49 research outputs found
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No full textAbstract – Despite widespread interest, no reference implementation of an SI/SP slice encoder has been provided by JVT. We describe modifications to the reference software which enable the encoding of SI slices and of switching SP slices. We also describe a rate-distortion model which is useful in analyzing the performance of SP and SI frames. Through theoretical and empirical analysis we derive optimal settings for encoding SP and SI frames for streaming with packet losses. Our works identifies scenarios where SP and SI frames offer an attractive alternative to streaming with periodic I frames. 1. Software implementation All the results presented in the following were collected with our implementation of an SP/SI slice encoder. A patch which modifies the reference software to enable SI slice and switching SP slice coding is available on the following website
Raad van State en de poëtica van het bestaande
No full textAchter de monumentale gevels van het Lange Voorhout en de Kneuterdijk transformeerde de afgelopen jaren bijna geruisloos het allegaartje aan gebouwen van de Raad van State tot een universum waar verfijning en voornaamheid een nieuwe betekenis kregen. Aan een lange traditie waarbij de aanscherping tussen 'oud' (het domein van Monumentenzorg en historische freaks) en 'nieuw' (hippe eigentijdse architecten) centraal stond kwam een einde. Merkx+Girod gaven niet alleen vorm aan de bebouwing maar vooral aan het denken over transformatieprocessen van oude gebouwen en stedelijke weefsels naar nieuwe bestemmingen.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
High Electrocaloric Effect in Lead Scandium Tantalate Thin Films with Interdigitated Electrodes
No full textLead scandium tantalate, Pb(Sc,Ta)O(3), is an excellent electrocaloric material showing large temperature variations, good efficiency, and a broad operating temperature window. In form of multilayer ceramic capacitors integrated into a cooling device, the device can generate a temperature difference larger than 13 K. Here, we investigate Pb(Sc,Ta)O(3) in form of thin films prepared using the sol–gel chemical solution deposition method. We report the detailed fabrication process of high-quality films on various substrates such as c-sapphire and fused silica. The main originality of this research is the use of interdigitated top electrodes, enabling the application of very large electric fields in PST. We provide structural and electrical characterisation, as well as electrocaloric temperature variation, using the Maxwell relation approach. Films do not show a B-site ordering. The temperature variation from 7.2 to 15.7 K was measured on the Pb(Sc,Ta)O(3) film on a c-sapphire substrate under the electric field of 1330 kV/cm between 14.5 °C and 50 °C. This temperature variation is the highest reported so far in Pb(Sc,Ta)O(3) thin films. Moreover, stress seems to have an effect on the maximum permittivity temperature and thus electrocaloric temperature variation with temperature in Pb(Sc,Ta)O(3) films. Tensile stress induced by fused silica shifts the “transition” of Pb(Sc,Ta)O(3) to lower temperatures. This study shows the possibility for electrocaloric temperature variation tuning with stress conditions
Typologie séquentielle de la mobilité et analyse causale
No full textL'auteur souligne que, à cause des postulats implicites et explicites tant des modèles de causalité (path analysis) que des classifications de trajectoires professionnelles accomplies, ces deux approches ne peuvent être assimilées. En particulier, la seconde approche permet, contrairement à la première, de dégager des ensembles de causes ne s'appliquant qu'à certains sous-ensembles de la population.The author stresses that, on account of the explicit and implicit postulates underlying path models as well as classifications of occupational mobility trajectories, these two approaches cannot be assimilated. In particular, the second approach allows, contrary to the first, the identification of sets of causes applying only to certain subsets of the population.El autor señala que, a causa de los postulados implícitos y explícitos tanto en los modelos de causalidad (path analysis) que en los de clasificaciones de trajectorias cumplidas, esas dos aproximaciones no pueden ser asimiladas. En particular, la segunda aproximación permite contrariamente a la primera, destacar conjuntos de causas que solo se aplican a ciertos sub-conjuntos de la población
Artists’ Expression of Women’s Unresolvable Internal Conflict
No full textThe Victorian period (1837 to 1901) was a time of great change in the United States. The country was growing with the Louisiana Purchase and the addition of several states to the Union. Railroads were connecting together the vast lands. Unprecedented economic and manufacturing changes were unfolding; it was the time of the Industrial Revolution. This period also brought about a revolution for women by opening up new possibilities in many spheres of life. However, these new possibilities, ironically, exacerbated a timeless women’s struggle of finding balance between their traditional roles as caregivers and their human need for self-‐ expression.
