62 research outputs found
Examining neurobehavioral effects of chemosensory exposure to local irritants using event related potentials
No full textThe aim of this thesis was to examine whether unpleasant odors disturb cognitive task performance. At first glance, it seems intuitive that for example the smell of fire smoke would immediately interrupt my current writing at the computer. However, the same aim has been addressed in earlier investigations but outcomes were inconsistent, some reporting improvement by odors, some impairment. The basic assumption of this thesis is that former inconsistencies were due to the use of different odorants, the use of different tasks, or the general weakness of examining only behavioral performance.The empirical studies performed for this thesis improved all three points: First, by comparing performance during inhalation of three different concentrations (low, middle, high) of one odorant in the same individual (human volunteers), second, by choice of a task that was assumed especially sensitivity for olfactory distraction and third, by measuring brain activation in addition to behavioral performance. All studies were performed with a special focus on workplace relevance, since unpleasant odors likely occur at industrial workplaces and distraction from demanding work tasks could endanger workers’ health.Three substances with workplace relevance were selected. Cyclohexylamine showed strongest and most unpleasant chemosensory effects and was therefore expected to cause stronger distraction than the moderate propionic acid. The neurotoxin ethyl acetate was examined for subtle indication of neurotoxicity. Performance in the cognitive task of response inhibition, which has been shown to interfere with emotional context, was observed on the behavioral (accuracy and speed) and brain level. Encephalography (EEG) was recorded, and well-described EEG curve components were analyzed, which were known to represent response inhibition.Despite controlled study design and task selection the three studies did not present consistent results. Only propionic acid exposure evoked behavioral and EEG findings that both indicated exposure related impairment of response inhibition. The other assumptions could not be confirmed. One new finding was, that exposure to varying (but lower) exposure levels caused a distinct modulation of the EEG curve. This implicated that olfactory mediated distraction might be determined by other characteristics than odorant intensity or pleasantness.It can be concluded that EEG implementation to occupational human inhalation exposures was successful and that the method could help to advance understanding of the field.List of scientific papersI. Hey K, Juran S, Schäper M, Kleinbeck S, Kiesswetter E, Blaszkewicz M, Golka K, Brüning T, van Thriel C (2009). Neurobehavioral effects during exposures to propionic acid - An indicator of chemosensory distraction? NeuroToxicology. 30, 1223-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2009.08.009 II. Juran S, van Thriel C, Kleinbeck S, Schäper M, Falkenstein M, Iregren A, Johanson G (2009). Neurobehavioral performance in human volunteers during inhalation exposure to the unpleasant local irritant cyclohexylamine. NeuroToxicology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.014 III. Juran S, van Thriel C, Kleinbeck S, Schäper M, Falkenstein M, Iregren A, Johanson G. Electrophysiological correlates of impaired response inhibition during human inhalation exposure to propionic acid. [Submitted]IV. Juran S, van Thriel C, Kleinbeck S, Schäper M, Falkenstein M, Iregren A, Johanson G. Is smelly different from toxic? An ERP study in human volunteers during inhalation exposure to cyclohexylamine and ethyl acetate. [Manuscript]</p
What if the CEO is perceived as a corporate psychopath? The effects of perceived corporate psychopathy on product, stock and employer attractiveness
No full textMany corporate brands are strongly associated with the person the companies are headed by (Argenti & Druckenmiller, 2004). Attention for corporate psychopaths (CPs), defined as individuals who show psychopathic traits and work successfully in corporations, has been growing lately (Boddy, 2005). Psychopathic traits (e.g. charm, lack of remorse and empathy) can easily be interpreted as leadership characteristics (e.g. charisma and decisiveness) and therefore boost the career of the psychopath allowing him/her to climb up the corporate ladder (Boddy, 2011). Empirical evidence—although limited—supports this assumption. It has been found that CPs more frequently have senior level positions in organizations than junior ones (Boddy, Ladyshewsky, &Galvin, 2010b) and that the chances of finding a psychopath among CEOs is four times higher than in the general population (Bercovici, 2011).
