1,721,052 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Contribution to the outcome prediction after cardiac arrest Contribution à la prédiction du devenir des patients après un arrêt cardiaque
Full text linkWith this doctoral thesis we aimed to contribute to the improvement of outcome prediction after cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest represents a high burden on the individual patients as well as on our society. With an in-hospital death rate of approximatively 50 percent of initially successfully resuscitated patients, there is a need for adequate outcome prediction. By taking the advantage of an established biobank with blood samples from 700 patients included in the “Target Temperature Management trial” (TTM), we were able to test 2 biomarkers used in outcome prediction, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the neuron enriched protein S100. We could show that NSE is the more robust outcome predictor when it is measured serially after cardiac arrest. An increase of NSE over time, associated with high absolute values, is strongly predictive of poor outcome. S100 has also a good predictive capacity, but because of a steady decrease over time in all outcome groups only the 24 hour time point was the most sensitive. Interestingly, the level of targeted temperature did not have an influence on the levels and the prediction capacities of both studied biomarkers. Within our local observational study cohort (NorthPole project), we performed an analysis of the outcome prediction capacities of the bispectral index (BIS), a simplified neurophysiological tool. We were able to demonstrate that BIS is not only capable of detecting patients with a poor outcome, but this can also be done very early. Indeed, when mean BIS values over the first 12.5 or even 6.5 hours are low respectively very low, then outcome is very likely to be poor. This finding is important since it illustrates that BIS has the potential for very early outcome prediction or triage of patients. As a consequence of our previous work, we combined BIS and biomarkers and were able to show that adding S100 (or NSE) to BIS improved outcome prediction substantially, whereas adding both biomarkers to BIS did not further improve adequacy compared to one biomarker plus BIS. This approach is interesting since it combines a biomarker to a neurophysiological test and thus comprises two different brain damage entities for prognostication. Finally, we also investigated the role of a new kind of biomarkers: miRNA. We were the first to describe a biosignature after cardiac arrest based on miRNA in our proof of concept study.Using a micro array analysis including 695 miRNA we determined two miRNA that were differentially expressed. With an in vitro model of neuronal cell cultures and quantitative PCR, we were able to detect miR-122 and miR-21 as outcome predictors after cardiac arrest.With this work, we could improve the accuracy of outcome prediction by the routinely used biomarkers NSE and S100. We could furthermore show that the level of target temperature management does not significantly influence these biomarkers. BIS is a promising and simple neurophysiological technique that bears the potential to predict outcome earlier than 24 hours after cardiac arrest. A sensible combination of different and selected outcome predictors may further increase prediction accuracy. Novel biomarkers are under investigation and they may, besides an improvement in outcome prediction, also bear potential therapeutic implications because of their inherent regulatory functions in gene expression.RÉSUMÉAvec ce travail nous avons voulu contribuer à l’amélioration de la prédiction neurologique après arrêt cardiaque. L’arrêt cardiaque représente un lourd fardeau, à la fois pour le patient et son entourage, ainsi que pour la société. Avec une mortalité intra-hospitalière des patients initialement réanimés avec succès qui avoisine les 50 pourcent, il y a un besoin de disposer de moyens de prédiction fiables.Nous avons pu bénéficier des échantillons de biobanque des quelque 700 patients ayant fait partie de l’étude « Target Temperature Management » (TTM) pour tester deux biomarqueurs utilisés dans la prédiction neurologique, la « neuron specific enolase » (NSE) et la « neuron enriched protein S100 » (S100). Nous avons pu démontrer que la NSE est le meilleur des deux biomarqueurs quand on le mesure en série après un arrêt cardiaque. Une augmentation des valeurs de NSE au fil du temps, associée à des valeurs absolues élevées est un fort indicateur de mauvais pronostic neurologique. La protéine S100 a également une bonne capacité prédictive, mais en raison d’une diminution des valeurs de S100 au fil du temps dans tous les groupes, seulement la valeur à 24 heures était la plus adaptée pour la prédiction. Nous avons également pu démontrer que le niveau de la gestion de la température corporelle n’avait aucune influence significative sur les biomarqueurs.Grâce à notre projet local NorthPole, nous avons pu étudier les capacités de prédiction d’une approche neurophysiologique simplifiée, le BIS (bispectral index). Nous avons démontré que le BIS est non seulement capable de détecter les patients avec un mauvais pronostic, mais qu’il permet également de faire cela précocement. En effet, si les valeurs moyennes de BIS restent basses, voire très basses au cours des premières 12.5 respectivement 6.5 heures après l’admission en réanimation, ceci est associé à un mauvais pronostic. Ceci est important puisque peu de facteurs prédictifs sont valables avant 24 heures et que le BIS a donc un potentiel pour devenir un outil de prédiction précoce ou de triage des patients.Suite à nos travaux préliminaires nous avons combiné le BIS à des biomarqueurs et nous avons pu démontrer la valeur ajoutée de cette approche. La combinaison entre un biomarqueur (S100 ou NSE) au BIS a permis d’améliorer substantiellement la capacité de prédiction tandis que rajouter les deux biomarqueurs au BIS n’a pas permis d’améliorer davantage l’adéquation de la prédiction. Cette approche est intéressante puisqu’elle combine un biomarqueur avec une mesure neurophysiologique simple et comprend donc deux entités distinctes pour la prédiction : l’une lésionnelle et l’autre fonctionnelle.Enfin, nous avons investigué le rôle d’une nouvelle catégorie de biomarqueurs, les microRNA (miRNA). Nous avons été les premiers à décrire une biosignature basée sur des miRNA après arrêt cardiaque dans cette étude de faisabilité. Grâce à l’étude par microarrays comprenant 695 miRNA, nous avons pu identifier deux miRNA qui ont été exprimés de façon différentielle en fonction du devenir neurologique : le miR-21 et le miR-122. Avec un modèle in vitro sur des cultures de cellules neuronales et ensuite par une analyse PCR quantitative, nous avons pu déterminer un pouvoir prédictif de ces deux miRNA.Avec cette thèse, nous avons pu contribuer à l’amélioration des moyens pronostiques après arrêt cardiaque grâce aux biomarqueurs disponibles en routine, NSE et S100. En plus, nous avons montré que le niveau de la température ciblée n’influe pas de façon significative les biomarqueurs. Le BIS est un outil neurophysiologique simple et prometteur en ce qui concerne la prédiction neurologique précoce, avant 24 heures après l’arrêt cardiaque. Une combinaison censée entre différents prédicteurs permettrait d’améliorer encore davantage l’adéquation de la prédiction. Les nouveaux biomarqueurs qui sont actuellement le sujet d’une recherche intensive pourraient, en outre de leur capacité de prédiction, aussi avoir un rôle thérapeutique potentiel inhérent à leur fonction de régulation de l’expression génétique
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Contribution to the outcome prediction after cardiac arrest Contribution \ue0 la pr\ue9diction du devenir des patients apr\ue8s un arr\ueat cardiaque
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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