1,720,970 research outputs found
Behandling av selvskade - hva virker, og hva virker ikke?
No full textSelvskading øker i en rekke land og spesielt blant unge jenter. Formålet med denne artikkelen er å presenterebred kunnskap om behandling av selvskade. Resultater fra randomiserte kontrollstudier og effektstudier, kunnskapfra psykoterapiforskning, samt funn fra kvalitative studier gjengis for å diskutere om noen behandlingsmodeller ellerintervensjoner er bedre enn andre. Det fremheves at noen behandlingsmodeller viser effekt, men at det er uklarthvordan spesifikke og felles behandlingsfaktorer, samt felles elementer på tvers av behandlingsmodellene, harinnvirkning på behandlingsutfall. Forfatteren argumenterer for betydningen av å utforske hvilken funksjon selvskadingen har i den enkeltes hverdag. Behandlingsmodellene fremhever i ulik grad selvskade som affektreguleringsstrategi og fokuserer på alternative mestringsstrategier, som forsøk på representasjon og kommunikasjon og fokuserer på å finne nye uttrykk for opplevelser, eller som eksistensiell og relasjonell utforskning og fokuserer på tilliti terapirelasjonen. Et heterogent perspektiv på forskningsmetoder, behandlingsmodeller og selvskadingens funksjon er viktig for å forstå et komplekst fenomen som selvskade. Heterogenitet i tiltak og intervensjonsfokus bør vektes i enhver behandlingssammenheng fordi pasientene erforskjellige. Kunnskap om selvskade bør også relateres til utviklingspsykologiske utfordringer i ungdomstiden ogsosiokulturelle faktorer for å forstå økningen i selvskade blant ungdom generelt og unge jenter spesielt
The punished self, the unknown self, and the harmed self: towards a more nuanced understanding of self-harm in adolescence Submitted
No full textDuring the transitional age of adolescence, some – often girls – begin self-harming. A better understanding of their subjective experience of self-harm may reveal their sense of self and inform treatment adjustments.
A meta-synthesis of 20 qualitative studies highlighted self-harm as attempts to: 1) obtain release, 2) control feelings, 3) represent unaccepted feelings, and 4) connect with others.
Personal interviews with 21 adolescents (12-18 years of age) at an out-patient clinic showed how self-harm through body language both represents and communicates personal needs and problems, while at the same being kept “private”, so as not to be a burden to others.
This study of multiple clinical cases indicates diverse pathways into and out of self-harm. Self-harm was related to: 1) self-criticism, 2) diffuse stress, or 3) trauma. They appreciated finding their own way out – through self-supporting monologues, coping-strategies, or by receiving support – thus demonstrating a need for autonomy.
There seems to be three sub-types with different self-states during self-harming: 1) “I deserve it” (the punished self), 2) “I don’t want to feel anything” (the unknown self), and 3) “I’m harmed, and no one cares” (the harmed self)
The Punished Self, the Unknown Self, and the Harmed Self – Toward a More Nuanced Understanding of Self-Harm Among Adolescent Girls
No full textSelf-harm among adolescents, mostly girls, has increased in the last years. Self-harm is associated with mental illness and the risk of suicide. This qualitative study aims to explore the lived experience of self-harm as it is related to everyday life and challenges among adolescents. Nineteen girls (13–18 years of age) in a clinical population (strategic selection) participated in personal interviews analyzed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to capture how they made meaning of self-harm and essential features of experiencing self-harm. Adult persons with the first-hand experience of self-harm were included in the research analysis. Data-analysis resulted in three superordinate themes which all speak about ways to handle inner pain and vulnerability: 1. “I deserve pain,” 2. “I don't want to feel anything,” and 3. “I'm harmed, and no one cares.” Each superordinate theme included four main themes characterizing essential features of difficult experiences during self-harm, the purpose of the action, self-descriptions, and the role of others during self-harm. The three superordinate themes are discussed as emerging self-representations – “the punished self,” “the unknown self,” and “the harmed self” – during the transitional age of adolescence. This article argues that subjective personal data on self-harm related to adolescents' everyday lives may indicate diversity in the capacity to integrate difficult needs, feelings, and traumatic experiences as part of the self. This knowledge may bring a nuanced understanding of self-harm in adolescence, enhance self-understanding and treatment motivation, and inform clinical adjustment
‘I chose the bad’: Youth's meaning making of being involved in self-harm content online during adolescence
No full textThis article aims to explore how young adults (18–23) who have a history of self-harm experienced involvement in self-harm content online during adolescence. The qualitative data analysis follows the steps of Interpretative phenomenological analysis and resulted in four meta-themes: (1) ‘Solitude during adolescence—finally found a place to fit in’, (2) ‘Tempting but dangerous—a game that never should end’, (3) ‘Searching for self—it was like an online diary’ and (4) ‘No one in charge’. Each superordinate theme characterizes essential features of subjective reasons for becoming involved in and their way out of self-harm content online. Digital involvement is discussed in light of developmental challenges during adolescence—such as exploration of borders, autonomy and self-identity formation. For lonely people, online involvement with self-harm content may enable ‘a potential space’ in between reality and fiction sufficient for relational and personal exploration. Involvement in self-harm content online may cover a need to belong, to express and share problems, and for support. This knowledge should inform clinicians to ask patients about involvement in risk content online and motivate decision-makers to develop ways to detect and support vulnerable adolescents online and offline
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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