1,720,953 research outputs found
Tamed or traded : exploring the contrasting depictions of animals in advertising
No full textHeutzutage begegnen wir Tieren nicht nur im realen Leben, sondern auch in den Medien. Besonders häufig kommen sie in Werbespots vor, wo sie eine zentrale Rolle dabei spielen, das Konsumverhalten der Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen positiv zu beeinflussen. In diesen Werbungen gibt es jedoch einen deutlichen Unterschied in der Darstellung von Haustieren und Nutztieren. Diese Masterarbeit untersucht, wie Tiere in Werbungen untschiedlich dargestellt werden und erforscht die Methoden, anhand welcher die Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen davon überzeugt werden, dass es in Ordnung ist, Tiere unterschiedlich zu behandeln. Die Forschungsfrage, die sich daraus ergibt, lautet wie folgt: Wie wird die generelle Annahme, dass Haustiere und Nutztiere unterschiedliche Behandlung verdienen, durch Werbungen gefestigt? Um eben diese Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurde eine qualitative Studie durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden acht Werbespots untersucht, von denen die Hälfte Haustiere und die andere Hälfte Nutztiere zeigt. Die Analyse konzentrierte sich vorallem auf den Inhalt der Werbung, auf audio-visuelle Aspekte und auf die Funktionen und Symbole der Tiere. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Werbetreibende eine Vielzahl an Methoden verwenden, um die unterschiedliche Behandlung der Tiere rechtzufertigen und zu kaschieren. Dabei spielen die verwendete Sprache und das Setting des Werbespots eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Wahrnehmung der Zuschauer und Zuschauerinnen. Zudem ist Anthropomorphismus eine gängige Methode, um Empathie für Haustiere zu wecken, während gleichzeitig eine Distanz zu Nutztieren geschaffen wird. Diese Distanz kann zusätzlich durch die Verspottung verstärkt werden. Ein weitere Methode um den Fleischkonsum rechtzufertigen, ist die Darstellung, dass Fleisch zu konsumieren ein sehr männliches und sozial akzeptiertes Verhalten ist. Auffallend bei solchen Werbungen ist jedoch, dass das eigentliche Tier nie gezeigt wird, wodurch es zum ‚absent referent‘ wird. Letztendlich werden Nutztiere auch ihrer Individualität beraubt. Während Haustiere oft eigenständige Charaktere sind, werden Nutztiere nur als homogene Masse dargestellt.Nowadays, we encounter animals not only in real life but also in the media. Animals are especially common in advertisements, where they play a key role in influencing consumer behavior. However, there is a distinct contrast in how pets and farm animals are portrayed in these commercials. This research examines how animals are represented in commercial clips and investigates the strategies used by advertisers to convince viewers that it is acceptable to treat animals differently. Therefore, the following research question is posed: How do commercials reinforce the general assumption that pets and farm animals deserve different treatment?In order to answer the research question, a qualitative study was conducted. Eight sample commercials were analyzed, with four featuring pets and four showcasing farm animals. The analysis focused on various aspects, including the content, audio-visual elements, as well as functions and symbols of animals. The findings indicate that commercial producers employ a variety of strategies to either justify or conceal the different treatment of animals. Among these, the language used and the setting of the commercial play a significant role in shaping viewers' perceptions. Additionally, anthropomorphism is used to evoke empathy for pets, while fostering a sense of detachment towards farm animals. Mockery also serves to create distance from farm animals. Another method to justify meat consumption is the portrayal of eating meat as a very masculine and socially accepted behavior. However, it is noteworthy that the actual animal in meat commercials is never shown, making it an ‘absent referent’. Lastly, while pets are typically portrayed as individuals with distinct personalities, farm animals are stripped of their individuality, often depicted as part of a homogeneous mass with no unique characteristics.Lisa StrasseggerLiteraturverzeichnis: Blätter 48-50Masterarbeit Universität Graz 2025Zusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und Englisc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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