This struggle was reflected in both the lives and works of women artists from the period. Women like author Kate Chopin, painter Elizabeth Nourse, and painter Ellen Day Hale were some of the first women to depict this struggle in their works. The struggle to meet societal expectations while remaining true to one’s art afflicts all women artists. Women artists battle a potentially unresolvable internal conflict between their roles as caregivers, with the associated societal expectations, and dedication to their art. In the Victorian era, Chopin, Nourse, and Hale gave expression to that timeless struggle of the artist, through their lives and their revolutionary works
Certifying effect and consumer effect: Some remarks on strategies employed by higher education institutions
No full textThe term “certification”, as used in discussions concerning higher education, is clarified and a distinction made between terminal awards which do have a genuine “certifying effect” in the sense of procuring admission to a profession and those which do not. Institutions wishing to increase the value of the “certifying effect” of their awards, seek to do this by stimulating applications for entry to their institution. The longer the queue at the gate the greater the prestige of the terminal award. The ability to influence the “certifying effect” of an award does not, however, lie with the teaching institutions alone; business, the employers and the professions can, and increasingly do, determine the relative value of awards and of different ways of preparing for the exercise of a particular profession. The case of the business schools in France is described to illustrate how teaching institutions once they are established seek to increase the “certifying effect” of the diplomas they award by actually reducing the number of graduates. The numerus clausus, as applied to medical schools, provides another example of the same phenomenon. Such strategies lead to what the author describes as “consumer effect”. Once admittance to a prestige institution has been gained, entry to a position of influence and possibly affluence, is more or less assured. Students in such institutions, in both capitalist and communist countries, have exploited this by persuading teaching staff to acquiesce in a reduction of the demands made by the course, though some directors of institutions have begun to respond by failing more students, seeking to re-establish positions surrendered in the days of student unrest and by these and other means seeking to reduce “consumer effect”. Teacher training colleges provide an interesting example of institutions having a low but certain “certifying effect”, producing a high “consumer effect”. The possibility of deriving a general theory from the proposition put forward in the article is discussed
Considérations autour de l’expérience de la perte dans la production girodienne
No full textThe aim of this article is to reveal the ontological mutation undergone by the characters in three literary productions by Ryad Girod, an Algerian author of the extreme contemporary. Ravissements, Les yeux de Mansour and La fin qui nous attend are three texts revolving around the experience of loss: loss of speech in Ravissements, loss of life in Les yeux de Mansour and loss of humanity in La fin qui nous attend. The subjective experience of immaterial loss is examined in the light of a poetics of detachment capable of revealing to the characters the vital dimensions of their existence. Withdrawal reveals itself to be a vector of knowledge, founding a modified relationship with oneself and the world. The reconsideration of the spoken word is a decisive step in the discernment of characters to establish a new approach to the world, in resonance with the contingencies shaking their logical understanding of facts. The rationality governing the contemporary world is gradually replaced by an intuitive approach, leading to a new relationship with oneself, with others and with the world. This change in existential posture also engenders a new perception of time, understood in terms of duration rather than in terms of its decantation into divisible units. It also leads the characters to ontological and axiological reflections, revealing the intense philosophical potential of Ryad Girod\u27s works. The strictly cerebral approach is gradually giving way to a more immediate, intuitive knowledge, in an attempt to make a deep connection with the quintessence of inanimate and animate beings.La réflexion menée dans cet article a pour objectif de révéler la mutation ontologique opérée chez les personnages de trois productions littéraires de Ryad Girod, auteur algérien de l’extrême contemporain. Ravissements, Les yeux de Mansour et La fin qui nous attend, trois textes gravitant autour de l’expérience de la perte : de parole essentiellement dans Ravissements ; de vie dans Les yeux de Mansour surtout, et d’humanité dans La fin qui nous attend principalement. L’expérience subjective de la perte immatérielle est interrogée à la lumière d’une poétique de détachement à même de révéler aux personnages les dimensions vitales à leur existence. Ce retrait s’y révèle un vecteur de connaissance fondateur d’un rapport modifié à soi et au monde. La reconsidération de la parole est une étape décisive dans l’entreprise de discernement des personnages soucieux d’asseoir une nouvelle approche du monde, en résonnance avec les contingences ébranlant leur compréhension logique des faits. A la rationalité gouvernant le monde contemporain se substitue peu à peu une approche intuitive jusqu’à atteindre un nouveau rapport à soi, aux autres et au monde. Ce changement de posture existentielle engendre aussi une nouvelle perception du temps compris en termes de durée et non selon sa décantation en unités divisibles. Il mène également les personnages à des réflexions ontologiques et axiologiques révélant l’intense potentiel philosophique des ouvrages de Ryad Girod. La démarche strictement cérébrale se retranche peu à peu à la faveur d’une connaissance intuitive, plus immédiate, dans une tentative de connexion profonde avec la quintessence des êtres inanimés et animés.
 
Leveling the playing field: Teaching and learning science for aesthetic understanding We'll have to figure out author order later! Leveling the playing field: Teaching and learning science for aesthetic understanding
No full textAbstract From the aesthetic framework of Dewey (1934), learning theory and related pedagogy are developed and identified as teaching for aesthetic understanding. In a quasi-experiment, three units of instruction were taught in a 5 th grade classroom contrasted against learning in an adjacent 5 th grade classroom. Detailed comparisons of teaching are given and pre and post measures of interest in learning science, science identity affiliation, and efficacy beliefs are investigated. Tests of conceptual understanding before, after, and one month after instruction reveal teaching for understanding fosters more, and more enduring, learning of science concepts. Several interactions related to girls and low efficacy learners suggest that refocusing learning goals on goals of aesthetic understanding may "level the playing field" for poorly served students and enrich their resultant conceptual understanding. Also, correlation analyses between pre and post-tests of conceptual understanding and pre and postmeasures of aesthetic understanding suggest that prior conceptual knowledge is not predictive of aesthetic understanding.
