1,720,952 research outputs found
Introduction to property theory - the fundamental theorems
Get PDFThe market system consists of a price mechanism, built on the foundation of a system of property, and contract. In many developing, and transition economies, the market system functions poorly. In many cases, if not most, the malfunctioning is not simply in the price system (for example, anti-competitive activities), but in the underlying property system (such as contracts being breached, and externalities in the sense of transfers not covered by contracts). Economic theory tends to take the functioning of the system of property, and contract for granted, and focuses on the operation of the price mechanism. Property theory focuses on the underlying system of property, and contract. In this paper, the author inaugurates the mathematical treatment of property theory.In contrast with earlier work in"law and economics", and the"new institutional economics", this approach uses principles drawn from jurisprudence, and does not attempt to reduce"law"to"economics"in the sense of efficiency considerations, such as the minimization of transaction costs. The main results are the two fundamental theorems of property theory that are analogous to the two fundamental theorems of price theory that, in essence, state that: 1) A competitive equilibrium is Pareto optimal. 2) Given a Pareto optimal state, there exists a set of prices such, that a competitive equilibrium at those prices would realize that Pareto optimal state.Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Housing and Land,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Municipal Housing and Land,Land and Real Estate Development
Legal matters related to structural damage in the Netherlands
Get PDFWhen structural damage occurs and disputes arise, forensic engineers have to search for the causes of this damage to find out who can be held liable for it. Legal systems must provide an adequate, reasonable, effective and complete way to solve these disputes. Each country has its own system with advantages and disadvantages. This paper provides an overview of the Dutch legal system concerning liability, dispute resolution and insurances. These themes will be illustrated by quantitative research data, a comparison between the Netherlands and England and by discussing advantages and disadvantages of rules, such as reasonableness and influences on structural safety. In this way, the aim is to share knowledge and contribute to the discussion regarding the legal and judicial framework relating to structural damage.Structural EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Qualitative social research in addictions publishing: Creating an enabling journal environment.
Get PDFQuantitative analysis of chloroplast protein targeting
Get PDFThis thesis presents the first use of the Partition of Unity Method in quantifying
the spatio-temporal dynamics of a fluorescent protein targeted to
the chloroplast twin-arginine translocation pathway.
The fluorescence loss in photobleaching technique is applied in a modified
fashion to the measurement of substrate mobilities in the chloroplast
stroma. Our in vivo results address the two suggested protein targeting
mechanisms of membrane-binding before lateral movement to the translocon
and direct binding to the translocon.
A high performance computing C/C++ implementation of the Partition
of Unity Method is used to perform simulations of fluoresence loss
in photobleaching and allow a compelling comparison to photobleaching
data series. The implementation is both mesh-free and particle-less
Integrating linguistic structure, content, and communicative practice into post-secondary Indigenous language curriculum: Now what?
No full textAs part of comprehensive language revitalization strategies many North American Indigenous communities are partnering with post-secondary institutions to offer language courses and programs. Teaching Indigenous languages shares similar challenges to those facing second language teaching of dominant languages and has led to development of pedagogical models like Master-Apprentice Program (e.g., Hinton 2002) and Accelerated Second Language Learning (Greymorning, 2005, 2010), both created to support revitalization of Indigenous North American languages. Despite the increase in pedagogical models for teaching Indigenous languages, little research has focused directly on post-secondary Indigenous language curriculum (cf. Miyashita and Chatsis 2013, Suina 2004, Leap 1991). In this paper, we contribute to Indigenous Second Language research by outlining factors taken into consideration and responses developed by a language curriculum team in British Columbia, Canada for Indigenous Language Revitalization programs offered in community-post-secondary institution partnerships. We consider how Indigenous language curriculum can integrate language structures, appropriate cultural and language content, and communicative practice through task-based and focus-on-form techniques.
The programs under discussion are composed of Certificate and Bachelor's degrees in Indigenous Language Revitalization, including 12 language-learning courses spanning four years of post-secondary training. To develop Indigenous language curriculum we considered: 1) curriculum needing to be useable for various languages and dialects within different language families; 2) instructors with varying degrees of formal training in teaching methods; 3) students with significantly different previous exposure to their Indigenous language; 4) needing to respond to local ways of knowing, teaching, and being (Western Canadian Protocol for Collaboration in Basic Education, 2000); 5) varying accessibility of language documentation; 6) university expectations for language teaching and outcomes; 7) requests from instructors and community-partners for clear curriculum and defined outcomes.
In our paper we describe the process undertaken in curriculum development, illustrating the main features of the resulting Indigenous Language Teachers' Package, which includes a Teachers' Guide, Scope and Sequence Samples, Class Activities Samples and Feedback-Assessment Samples. We demonstrate how we responded to the varying factors and needs by developing course-shells allowing for a task-based (Nunan 1989) communicative curriculum. This type of curriculum provides teachers the possibility of flexibly integrating grammatical structures through focus-on-form techniques (e.g., Nassaji 2000) into their classrooms while using different types of language documentation. Finally, we consider the extent to which our Teachers' Package has been useful for teachers, and how it has served and will serve as a basis for further curriculum development and its application.
References
Adley-Santa Maria, B. (1997). White Mountain Apache language: Issues in language
shift, textbook development, and Native speaker-university collaboration. In Reyhner, J. (ed) Teaching Indigenous Languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. Pp. 129-143.
Greymorning, S. (2005). Weaving the fibre for instruction and acquisition of North American Indigenous languages. In Te toi roa, Indigenous excellence: WIPCE Official Handbook (pp. 191). Hamilton, Aotearoa-New Zealand: The 7th World Indigenous Peoples' Conference on Education.
Greymorning, S. (2010). ASLA training workshop. SENĆOŦEN Department, Adult
Education Centre, WSÁNEĆ, BC, June 7–9.
Hinton, L. (2002) How to keep your language alive: A commonsense approach to one-
on-one language learning. Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books.
Leap, William. (1991). Pathways and barriers to Indian language literacy-building on the Northern Ute Reservation. Anthropology & Education Quarterly. (22)1, 21-41
Miyashita, M. and A. Chatsis (2013) Collaborative development of Blackfoot language
courses. LD&C 7. 302-330.
Nassaji, H. (2000). Towards integrating form-focused instruction and communicative interaction in the second language classroom: Some pedagogical possibilities. The Modern Language Journal (84)2:241-250.
Nunan, M. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge, University Press.
Suina, Joseph. (2004). Native language teachers in a struggle for language and cultural
survival. Anthropology & Education Quarterly (35)3. 281-302.
Western Canadian Protocol for Collaboration in Basic Education. (2000). The common curriculum framework for Aboriginal language and culture programs: Kindergarten to grade 12. Edmonton, AB: Author
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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