1,721,027 research outputs found
Das sophistische Machtdenken in der Kritik: Thukydides’ Melier-Dialog und die attische Auseinandersetzung mit der Sophistik
Full text linkDer Melier-Dialog des Thukydides gilt als eine der einflussreichsten Passagen der politischen Ideengeschichte und als erste paradigmatische Darstellung des „Primats der Macht“ im zwischenstaatlichen Verkehr. Während die aktuelle Politikwissenschaft den Dialog meist systematisch rezipiert, nimmt dieser Beitrag eine „unzeitgemäße“, d. i. kontextsensitiv-ideengeschichtliche, Perspektive ein. Thukydides wird aus seiner Zeit für seine Zeit begriffen. In der methodischen Tradition von Q. Skinner (Cambridge School) wird der Text dafür als zeitspezifischer Sprechakte interpretiert, als ein Debattenbeitrag neben anderen innerhalb der intellektuellen Auseinandersetzungen mit der attischen Sophistik. Die Leitthese lautet hierbei, dass Thukydides im Melier-Dialog eine implizite Kritik am sophistisch geprägten Machtdenken der athenischen Politik formuliert. Erstens wird dazu gezeigt, dass die Argumentation der athenischen Gesandten strukturell den sophistischen Lehren des „Rechts des Stärkeren“ entspricht, wie sie sich bei Kallikles und Thrasymachos im Werk Platons vorfinden lassen. Zweitens wird eine ‚wahrscheinliche Interpretation‘ der thukydideischen Intention und Positionierung herausgearbeitet, die sich der Form- und Stilanalyse des Gesamtwerkes bedient. ‚Wahrscheinlich‘ muss diese insofern bleiben, als das hermeneutische Zugriffsschwierigkeiten auf den Text wie auch das „hörbaren Schweigens“ (W. Schadewaldt) des Thukydides kein abschließendes Urteil zulassen. Drittens wird der Dialog in die breitere zeitgenössische Kritik an der Sophistik eingebettet, wofür vergleichend der Blick auf Aristophanes, Isokrates und Platon geworfen wird. Damit zeigt sich abschließend, dass Thukydides’ Eigentümlichkeit weniger im Inhalt seiner Kritik liegt, sondern in ihrer historiographischen Form: Nur er veranschaulicht das Scheitern des sophistischen Machtdenkens als historische Politikpraxis und weist ihm eine Mitverantwortung an der athenischen Niederlage von 404 v. Chr. zu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
König Vaxtang Gorgasali zwischen Legende und Geschichte: King Vakhtang Gorgasali between Legend and History
No full textKing Vakhtang Gorgasali is a central figure in the historical tradition of Georgia, as we encounter him in particular in the chronicle of Kʽartʽlis Cʽxovreba. In this, his profile unites opposites that are difficult to harmonize: Vakhtang Gorgasali is a great fighter, but ultimately succumbs to the Persians. He is a powerful ruler, but equally functions as a vassal of the Sasanian Great King. He was a zealous follower of Christianity but maintained ambivalent relations with the Byzantine emperor and strove for ecclesiastical autocephaly.Researchers have long noticed that Vakhtang Gorgasali, as prominent as he appears in the Old Georgian tradition, is not mentioned at all in the Greco-Roman sources (unless one wants to identify the Gurgenes mentioned in Procopius’s Bella with him) and in the Old Armenian historiography only by one author (namely Ghazar Parpetsi). The paper is not so much about substantiating the historicity of the famous king and elaborating on its details, but rather about describing his contradictory profile in the Old Georgian tradition and fathoming the origin of the individual aspects that compose it. In the process, it will be shown, among other things, that Old Georgian historical thought of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages owes at least as much to the principles of Iranian historical tradition as it does to classical ancient and Old Armenian historiography and to Christian church historiography in the tradition of Eusebius of Caesarea
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Jak zrežírovat pád svého odpůrce? Násilí v politice západořímské říše v 5. stol. (395-472 n. l.)
Full text linkCílem této disertace je prozkoumat a roztřídit projevy násilí ve vnitřní politice západořímské říše v 5. století, čímž se dosud nikdo systematicky nezabýval. Konkrétně jde o případy násilí, které vůči sobě užívali téměř výhradně vysoce postavení vojenští velitelé západní části říše v době, v níž císařský úřad pozbýval na významu, protože jej zastávaly nezletilé děti. Rivalita vznikala z touhy získat a ovládat magisterium militum (hodnost nejvyššího generála), tedy post, který svému držiteli umožňoval snadný a přímý přístup k vojsku coby skutečnému nástroji politického násilí v antickém Římě. Komu se podařilo si postavení nejvyššího generála zabezpečit, ten tak nastolil i svůj monopol na použití násilí a ostatními, včetně císaře, manipuloval podle své vůle. V důsledku vojenských i ekonomických útrap západořímské říše v posledním století její existence však tuto ceněnou pozici nejvyššího generála nebylo možné zabezpečit trvale. A když do rovnice přibyla ctižádostivá a soutěživá povaha ostatních zúčastněných, množství případů politického násilí se přirozeně znásobilo. Výsledkem bylo, že západořímská říše v 5. století trpěla endemickým násilím, které ji připravilo o další čas a energii z jejích už tak omezených zdrojů. Klíčová slova: politické násilí - generálové - západořímská říše - Aetius - RicimerThis dissertation aims to examine and categorize violence on political level in the fifth century Roman west that has so far enjoyed no systematic inquiry. Specifically, cases of violence that came to materialization almost exclusively amongst the high ranked generals of the western empire at a time its imperial office was undergoing infantilization is the focus of this research. Genesis of such rivalries was the individuals' desire to seize and control the post of the magisterium militum (the office of the supreme general), the post that allowed its holder easy and direct access to the soldiery, those veritable tools of political violence in ancient Rome. Once one established himself as the supreme general, he would have also established his monopoly on violence and bend others, including emperors, to his will. Due to the military and economical privations of the west in its last century, however, these generalissimos' prized position could never be completely safe. When the ambitious and competitive nature of others was added to the equation, the number of political violence cases naturally multiplied. The result was that the western Roman empire in the fifth century suffered also from an endemic that deprived it of further time and energy from its already limited reserves. Keywords: political...Institute for Greek and Latin StudiesÚstav řeckých a latinských studiíFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult
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