1,721,017 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Structure fonctionnelle du plasmidome rhizosphérique dans un contexte de contamination aux hydrocarbures
Get PDFLa phytoremédiation, la technique de bioremédiation qui utilise les plantes, est considérée comme une technologie « verte » et efficace pour décontaminer des sols pollués aux hydrocarbures. Les plantes agissent essentiellement à travers la stimulation des microorganismes de la rhizosphère, où l’exsudation racinaire semble être le moteur majeur de l’activité microbienne qui s’y déroule. Beaucoup de gènes responsables de l’adaptation bactérienne, dans le sol contaminé ou dans la rhizosphère, semblent être portés par les plasmides conjugatifs et transférés entre les bactéries. Une meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène pourrait améliorer le développement de techniques de manipulation du microbiome rhizosphérique afin d’accélérer la bioremédiation.
Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier le plasmidome, soit le contenu total en plasmides, de la rhizosphère de saules provenant d’un sol contaminé aux hydrocarbures. Des analyses métagénomiques, de données obtenues à partir d’un séquençage Illumina, ont été utilisées pour étudier les fonctions portées par les plasmides. Nos résultats ont indiqué un fort effet de la contamination aux hydrocarbures sur la composition des plasmides. De plus, les plasmides contenaient des gènes impliqués dans de nombreuses voies métaboliques, telles que la biodégradation d’hydrocarbures, la production d’énergie, la transduction du signal, le chimiotactisme, et les métabolismes des sucres, acides aminés et métabolites secondaires. À ce jour, c’est la première étude de métagénomique comparative documentant la diversité des plasmides dans un contexte de phytoremédiation. Ces résultats fournissent de nouvelles connaissances sur le rôle du transfert latéral de gènes dans l’adaptation bactérienne dans la rhizosphère et dans le sol contaminé aux hydrocarbures.Phytoremediation, a bioremediation technique that uses plants, is considered to be an effective and affordable “green technology” to clean up hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Plants essentially act indirectly through the stimulation of rhizosphere microorganisms. Root exudation is thought to be one of the predominant drivers of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and is therefore a potential key factor behind enhanced hydrocarbon biodegradation. Many of the genes responsible for bacterial adaptation in contaminated soil and the plant rhizosphere are thought to be carried by conjugative plasmids and transferred among bacteria. A better understanding of these phenomena could thus inform the development of techniques to manipulate the rhizospheric microbiome in ways that improve hydrocarbon bioremediation.
This research aims to study the plasmidome (the overall plasmid content) in the rhizosphere of willow growing in hydrocarbon contaminated and non-contaminated soils, as compared with unplanted soil. Metagenomic analyses based on Illumina sequencing were used to highlight functions carried by plasmids. Our results indicate a strong effect of hydrocarbon contamination on plasmid composition. Furthermore, plasmids harbored genes involved in several metabolic pathways, such as hydrocarbon biodegradation, energy production, signal transduction, chemotaxis, metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids and secondary metabolites. To date, this is the first comparative soil metagenomics documenting the plasmidome diversity in a phytoremediation system. The results provide new knowledge on the role of lateral gene transfer in the bacterial adaptation in rhizosphere and in hydrocarbon contaminated soil
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Le microbiome fongique de la rhizosphère du canola : structure et variations
Get PDFLes champignons de la rhizosphère ont une grande influence sur le développement et la croissance des plantes. Certains de ces micro-organismes protègent les plantes contre les pathogènes, atténuent l'impact des stress abiotiques ou facilitent la nutrition des plantes. Ces organismes s'influencent mutuellement et forment des réseaux complexes d'interactions. Déterminer le fonctionnement du microbiome fongique de la rhizosphère des plantes cultivées est une étape nécessaire pour optimiser l'efficacité de la production végétale. Nous avons testé les hypothèses suivantes : (1) la diversification des systèmes de culture influe sur le microbiome fongique de la rhizosphère du canola; (2) le canola a un core microbiome, soit un ensemble de champignons toujours associés au canola quelles que soit les conditions du milieu; et (3) que certains de ces taxons ont une influence déterminante sur la structure des communautés (taxons nodaux) dans le core microbiome. Pour ce faire, en 2013 et 2016, nous avons échantillonné à la floraison, la phase de canola (Brassica napus) du système de culture, qui est l'un des deux types de canola (Roundup Ready® et Liberty Link®), utilisés dans le cadre d'une expérience de terrain à long terme (6 ans). Lacombe (Alberta), Lethbridge (Alberta) et Scott (Saskatchewan). En utilisant le séquençage d’amplicon par illumina, nous avons obtenus des résultats qui montrent que la diversification des cultures a un impact significatif sur la structure des communautés fongiques de la rhizosphère. Nous avons également découvert et décrit un core microbiome constitué de 47 OTU (Unité Taxonomique Opérationnelle) en 2013 et identifié Preussia funiculata, Schizothecium sp., Mortierella sp., Nectria sp. ainsi que deux taxons inconnus (OTU12 et OTU298) comme taxons nodaux parmi ce core microbiome. Cependant ce core microbiome s’est montré variable, et nous n’avons pu identifier qu’un OTU y appartenant en 2016 : Olpidium Brassicae. Nos résultats permettent de confirmer l’impact de la diversité culturale sur le microbiome fongique du canola et sont présentés comme une base pour le développement de stratégies d'ingénierie écologique pour l'amélioration de la production de canola.The fungi in the rhizosphere have a large influence on plant development and growth. Some of these micro-organisms protect plants against pathogens, mitigate the impact of abiotic stress, or facilitate plant nutrition. These organisms influence each other and form complex webs of interactions. Deciphering the structure and function of the fungal microbiome of crop plant rhizosphere is a necessary step toward optimizing the efficiency of plant production. We tested the hypotheses that (1) the diversification of cropping systems influences the fungal microbiome of canola rhizosphere, (2) canola has a fungal core microbiome, i.e. a set of fungi that are always associated with canola, and (3) that some taxa have a determining influence on the structure of the communities (hub-taxa) within the core microbiome. In 2013 and 2016 we used the canola (Brassica napus) phase of five cropping system at blooming stage, from the less to the most diversified, that included one of two types of canola (Roundup Ready® and Liberty Link®), in an existing long-term (6 years) field experiment. The experiment has a randomized complete block design with four blocks, and is replicated at three locations: Lacombe (Alberta), Lethbridge (Alberta) and Scott (Saskatchewan). Our results show that crop diversification has significant impact on the structure of rhizosphere fungal communities. We also discover and described a canola core microbiome made of 47 OTUs in 2013 and identified Preussia funiculata, Schizothecium sp., Mortierella sp., Nectria sp. and two other unidentified taxa (OTU12 and OTU298) as the hub-taxa among this core. However this core microbiome was variable and could identify only one member in 2016 : Olpidium brassicae. Our results confirmed the effect of crop diversification upon the fungal microbiome of canola and are presented as a basis for the development of ecological engineering strategies for the improvement of canola production
Rôles des modifications de la microflore bactérienne et de l'exudation racinaire de la tomate par la symbiose mycorhizienne dans le biocontrôle sur le Phytophthora nicotianae
Get PDFThèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
Extent of intra-isolate genetic polymorphism in glomus etunicatum using a molecular genetic approach
No full textMémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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