A CP in a high level position (e.g. a CEO) can not only be assumed to have the largest leverage on how the company’s resources are deployed, but the way s/he is perceived by others also has a great impact on the company’s image (McGrath, 1995). The willingness to trust an entity is “based on the expectation that the other party will perform a particular action important to the trustor, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control that other party” (Mayer, Davis, & Schoorman, 1995). Therefore, the perception of negative/psychopathic traits in a CEO is of considerable importance to organizations because it influences the CEO’s public image and subsequently the level of trust placed in the top manager. This, in turn, can have far-reaching consequences for the company he works for because an executive’s greatest capital consists in the trust placed in him/her and a company cannot be successful in the long run without the trust from stakeholder groups (Hage, 2012). The perception of psychopathic traits can thus have severe consequences for the company’s attractiveness to its stakeholders.
The current research investigates the effects of perceived psychopathy of CEOs for the attractiveness of any form of interaction with the company. Results of a structural equation model based on a survey among 670 participants show that perceived corporate psychopathy negatively influences perceived trust in the CEO. Perceived trust in the CEO, in turn, has a positive effect on perceived attractiveness of products, of shares, and of perceived employer attractiveness. Furthermore, if an individual considers sustainability to be of high importance, the ethical standards concerning sustainable behavior seem to be stricter because the trustor cares about them more than the economic aspects of how the CEO manages the company. Therefore, it was found that attitude toward sustainability moderates the relationship between perceived corporate psychopathy and perceived trust in the CEO
Trade as a Modus Vivendi of Zadar region in the 18th century
No full textU radu se evaluiraju dosadašnje historiografske spoznaje o trgovini Zadra i njegove regije u XVIII. stoljeću. Specifičan tranzitni karakter gradske luke uvjetovan je novim i jedinstvenim geostrateškim položajem grada u kontekstu imperijalnog pograničja. To potvrđuju predmeti razmjene, prometni pravci, infrastruktura i nositelji trgovačke djelatnosti. Posebna pažnja pridaje se stočnom tranzitu preko zadarske skele. Ukazuje se i na utjecaj pojačane trgovačke konjunkture u oblikovanju društvene svakodnevice. Autor konstruira narativ o Zadru kao o reprezentativnoj sponi između zapadnoeuropske pomorske i osmanske karavanske civilizacije.This master's thesis evaluates previous historiographical achievements on the trade of Zadar and its region (Contado di Zara) in the 18th century. Specific transit character of the city-port was conditioned by the new and unique geostrategical location of Zadar in the context of the triple imperial borderland concept. That can be verified by looking at the trade goods, transportation routes, infrastructure and merchants. Additionaly, attention was given to the transit of livestock through the boarding ramp. That intensified trade conjuncture had a strong impact on the shaping of the city's everyday life. Author constructs a narrative about Zadar being a representative link between Mediterranean Western Europe and continental Ottoman civilization
The Population of Murter in 1858 and 1915 – Data from the Murter Parish Anagraph
No full textU radu se iznosi građa iz murterskih anagrafa koji sadrže popis obitelji i zabilježene promjene unutar pojedinih obitelji u vremenu od 1854. godine do druge polovice XX. stoljeća. Okosnicu i glavninu rada čine popisi obitelji i analiza imenske, prezimenske i nadimačke strukture murterskog stanovništva u godinama 1858. i 1915., te se uočavaju promjene unutar tih struktura u vremenskom hodu omeđenom navedenim godinama.The anagraphs of the Murter parish, which contain data about Murter families in the period between 1854 to the second half of the twentieth century, are an indispensable source for researching the historical anthroponymy and demography of this settlement. Surrounded by an enormous quantity of data the author confines himself exclusively to the presentation of data which defines and rounds off a corpus of Murter names, surnames and nicknames in the years 1858 and 1915. The chronological framework thusly defined – in reality we are dealing with two wholly narrow frameworks – represents temporal points which were at the same time grounds for the mutual comparison of analyzed data. In such a way it was established that in less than 60 years the number of families in Murter grew by 60% – from 185 families in 1858 to 309 families in 1915. This growth is the consequence of natural growth, that is the role of immigration was insignificant. A comparison of the surname structure of the Murter populace during the said years – but also in respect to data concerning the anthroponymy of Murter in the period preceding the years under observation in this article published elsewhere – evinces a continuity of “old” families. Thusly only three new surnames appear in 1858 – a family that moved in and two men who married Murter women, while in 1915 we see two new families moving to Murter. However, the fund of first names greatly expanded within the targeted period – from the 89 male and female names known in 1858 to 266 names in 1915. In spite of this, newly born children were most frequently given centuries old saints’s names. Besides names and surnames, numerous nicknames have been recorded which are certainly the fundamental markers of a specific person or family
Datasets - "Disgusting odors trigger the oral immune system" published in Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health.
