1,721,063 research outputs found
The economic and non-economic consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment in Germany and Europe
No full textKumulative Dissertation, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2019Job loss and unemployment are major social problems in modern market economies. Understanding their consequences is of key concern to the social sciences. Against this background, this cumulative thesis examines the economic and non-economic consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment in Germany and Europe. In addition to five articles, it contains an overview article which motivates the research questions, reviews the state of research and highlights the contributions of this thesis, develops a general theoretical model, presents the research designs, and summarizes the main findings before drawing conclusions.
The first article examines the impact of job losses on the careers of workers in Germany. I distinguish between displacements due to plant closures and job losses due to dismissals and analyze their short- and long-term effects on workers’ subsequent labor market statuses, labor incomes, and risks for non-standard employment. The results show that both events have lasting negative effects on employment, total labor incomes, earnings, and hourly wages and increase the risks of self-, part-time, and temporary employment.
The second article analyzes the effects of unemployment on non-monetary job quality in Europe. Taking a quantitative comparative perspective, I investigate to what extent the effects of unemployment on subsequent occupational status, autonomy, authority, and job security are moderated by countries’ economic situation and institutions, including active and passive labor market policies in addition to employment protection legislation. The findings reveal negative effects on all four facets of non-monetary job quality in most of the countries studied. However, I find no consistent empirical evidence for the moderating role of the economic situation and labor market policies.
In the third article, my co-author and I focus on the decisions of unemployed people when to accept or reject a job offer. Comparing an overeducated labor market re-entry with the situation of remaining unemployed and continuing the job search for adequate re-employment, we find that it increases unemployed individuals’ long-term employment chances. However, it also implies strong lock-in effects into overeducation for several years after re-employment.
In the fourth article, my co-authors and I focus on the non-economic consequences, investigating the long-term health effects of an early-career job loss. We find that job losses due to plant closures or layoffs have a lasting negative impact on health more than 30 years later. We also show that subsequent unemployment risks and employment instability only explain a small share of the total negative effects.
The fifth article highlights the interrelation between the career and family domains, examining the consequences of job loss for couples’ division of housework and total housework hours. My co-author and I show that increases in unemployed spouses’ total housework hours are not offset by decreases in partners’ time implying an expansion next to a reallocation. We also show larger increases in housework by unemployed men than women, although husbands spent more of their extra time on male-typed activities, whereas wives increase their hours more through routine chores. This article further reveals that couples react immediately to unemployment, challenging arguments that they need time to adapt or that men withdraw from housework the longer they remain non-employed.
In summary, the results presented in the five articles highlight the far-reaching consequences of job loss, unemployment, and inadequate re-employment for the careers and lives of workers, including their families
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Towards a Sociological Understanding of Mental Well being Among the Unemployed � s : The Role of Economic and Psychosocial Factors
No full textClassic research on unemployment and mental health has focused on the functions of employment. These functions are considered to be of equal importance for all unemployed. A critique of this perspective has been that it views the unemployed as passive and homogenous. Instead, an agency approach has been suggested, which focuses on the individual goals of the unem¬ployed. This paper develops and tests a model for understanding the differentiated mental conse¬quences of unemployment, which on a theoretical level integrates both the structural restrictions of the unemployment situation and the agency of the individual. The model is based on previous findings which indicate that mental well-being is dependent on the economic need for employment, on the one hand, and on the psychosocial need for employment, on the other hand. The model integrates both these aspects and results show that the combined effect is of central importance for the differentiated mental well-being of the unemployed. The analysis is based on a longitudinal survey of 3 500 randomly selected, unemployed Swedes.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Different exit routes from unemployment and their impact on mental well-being: the role of the economic situation and the predictability of the life course
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Varying unemployment experiences? [Elektronisk resurs] : the economy and mental well-being
No full textFrom being an unemployment success story, Sweden was during the 1990s thrown into a European normality, with apparent high and persistent unemployment. This has made unemployment a central issue in the Swedish public debate as a social problem directly affecting hundreds of thousands of individuals. In the public debate there is however no consensus on what characterises the experience of unemployment. One perspective emphasises the role of employment for self-realisation. Unemployment here becomes a very destructive experience, due to the psychosocial value attached to employment. An alternative perspective instead views employment as a necessary evil that brings little satisfaction to those who participate in it. From this perspective unemployment mean very little to those struck by it outside the possible negative effects on income (which are minimised by the welfare state).The objective of this thesis has been to move beyond the postulated truths of what the experience of unemployment means. It uses an empirical approach in order to investigate the consequences of unemployment for mental well-being, and to develop an understanding of the reasons for this relationship.The following conclusions can be drawn from the five articles that make up the thesis. In line with previous international and Swedish research, the thesis shows that unemployment as compared to employment is in general a distressing experience. This does however not mean that we can draw the simple conclusion that unemployment represents misery and employment represents the absence of misery. The thesis finds the relationship to be more complex than so. There is a need to take into account more of the possible variations in status available both on and outside the labour market. Different exit routes from unemployment were found to have different consequences for the mental well-being of the unemployed individual. Further, the evidence in the thesis shows that there is variation in the impact of unemployment on mental well-being within the unemployment group. We should, thus, not talk about the experience of unemployment, but rather about varying unemployment experiences.The general effect of unemployment on mental well-being, and the variation in the unemployment experience, was in turn shown to be mainly dependent on two factors. Firstly on the psychosocial need for employment in a society where employment is the norm. Secondly, on the economic need for employment in a society where employment, as the thesis also shows, for many still is necessary for adequate economic resources.</p
Sociologförbundet har ordet : Den (o)synliga sociologin
No full textSociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv</p
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