170,451 research outputs found
Pressure-induced leakage of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from diatom-bacteria aggregates
No full textModel diatom aggregates were produced from the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the natural microbial community of seawater collected in Oeresund (Stief et al. 2023), Central Arctic Ocean, and Japan Trench. S. marinoi was grown to stationary phase in L1 medium plus silicate (Guillard & Hargraves 1993) at 15°C under a light/dark regime of 14/10 h. The diatom aggregates were individually incubated at either atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa = control treatment) or at gradually increasing hydrostatic pressure (0.1-100 MPa = pressure treatment) throughout 20 days in darkness and at 3°C. The pressure treatment simulated the sinking of diatom-bacteria aggregates from the ocean surface down into a hadal trench of 10 km depth. Pressure-induced leakage of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was followed throughout the incubations. Ambient concentrations of different DOM components were measured: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), protein-like and humic-like DOM fluorescence
Intracavernous Calcitonin-gene Related Peptide Plus Prostaglandin E 1. Possible Alternative to Penile Implants in Selected Patients.
No full text
New Clinical Indications for (18)F/(11)C-choline, New Tracers for Positron Emission Tomography and a Promising Hybrid Device for Prostate Cancer Staging: A Systematic Review of the Literature
No full textCONTEXT
Radiolabelled choline positron emission tomography has changed the management of prostate cancer patients. However, new emerging radiopharmaceutical agents, like radiolabelled prostate specific membrane antigen, and new promising hybrid imaging will begin new challenges in the diagnostic field.
OBJECTIVE
The continuous evolution in nuclear medicine has led to the improvement in the detection of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa), particularly distant metastases. New horizons have been opened for radiolabelled choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) as a guide for salvage therapy or for the assessment of systemic therapies. In addition, new tracers and imaging tools have been recently tested, providing important information for the management of PCa patients. Herein we discuss: (1) the available evidence in literature on radiolabelled choline PET and their recent indications, (2) the role of alternative radiopharmaceutical agents, and (3) the advantages of a recent hybrid imaging device (PET/magnetic resonance imaging) in PCa.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Data from recently published (2010-2015), original articles concerning the role of choline PET/CT, new emerging radiotracers, and a new imaging device are analysed. This review is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
In the restaging phase, the detection rate of choline PET varies between 4% and 97%, mainly depending on the site of recurrence and prostate-specific antigen levels. Both 68gallium (68Ga)-prostate specific membrane antigen and 18F-fluciclovine are shown to be more accurate in the detection of recurrent disease as compared with radiolabelled choline PET/CT. Particularly, Ga68-PSMA has a detection rate of 50% and 68%, respectively for prostate-specific antigen levels < 0.5ng/ml and 0.5-2ng/ml. Moreover, 68Ga- PSMA PET/magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a particularly higher accuracy in detecting PCa than PET/CT. New tracers, such as radiolabelled bombesin or urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, are promising, but few data in clinical practice are available today.
CONCLUSIONS
Some limitations emerge from the published papers, both for radiolabelled choline PET/CT and also for new radiopharmaceutical agents. Efforts are still needed to enhance the impact of published data in the world of oncology, in particular when new radiopharmaceuticals are introduced into the clinical arena.
PATIENT SUMMARY
In the present review, the authors summarise the last evidences in clinical practice for the assessment of prostate cancer, by using nuclear medicine modalities, like positron emission tomography/computed tomography and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prevention and Management of Postprostatectomy Sexual Dysfunctions Part 1: Choosing the Right Patient at the Right Time for the Right Surgery
No full textContext: Sexual dysfunction is common in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Objective: To review the available literature concerning prevention and management strategies for post-RP erectile function (EF) impairment in terms of preoperative patient characteristics and intra- and postoperative factors that may influence EF recovery. Evidence acquisition: A literature search was performed using Google and PubMed database for English-language original and review articles either published or e-published up to November 2011. Evidence synthesis: The literature demonstrates great inconsistency in what constitutes normal EF before surgery and what a man may consider a normal erection after RP. The use of validated psychometric instruments with recognised cut-offs for normalcy and severity during the pre- and postoperative evaluation should be routinely considered. Therefore, a comprehensive discussion with the patient about the true prevalence of postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED), the concept of spontaneous or pharmacologically assisted erections, and the difference between "back to baseline'' EF and "erections adequate enough to have successful intercourse'' clearly emerge as key issues in the eventual understanding of the prevention of ED and promotion of satisfactory EF recovery post-RP. Patient factors (including age, baseline EF, and status of comorbid conditions), cancer selection (unilateral vs bilateral nerve sparing), type of surgery (ie, intra- vs inter- vs extrafascial surgeries), surgical techniques (ie, open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted RP), and surgeon factors (ie, surgical volume and surgical skill) represent the key significant contributors to EF recovery. Conclusions: The complexity of the issues discussed throughout this review culminates in the simple concept that optimal outcomes are achieved by the careful choice of the correct patient for the correct type of surgery. (C) 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Prevention and Management of Postprostatectomy Sexual Dysfunctions Part 2: Recovery and Preservation of Erectile Function, Sexual Desire, and Orgasmic Function
No full textContext: Sexual dysfunction is common in patients who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Objective: Review the available literature concerning prevention of, and management strategies for, post-RP sexual dysfunction in terms of postoperative treatments for erectile function (EF), sexual desire (SD), and orgasmic function (OF) impairment. Evidence acquisition: A literature search was performed using Google and PubMed databases for English language original and review articles either published or e-published up to November 2011. Evidence synthesis: We propose a rational description of many of the clinically available preventive and therapeutic strategies for the preservation and recovery of post-RP EF. A huge amount of preclinical data show that tissue damage ultimately leads to structural alterations, and the literature stresses that rehabilitation and treatment are undoubtedly better than leaving the erectile tissue to its unassisted fate; likewise, the timing of any rehabilitation and treatment is of major clinical importance. However, no specific recommendation emerges regarding the structure of the optimal rehabilitation or treatment regimen. The role of postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment of those patients who received a non-nerve-sparing RP was also extensively discussed. The literature almost completely lacks a systematic and comprehensive debate about SD (ie, low libido) and OF (ie, decreased intensity of orgasm, dysorgasmia, and climacturia) in patients undergoing RP. Psychological and sexual counseling is of major importance to improve any rehabilitation and treatment of postoperative EF, SD, and OF impairment. Conclusions: Despite the great number of possible rehabilitation approaches proposed, these approaches should be considered only as strategies, since incontrovertible evidence of their effectiveness for improving natural EF recovery is limited. Conversely, numerous effective therapeutic options are available for treating post-RP ED. SD and OF have not yet been fully assessed in patients who underwent RP. (C) 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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