No full textDatasets used in the paper entitled "Disgusting odors trigger the oral immune system" published in Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health - Juran, et al. 2022.
study aims to test whether odorous sickness cues (i.e., disgusting odors) can trigger a preparatory immune response in humans. We show that subjective and objective disgust measures, as well as TNF-alpha levels in saliva increased immediately after exposure to disgusting odors in a sample of 36 individuals. Altogether, these results suggest a collaboration between behavioral mechanisms of pathogen avoidance in olfaction, mediated by the emotion of disgust, and mechanisms of pathogen elimination facilitated by inflammatory mediators.
The datasets include participant's responses to questionnaires, biological inflammatory markers, and facial EMG responses to stimuli exposure. See paper for more details. </p
The Senj Uskoks
No full textU radu naslovljenom Senjski uskoci nastoji se odgovoriti na pitanje tko su to bili senjski
uskoci i kojim je čimbenicima njihovo djelovanje bilo uvjetovano. Rad nastoji uputiti na
postojanje različitih, često konfliktnih predodžbi koje su nastale kao posljedica različitih
interesa i suvremenika koji su bilježili podatke o uskocima, ali i kasnije povjesničara.
Na odgovor tko su bili senjski uskoci u radu se nastoji doći razmatranjem same riječi uskok te
njenom povezanosti s pitanjem porijekla senjskih uskoka i same njihove službe. Rad donosi
prikaz složenog porijekla senjskih uskoka te vojnu organizaciju uz koju se naziv uskok počelo
vezati. Osim toga, rad nastoji razmotriti koji su čimbenici utjecali na njihovo djelovanje.
Izlaže motivacijske činitelje koji su potaknuli pojedince na postajanje uskokom. Osobit
naglasak stavlja se na ekonomske uvjete te se propituje u kojoj je mjeri shvaćanje uskoka kao
„predziđa“ kršćanstva uvjetovalo njihove postupke. Kako bi se steklo pobliže razumijevanje
uskočkog djelovanja, ono se nastoji razmotriti i kroz njihove suparničke i savezničke odnose,
osobito s Habsburškom Monarhijom i Mletačkom Republikom te lokalnim stanovništvom
grada Senja, mletačkog te osmanskog teritorija.Paper called The Senjs Uskoks tries to give an answer to the question who were the Senj
Uskoks and which factors had impact on their actions. It tries to indicate the existence of
different, often contrary, images of them, which are consequences of different interests of
Uskoks contemporaries and later historians.
To answer the question who were the Senj Uskoks this paper attempts to come by considering
the meanings given to the word Uskoks and its connection with the issue of their origin and
military service. Paper provides a view of a complex origin of the Senj Uskoks and their
military organization which became closely connected to the word Uskoks. Also, this paper
consider factors which had impact on activity of Senjs Uskoks. It gives a special emphasis on
the importance of economic conditions which encouraged individuals to become an Uskok
and it examines the extent to which understanding of the Uskoks as a “Bulwark of
Christianity” caused their actions.
More detailed understanding of Uskoks actions author tries to achieve by considering
relations with their rivals and allies, particularly with the Habsburg Monarchy, the Venetian
Republic, the local people of Senj and the Venetian and Ottoman subjects
Map of the Venetian-Ottoman Border Demarcation in Part of Northern and Central Dalmatia, 1588/1589
No full textMeđu povijesnim izvorima koji omogućuju prijedloge rekonstrukcije mletačko-osmanskih razgraničenja na sjeveroistočnoj obali i u jadranskome zaobalju u ranome novom vijeku osobito se ističu stare karte. One su kao grafički prikazi prostornih odnosa prvorazredan povijesni izvor geografskih podataka. Takva je i rukopisna karta nepoznatoga autora na kojoj je prikazano mletačko-osmansko razgraničenje poslije Ciparskoga rata u dijelu sjeverne i u srednjoj Dalmaciji. Karta se čuva u fondu Miscellanea – Materie miste e notabili Državnoga arhiva u Veneciji, a dosad nije bila predmetom znanstvenih i stručnih istraživanja. Manje u pogledu prirodno-geografskih sadržaja, a više u pogledu prikaza naselja, utvrda, prometnica i, posebno, granica, važno je svjedočanstvo o poznavanju topografije obalnoga i zaobalnoga dijela šibenske, trogirske i splitske komune kao strateški važnih dijelova mletačkoga Stato da Mar, izloženih osmanskim vojnim i pljačkaškim pohodima i teritorijalnim posizanjima.Among historical sources which allow a proposed reconstruction of the Venetian-Ottoman border demarcation on the northeast coastal and hinterland area of the Adriatic in the early modern period, old maps are especially prominent. As graphic depictions of spatial relations, they are a first-class historical source of geographical data. Such is the manuscript map by an unknown author which depicts the Venetia-Ottoman border demarcation in part of northern and central Dalmatia after the War of Cyprus. The map is housed in the Miscellanea Materie miste e notabili fund at the State Archives in Venice and has not yet been the subject of scientific and expert research. To a lesser extent, because of its natural-geographic
