1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Presentment of Englishry at the Eyre of Kent, 1313
Get PDFThe development of the common law in medievalEnglandwas one of the most important forces driving the unification of the kingdom. Law was not always applied uniformly, however. In 1313 a panel of royal justices was sent to thecountyofKentto record crimes, collect fines, and see that justice had been served. The justices informed the people ofKentthat they would be allowed to keep their unique customs. One custom the people claimed was that they did not present the English ancestry of slain individuals, a practice which had a complex history and relationship with the murder fine. To validate this claim, the people ofKentmade an appeal to the past, to the Norman Conquest. Detailed analysis of the records from the eyre ofKent, and those of several other eyres throughout the kingdom, shows how presentment of Englishry evolved over time and space. Royal charters, legal treatises and other sources show how presentment of Englishry was defined and how it related to homicide. Ultimately, the appeal to the past was overridden in favor of recent documentation which proved to the justices that Englishry had been presented inKentat the last eyre and thus should be in the current eyre of 1313. This marks an important transition—the recent past gained the authority that the distant past once commanded
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Developing an Ethical Framework for Affective Computing Applications
No full textSensing technologies increasingly common in both private and public spaces present the opportunity for systems aware of and responsive to human emotion (affective computing). The personal and social consequences of affective computing applications in ubiquitous computing environments are not well understood. This theses seeks to illuminate these potential impacts by analyzing three types of human-computer interaction described in an account of a neighborhood'sexperience with smart home security cameras, applying the Process-Person-Context-Time model?an ecological systems theory model commonly used in social science and developmental psychology research?to a design scenario and set of counterfactuals. This approach highlights potential developmental consequences of this technology and the interconnected effects of interaction, informing a preliminary framework for considering the ethical application of affective computing in private and shared spaces. This framework aims to support ethical decision-making regarding affective computing technology by researchers, designers, policy makers, and everyday users and other stakeholders
Between Solutionism and Relevance: Exploring Environmental Justice and Community Biology Laboratory Technology Praxis
No full textEnvironmental justice (EJ) advocates know the of harms caused by inequality in the distribution of pollution, toxins, and other products of industrial activity. They have a keen understanding of developments in science and technology, some which have led to these injustices and others which may ameliorate harms. Concurrently, community biology laboratories bring together professionals and non-professionals with shared interests and curiosity regarding science and technology. This dissertation explores how human-centered computing might develop a praxis based in community lab culture supporting and supported by EJ. Through interviews with EJ advocates based in North America and observant participation in Baltimore-based EJ organizing activities, we identified a desire for community-led and anti-solutionist digital technology. This knowledge is brought to bear on a two-year ethnographic study of a community lab, the Baltimore Underground Science Space (BUGSS), including interviews with leaders of five community labs in the United States. This ethnographic work, with emphasis on youth participation in the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition and on bioart, informs an understanding of the foundational principles and practices of community labs. Crossing these two studies, the concept of liminality is used to examine implications for transdisciplinary human-computer interaction (HCI) research, such as community-led investigations intersecting with EJ, biotechnology, and sustainable development. Liminal experience may work as a means through which individuals and communities in more-than-human configurations can move between hegemonic- and community value-driven states. This dissertation contributes to human-centered computing as it is concerned with sustainability, design justice, and the incorporation of biotechnology and living organisms into design. It (1) identifies a vision for digital technology design that supports EJ organizing efforts as one that prioritizes community-led and anti-solutionist approaches, and identifies liminality as a naturally occurring and designed resource for creative and community-led transformation; (2) describes the foundations and practices of community labs and how these can be co-supportive with EJ organizing by promoting cultural relevance; and (3) raises the possibility of shared curiosity as a basis for community engagement and public participation in science and technology. These contribute a new way to structure what it means to engage community in technology design and evaluation, demonstrating productive ways that non-expert communities can form transdisciplinary coalitions to question, push back, and subvert existing structures of power
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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