1,720,962 research outputs found
Functional fish: improving nutrition for the elderly
Full text linkElder people need highly digestible foods that can also provide health benefits even to those suffering from chronic diseases.
Furthermore, such foods should be palatable as well as familiar for elder consumers. Fish is a high-protein, low-fat food that
potentially provides a range of health promoting effects which may be further improved with suitable approaches in the
production systems. The present mini-review intends to report possible aquaculture interventions to enhance the positive
impact of fish on elder health and to promote its function in terms of prevention and recovery of specific diseases. Some fish
species during their lifespan experience periods of food restrictions that can be mimicked in aquaculture without affecting
fish welfare. Under these circumstances fish can modify the fatty acid profile and increase the use of muscle proteins to fulfill
their energy requirements, by activation of muscle endogenous proteases. Degradation of muscle proteins can enhance their
digestibility and possibly the release of encrypted bioactive peptides, showing a plethora of biological actions, including the
antihypertensive activity. The degree of myofibrillar protein degradation and the fatty acid profile of fish fillet can then be
managed by suitable and sustainable feeding protocols in the context of farming conditions
Tertiary myotubes in postnatal growing pig muscle detected by their myosin isoform composition.
No full textThe postnatal development of skeletal muscles was studied in growing pigs from 8 to 210 d of age. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections of porcine semimembranosus muscle and longissimus muscle revealed a distinct population of small fibers (tertiary myotubes) that were stained specifically by an antibody (anti-NE) selective for the developmental (embryonic and neonatal) isoforms of muscle myosin. At 8 d of age the other larger fibers were already anti-NE negative and differentiated into Types I and II. A gradual decrease in the number of anti-NE positive fibers together with a gradual increase in area of the remaining positive fibers was observed throughout the pigs' growth. These results may indicate that hyperplastic growth does not cease at birth. Possible mechanisms to explain the origin of these tertiary myotubes containing developmental isoforms of myosin are suggested
Praedicere Possumus: An Italian web-based application for predictive microbiology to ensure food safety
Full text linkThe use of predictive modelling tools, which mainly describe the response of microorganisms to a particular set of environmental conditions, may contribute to a better understanding of microbial behaviour in foods. In this paper, a tertiary model, in the form of a readily available and userfriendly web-based application Praedicere Possumus (PP) is presented with research examples from our laboratories. Through the PP application, users have access to different modules, which apply a set of published models considered reliable for determining the compliance of a food product with EU safety criteria and for optimising processing throughout the identification of critical control points. The application pivots around a growth/no-growth boundary model, coupled with a growth model, and includes thermal and non-thermal inactivation models. Integrated functionalities, such as the fractional contribution of each inhibitory factor to growth probability (f) and the time evolution of the growth probability (Pt), have also been included. The PP application is expected to assist food industry and food safety authorities in their common commitment towards the improvement of food safety
Effetto della carnosina sulla sopravvivenza ai trattamenti con radiazioni ionizzanti di Aeromonas Hydrophila e Salmonella Typhimurium
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Changes of bacterial communities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different processing steps in the production of burgers and their storage life enhancement by an acetate-based preservative
No full textFresh trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a healthy and nutritious food which can be used for formulating ready-to-cook fish preparations, such as trout burgers. To investigate the impact of processing and the use of an acetate-based preservative on the spoilage microbiota and storage life of burgers, the dynamics of microbial communities were examined by using a combination of culture-dependent/independent techniques, Monte Carlo simulation, and PICRUSt2 analysis. Results of the microbial community analyses showed that most of the taxa of trout were lost during processing into burgers. Along the processing steps, an increase of contamination, with Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas becoming the most relative abundant genera in pulp and burgers, respectively, was observed. The Pseudomonas dynamic pattern was supported by the Monte Carlo simulation, which gave a picture of the bacterial transfer. Verdad® N6, which is a commercially available acetate-rich fermentate, was evaluated as preservative treatment for burgers during their storage life. Pseudomonas dominated the microbial community of stored burgers, irrespective of the treatment. However, their levels were lower in the fermentate-treated samples, which presented Lactobacillus as the second most relative abundant genus. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that Pseudomonas-correlated metabolic pathways of hexitol fermentation were significantly lower at the end of the storage period in burgers supplemented with the fermentate, corroborating Pseudomonas minor contribution to the metabolic activity. In summary, Verdad® N6, through its inhibiting effects on spoilage bacteria is an option for producing burgers with increased storage life
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effect of pre-slaughter starvation on muscle protein degradation in sea bream (Sparus aurata): formation of ACE inhibitory peptides and increased digestibility of fillet
No full textHigh-quality proteins from farmed fish, including sea bream, represent a cheaper and healthier alternative to proteins from other animals, especially for people affected by chronic diseases. Aquaculture has also the possibility to move towards more sustainable growth and production. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the impact of a starvation period before slaughtering in comparison to full feeding on quality attributes of sea bream fillet focused on their health promoting values. SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and high-resolution MS/MS analyses of the protein profiles showed that in the fillets from starved fish, only the amount of myosin light chains (MLCs) was markedly reduced at slaughter, suggesting their higher susceptibility to proteolysis. In the full feeding samples, MLCs degradation was evident only during storage at 4 °C. Conversely, skeletal alpha-actin fragmentation was similar regardless of the pre-slaughter feeding system. In vitro gastric digestibility of the myosin complex from starved fish fillets was much higher at pH 4, a condition that may occur in drug-treated patients affected by the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Using UHPLC–MS/MS, ACE-inhibitor gastric-resistant bioactive peptides potentially coming from MLCs (VF, MF) were found in all the digested samples, with one of these peptides (MF) being present in larger amount in the starved samples. Pre-slaughter starvation, other than decreases the environmental impact of fish aquaculture, is an effective tool in obtaining good-quality sea bream fillets that provide potential health benefits for hypertensive and GERD consumers
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