contents, and to a greater extent because of its depiction of settlements, fortifications, roads and especially borders, it is an important testimony to knowledge at the time of the topography of the coastal and hinterland parts of the Šibenik, Trogir and Split communes, as strategic parts of the Venetian Stato da Mar threatened by Ottoman military and looting forays and territorial incursions
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITATIVE RULES IN COMPANY`S INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
No full textIn the article there were presented chosen issues of quality management. Important role of information and work processes in companies were emphasized . Based on eight rules of quality management, TQM standards and ideas of discipline pioneers like Deming, Juran, Crosby and Shewart, author has constructed way of using chosen rules and assumptions to company`s information circulation. Analogy, suggested by author, has not only emphasized importance of information as a company`s resource, but also has pointed to possibility of improving ways of managing this information
The Sources of Quality in the Pharmaceutical Industry
No full textThis paper analyzes the sources of quality of a pharmaceutical product. After identifying eight quality dimensions, a framework of hypothetical sources that contribute the most to shape those dimensions is established. The framework, based on Garvin’s pioneering work, is applied to case studies of laboratories operating in Argentina. Framework relevance is considered using correlation analysis. Laboratories are ranked through expert opinion by the quality of its products using the eight dimensions mentioned above; it is observed that there is no perfect parallelism in ranking along all dimensions, possibly revealing different managerial priorities and uses of resources among laboratories, as well as different sources of quality and different business strategies. Correlation analysis also suggests that the study of a pharmaceutical product is a complex task when a modern concept of quality is considered. Once the existence of different quality dimensions is accepted, the following two questions are investigated: (1) Are there specific sources of quality that support some dimensions (and not others) and that are based on identifiable organizational aspects or specific technologies? (2) What are the generic sources of quality (affecting all dimensions) and in what way do they contribute to improve performance or highlight quality dimensions? It is assumed as a starting point that among the sources of quality there are generic sources, affecting all dimensions, and specific sources, which affect only some dimensions. In concrete cases, specific quality sources are identified, although the search for specific quality sources for each dimension is not conclusive. The study of generic quality sources, however, suggests that corporate systems, corporate culture, and management policies contribute to incorporate quality in a product. Thus quality results from the interaction between generic and specific sources. In the final part of the paper, recommendations for academics and industrialists are provided, as well as some conclusions.Pharmaceutical product, Garvin’s quality dimensions, quality sources, pharmaceutical laboratories in Argentina, corporate systems, corporate culture.
Zastosowanie zasad jakościowych do zarządzania informacją w przedsiębiorstwie
No full textW artykule przedstawione zostały wybrane zagadnienia zarządzania jakością. Podkreślono rolę informacji w przedsiębiorstwie i odbywających się tam procesach pracy. W oparciu o osiem zasad zarządzania jakością, kanony TQM i założenia pionierów dziedziny, m.in. Deminga, Jurana, Crosbiego i Shewarta, autor zinterpretował zastosowanie wskazanych zasad i założeń do przepływu informacji w przedsiębiorstwie. Sugerowana przez autora analogia nie tylko podkreśla wagę informacji jako zasobu przedsiębiorstwa, ale również wskazuje na możliwości doskonalenia zarządzania nią.In the article there were presented chosen issues of quality management. Important role of information and work processes in companies were emphasized . Based on eight rules of quality management, TQM standards and ideas of discipline pioneers like Deming, Juran, Crosby and Shewart, author has constructed way of using chosen rules and assumptions to company`s information circulation. Analogy, suggested by author, has not only emphasized importance of information as a company`s resource, but also has pointed to possibility of improving ways of managing this information.PA NOVA SA Gliwic
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