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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Огляд міжнародної практики та підходів врегулювання евтаназії: ставлення суспільства та медичної спільноти, потенціал асертивності
Get PDFRelevance. In the modern world, the issue of euthanasia remains one of the most complex and controversial topics in the field of medical ethics, palliative care, as well as psychosocial and legal aspects. The question of euthanasia touches not only on human rights but also on the deep moral and philosophical principles of society, which form the foundation of humanity, support, and the perception of the value of human life, sparking heated debates among doctors, lawmakers, religious leaders, and ordinary citizens. On the one hand, euthanasia can be viewed as an expression of humanism, allowing individuals to avoid unbearable pain and end their lives with dignity; on the other hand, there are serious risks of abuse and violations of the rights of the most vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, patients with incurable, terminal, chronic diseases, and those with mental disorders. Approaches to the regulation of euthanasia vary significantly across different countries, which calls for deep analysis, comparison of practices, and understanding of the social, psychological, and legal aspects of this complex phenomenon. In light of new global trends emphasizing individual rights, technological innovations, and social changes, the study of euthanasia has become extremely relevant and necessary to find balanced solutions.
Aim. Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the practices and attitudes towards euthanasia in various countries around the world, focusing on the legislative, social, psychological, and ethical aspects. Examine the current approaches to euthanasia regulation and assess the impact of these approaches on vulnerable population groups, the medical community, and society as a whole. Outline global trends and future perspectives in this area, taking into account technological innovations and the ethical challenges humanity may face in the future.
Materials and methods. Scientific publications, legislative acts, international agreements, public opinion surveys, and sociological studies related to the existing legal norms in countries where euthanasia is legalized, as well as in those where it remains prohibited. Research methods include a comparative analysis of legislative systems, quantitative analysis of survey and sociological data, and qualitative analysis of scientific and journalistic literature that addresses various aspects of euthanasia.
Conclusions. Euthanasia remains an extremely complex and multifaceted issue, as it is intertwined with ethical, legal, social, and psychological aspects, deeply connected to the cultural and religious traditions of societies. The analysis of practices in different countries shows that the legalization of euthanasia can help ensure the right to a dignified death, particularly for patients with incurable diseases. However, significant risks related to potential abuses and pressures on vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, patients with incurable, terminal, chronic illnesses, and those with mental disorders, remain serious obstacles to achieving a global consensus.
Social attitudes and the views of the medical community vary greatly—from support for personal autonomy to concerns about the moral responsibility of healthcare professionals. Moreover, the rise of technological advancements, particularly the development of artificial intelligence and life-support systems, poses new challenges for regulating euthanasia, requiring legislative frameworks to adapt to new realities. In the future, debates on euthanasia are likely to intensify in the face of global changes, and further research and analysis will be necessary to find a fair and balanced approach to this issue.Актуальність. У сучасному світі питання евтаназії залишається однією з найскладніших і найсуперечливіших тем у сфері медичної етики, паліативної допомоги, психосоціальних та юридичних аспектів. Питання евтаназії торкається не лише прав людини, а й глибинних моральних і філософських принципів суспільства, на яких будуються основи гуманності, допомоги та сприйняття цінності людського життя, викликаючи палкі дебати серед лікарів, законодавців, релігійних лідерів і звичайних громадян. З одного боку, евтаназія може розглядатися як прояв гуманізму, що дозволяє людям уникнути нестерпного болю і завершити життя гідно, а з іншого боку, існують серйозні ризики зловживань і порушень прав найвразливіших груп населення, таких як люди похилого віку, пацієнти з невиліковними, термінальними, хронічними захворюваннями та пацієнти з психічними розладами. У різних країнах світу підходи до регулювання евтаназії суттєво відрізняються, що вимагає глибокого аналізу, порівняння практик і розуміння соціальних, психологічних і юридичних аспектів цього складного явища. У світлі нових глобальних тенденцій, які акцентують увагу на індивідуальних правах, технологічних інноваціях і соціальних змінах, дослідження теми евтаназії стає надзвичайно актуальним та необхідним для пошуку збалансованих рішень.
Мета. Всебічно проаналізувати практику та ставлення до евтаназії в різних країнах світу, з акцентом на законодавчі, соціальні, психологічні та етичні аспекти. Вивчити чинні підходи до регулювання евтаназії, оцінити вплив цих підходів на вразливі групи населення, медичну спільноту та суспільство в цілому. Окреслити глобальні тенденції та перспективи розвитку в цій сфері, враховуючи технологічні інновації та етичні виклики, з якими людство може зіткнутися в майбутньому.
Матеріали та методи. Наукові публікації, законодавчі акти, міжнародні угоди, опитування громадської думки та соціологічні дослідження, що стосуються існуючих правових норм у країнах, де евтаназія легалізована, а також у тих країнах, де вона залишається забороненою. Методи дослідження включають порівняльний аналіз законодавчих систем, кількісний аналіз даних опитувань і соціологічних досліджень, а також якісний аналіз наукової та публіцистичної літератури, що висвітлює різні аспекти евтаназії.
Висновки. Евтаназія залишається надзвичайно складним і багатогранним, оскільки воно пов’язане з етичними, правовими, соціальними та психологічними аспектами, які глибоко переплітаються з культурними та релігійними традиціями суспільств. Аналіз практик різних країн показує, що легалізація евтаназії може сприяти забезпеченню права на гідну смерть, особливо для пацієнтів з невиліковними захворюваннями. Однак значні ризики, пов'язані з можливими зловживаннями та тиском на вразливі групи, такі як люди похилого віку, пацієнти з невиліковними, термінальними, хронічними захворюваннями та пацієнти з психічними розладами, залишаються серйозними перешкодами на шляху до глобального консенсусу.
Соціальні настрої та ставлення медичної спільноти демонструють значну різноманітність — від підтримки особистої автономії до занепокоєння щодо моральної відповідальності медиків. Окрім цього, зростання технологічного прогресу, зокрема розвиток штучного інтелекту та систем підтримки життя, ставить нові виклики для регулювання евтаназії, що вимагає адаптації законодавчих норм до нових реалій. У майбутньому дискусії щодо евтаназії, ймовірно, посилюватимуться на тлі глобальних змін, і подальші дослідження та аналіз будуть необхідними для пошуку справедливого та збалансованого підходу до цього питання
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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