and the gained knowledge from the P desorption experiments on Ga(N,As,P), it was possible to study the dynamic Bi clustering processes in an environment which ensures that the results are not distorted by any destructive behavior of the crystal during the thermal treatment.
In addition to the group V stabilized thermal annealing experiment, GaP growth on Si was also investigated in the framework of this thesis. For these experiments facetted Si nanoparticles served as the Si substrate. By annealing the particle in an ArSiH4 (4 % SiH4) environment at 1000◦C for one hour, it was possible to remove the amorphous SiOx shell around the crystalline core. These first results prove that it is possible to grow GaP on Si inside the in situ cell; nevertheless, the growth parameters need further investigation to enable high quality growth of GaP on Si under high resolution conditions.Um die Möglichkeit zu schaffen, in das von Protochips entwickelte in situ System toxische und luftentzündliche Precursor Gase einzuleiten, und damit Gruppe V stabilisierte Experimente durchführen zu können, ist es nötig, einige weitreichende Modifikationen vorzunehmen. Um die sichere Lagerung und den reibungsfreien Transport der Precursor Gase zum manifold zu gewährleisten, wurde das bestehende System um einen Gasschrank erweitert. Um jegliche Kontamination der Leitungen durch Sauerstoff zu vermeiden und um sicherzustellen, dass sich die Precursor Gase nicht in der Raumluft ausbreiten, bilden die beiden Systeme eine geschlossene Einheit, in der hoch reiner N2 als Träger- und Reinigungsgas benutzt wird. Falls nötig, besteht die Möglichkeit, pures Ar oder ein ArH2 (4% H2) Gemisch als Träger- und Reinigungsgas zu benutzen. Der Gasschrank besitzt jeweils drei Anschlussmöglichkeiten für Gruppe III und Gruppe V Precursor Gase. Diese Anschlüsse können, falls nötig, auch für Gasflaschen genutzt werden um weitere Träger- und Reinigungsgase ins System einzuleiten. Soweit wie möglich wurden alle Verbindungen im Gasschrank geschweißt. An Stellen, an denen dies nicht möglich war, wurde die sichere Verbindung mittels vacuum coupling radiation (VCR) Metalldichtungen mit Silberbeschichtung hergestellt. Um sicherzustellen, dass keinerlei giftige Gase über die Abgasanlage in die Umwelt entweichen können, wird das Abgas mithilfe eines mini Absorber gereinigt. Um den Brandschutzverordnungen genüge zu tragen, erfüllt der Gasschrank DIN 12925. Das bedeutet, dass er feuerfest ist und sich alle Öffnungen im Falle eines Brandes automatisch schließen. Des Weiteren werden alle Räume, in denen sich Teile des Aufbaus befinden, durch Gassensoren überwacht. Die atomar aufgelöste in situ Untersuchung von single kristallinen Proben, die mittels metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) gewachsen wurden, eröffnet viele neue Möglichkeiten. Da momentan gängige in situ Halter nur um eine Achse kippbar sind, muss die Präparation und Positionierung der focussed ion beam (FIB) Lamelle jedoch so erfolgen, dass die vorab gewählte Zonenachse perfekt parallel zum Strahlengang des Mikroskops ausgerichtet wird. Dies zu bewerkstelligen war ein Teil dieser Arbeit. Dabei wurde der elektronentransparente Teil der FIB Lamella so präpariert, dass er perfekt senkrecht zur ausgewählten Zonenachse ist und zudem von drei Seiten von dickerem Material stabilisiert ist. Diese Stabilisierung verhindert, dass sich der elektronentransparente Teil der FIB Lamella unter Einfluss von Hitze verbiegt. In einer ersten Studie wurde die Funktionalität der Präparationstechnik bestätigt.
Nachdem sich die entwickelte Präparationstechnik als Erfolg erwiesen hat, wurde in zwei weiteren Heizexperimenten die Funktionalität der Precursor Gas Einbringung in die in situ Zelle getestet. Hierfür wurde eine Ga(N,As,P) Probe einmal ohne Gruppe V Stabilisierung und einmal mit Gruppe V Stabilisierung thermisch geheizt, und die beiden Serien anschließend miteinander verglichen. Während die Probe, die in einer Gruppe V stabilisierenden Tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) atmosphere geheizt wurde, bis zu einer Temperatur von ca. 500◦C keinerlei Beschädigung zeigte, begann sich die ohne Stabil- isierung geheizte Vergleichsprobe schon bei ca. 300◦C aufzulösen. Im weiteren Verlauf dieser Untersuchung wurde noch über die Dickenänderung der Probe die Abdampfrate von P in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur und des TBP Drucks bestimmt und abschließend die Diffusion von As aus der Ga(N,As,P) Schicht in das umgebende GaP ermittelt. Die dadurch gewonnenen Messdaten ermöglichten es, eine Aktivierungsenergie (EA) für P in Abhängigkeit der Stabilisierung zu errechnen.
Mit Hilfe von Untersuchungen an Ga(P,Bi) Strukturen mit unterschiedlichen Bi An- teilen sollte die Initialisierungstemperatur, ab welcher das vorhandene Bi anfängt, sich zu akkumulieren, ermittelt werden. Dank der vorausgegangenen Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Gruppe V Stabilisierung konnte der Einfluss von P desorption im untersuchten Temper- aturbereich ausgeschlossen werden. Somit war es möglich, den dynamischen Prozess der Bi Akkumulation in situ zu beobachten.
Zusätzlich zu den Gruppe V stabilisierten Heizexperimenten wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit auch das Wachstum von GaP auf Si untersucht. Für diese Experimente dienten facettierte Si Nanopartikel als Si Substrat. Durch das thermische Ausheizen der Par- tikel bei 1000 ◦C in einem ArSiH4 (4 % SiH4) Gemisch war es möglich, den amorphen SiOx Mantel um den kristallinen Kern der Partikel zu entfernen. Diese ersten Ergebnisse bestätigen die Vermutung, dass eine Untersuchung von GaP Wachstum auf Si in situ unter hoch aufgelösten Bedingungen möglich sein muss. Gleichwohl benötigt es noch weitere Untersuchungen bezüglich der Wachstumsparameter um dies zu bewerkstelligen
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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