1,722,077 research outputs found
Electromagnetic cascades and cascade nucleosynthesis in the early universe
Full text linkWe describe a calculation of electromagnetic cascading in radiation and matter in the early Universe initiated by the decay of massive particles or by some other process. We have used a combination of Monte Carlo and numerical techniques which enables us to use exact cross sections, where known, for all the relevant processes. In cascades initiated after the epoch of big bang nucleosynthesis γ rays in the cascades will photodisintegrate ⁴He, producing ³He and deuterium. Using the observed ³He and deuterium abundances we are able to place constraints on the cascade energy deposition as a function of cosmic time. In the case of the decay of massive primordial particles we place limits on the density of massive primordial particles as a function of their mean decay time, and on the expected intensity of decay neutrinos.Protheroe, R.J.; Stanev, T.; Berezinsky, V.S
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Atmospheric Shower Fluctuations And The Constant Intensity Cut Method
No full textWe explore the constant intensity cut method that is widely used for the derivation of the cosmic ray energy spectrum, for comparisons of data obtained at different atmospheric depths, for measuring average shower profiles, and for estimates of the proton-air cross section from extensive air shower data. The constant intensity cut method is based on the selection of air showers by charged particle or muon size and therefore is subject to intrinsic shower fluctuations. We demonstrate that, depending on the selection method, shower fluctuations can strongly influence the characteristics of the selected showers. Furthermore, a mixture of different primaries in the cosmic ray flux complicates the interpretation of measurements based on the method of constant intensity cuts. As an example we consider data published by the Akeno Collaboration. The interpretation of the Akeno measurements suggests that more than 60-70% of cosmic ray primaries in the energy range 10 16 - 10 17 eV are heavy nuclei. Our conclusions depend only weakly on the hadronic interaction model chosen to perform the simulations, namely SIBYLL and QGSJET. © 2002 The American Physical Society.6612J. Alvarez-Muñiz et al. (in preparation)Hara, T., (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett., 50, p. 2058Baltrusaitis, R.M., (1984) Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, p. 1380Honda, M., (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, p. 525Aglietta, M., (1997) Proceedings of the 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 6, p. 37. , Durban, South Africa, (World Scientific, Singapore, 1997)Aglietta, M., (1999) Proceedings of the 26th Int'l Cosmic Ray Conference, 1, p. 143. , Salt Lake City, (AIP, Melville, NY)Aglietta, M., (1999) Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), 75 A, p. 222Ellsworth, R.W., (1982) Phys. Rev. D, 26, p. 336Bradt, H., (1965) Proceedings of the 9th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2, p. 715. , London, (The Institute of Physics and the Physical Society, London, 1965)M. Ave, J. Knapp, J. Lloyd-Evans, M. Marchesini, and A.A. Watson, astro-ph/0112253Alvarez-Munĩz, J., Engel, R., Gaisser, T.K., Ortiz, J.A., Stanev, T., (2002) Phys. Rev. D, 66, p. 033011Nagano, M., Watson, A.A., (2000) Rev. Mod. Phys., 72, p. 689Engel, R., Gaisser, T.K., Lipari, P., Stanev, T., (1999) Proceedings of the 26th Int'l Cosmic Ray Conference, 1, p. 415. , Salt Lake City, (AIP, Melville, NY)Engel, R., Gaisser, T.K., Stanev, T., (2001) Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference, p. 431. , Hamburg, Germany, (Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlemburg-Lindau, 2001)Kalmykov, N.N., Ostapchenko, S.S., Pavlov, A.I., (1997) Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), 52 B, p. 17Nagano, M., (1984) J. Phys. G, 10, p. 1295Ulrich, H., (2001) Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference, p. 97. , Hamburg, Germany, (Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlemburg-Lindau, 2001)Abu-Zayyad, T., (2001) Astropart. Phys., 16, p. 1Swordy, S.P., (2002) Astropart.Phys., 18, p. 129Gaisser, T., (1974) Nature (London), 248, p. 122Nikolaev, N.N., (1993) Phys. Rev. D, 48, pp. R1904Engel, R., Gaisser, T.K., Lipari, P., Stanev, T., (1998) Phys. Rev. D, 58, p. 014019not
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Update On Atmospheric Neutrinos
Full text linkWe discuss the impact of recent experimental results on the determination of atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters. We use all published results on atmospheric neutrinos, including the preliminary large statistics data of Super-Kamiokande. We reanalyze the data in terms of both vμ → vτ and vμ → ve channels using new improved calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. We compare the sensitivity attained in atmospheric neutrino experiments with those of accelerator and reactor neutrino oscillation searches, including the recent CHOOZ experiment. We briefly comment on the implications of atmospheric neutrino data in relation to future searches for neutrino oscillations with long baselines, such as the K2K, MINOS, ICARUS, and NOE experiments.5833300413300413Gaisser, T.K., (1997) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, p. 211. , Neutrino '96, Helsinki, Finland, edited by K. Enquist, K. Huitu, and J. 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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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