1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Pluripotent stem cells as research models : the examples of trinucleotide repeat instability and X-chromosome inactivatio
Full text linkEls models de malalties són una eina bàsica per la comprensió de les malalties humanes. Actualment, la majoria de la informació de la que disposem de malalties humanes es basa en models animals. Tot i això, els models animals difereixen molecular i fenotípicament dels humans, i no sempre reprodueixen fidelment la malaltia humana. En les últimes dècades, les cèl·lules mare humanes s'han establert com una opció molt interessant en el camp de la modelització cel·lular. En aquest treball hem volgut caracteritzar les cèl·lules mare embrionàries com a models per a l'estudi de la inestabilitat de la repetició de trinucleotids a la distròfia miotonica tipus 1 (DM1) i la malaltia de Huntington (HD). Així mateix, hem volgut estudiar la inactivació del cromosoma X amb la intenció de fer servir linees cel·lulars com a models per l'estudi del desenvolupament embrionàri humà. A la primera part d'aquest treball, hem observant una inestabilitat de repeticions de trinucleotids significativa al locus de la malaltia DM1 de les cèl·lules mare estudiades. La diferenciació d'aquestes cèl·lules va estabilitzar el número de repeticions. L'estabilització de les repeticions va ser concomitant amb la regulació a la baixa de l'expressió de gens involucrats en els mecanismes de reparació cel·lular. Posteriorment a la publicació del nostre article, altres grups varen reproduir els nostres resultats, però en aquest cas utilitzant cèl·lules mare induïdes. Els estudis recolzen la reproductibilitat dels nostres resultats, suggerint que poden ser extrapol·lats a altres linees de cèl·lules mare arreu del mon. Referent a la mutació de HD, varem trobar que era estable en totes les condicions estudiades, en cèl·lules indiferenciades, diferenciades a progenitors d'os, teratomes i progenitors neurals. Aquests resultats estan en concordancia amb els resultats obtinguts per altres grups que descriuen un baix nombre de repeticions al locus de HD. Per altra banda, varis grups han descrit la presencia de inestabilitat de les repeticions en cèl·lules diferenciades a la linea neural. La discrepància entre els nostres resultats i aquests últims podria ser deguda a la obtenció de cèl·lules neurals menys madures en el moment del nostre estudi. A la segona part d'aquesta tesis hem estudiat la inactivació del cromosoma X en 23 línies femenines de cèl·lules mare pluripotents. Vàrem observar una ràpida progressió de les cèl·lules de dependència de XIST en la inactivació del cromosoma X cap a un estat d'adaptació al cultiu que es caracteritza per un estadi de inactivació independent de l'expressió de XIST i amb una erosió de la metilació. També describim un patró d'inactivació esbiaixat en la majoria de les línies estudiades, contrari al patró aleatori observat en cèl·lules femenines adultes. A més a més, aquest patró és independent de XIST, de l'origen del cromosoma X i d'aberracions cromosòmiques. Aquests resultats suggereixen que el patró esbiaixat observant esta dirigit provablement per l'activació o repressió d'al·lels específics que es troben en el cromosoma X i que li confereixen a la cèl·lula un avantatge respecte a les altres cèl·lules. En conclusió, les cèl·lules mare pluripotents semblen ser un bon model in vitro per a l'estudi d'ambdues malalties, DM1 i HD, ja que presenten el mateix patró d'inestabilitat de la repetició del trinucleotid que s'observa in vivo. Cal remarcar també la depencia Overall, hPSC appear to be a good in vitro model for the study of both DM1 and HD TNR instability, as the repeat follows in vitro the same patterns as found in vivo, including its dependency of the 12R machinery, particularly in the case of DM1. However, our results on the study of the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) state suggest caution when using hPSC as early human developmental research models. The eroded state of XCI found in many of the hPSC lines, and the frequency of skewed XCI patterns suggests that these cells are not a good proxy to early embryonic cells, at least what XCI is concerned. Conversely, they may still provide an interesting model to study gene function and mechanisms implicatedDisease modelling is an essential tool for the understanding of human disease. Currently, much of the information we have on human diseases is based on animal models. However, animal models differ molecularly and phenotypically from humans, and are not always suitable to reproduce with fidelity human diseases. In the past decades, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have emerged as an interesting option in the field of cellular modelling, this development recently having taken up much momentum. In this work, we aimed at characterizing hPSC as models for the study of Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and Huntington's disease (HD) trinucleotide repeat (TNR) instability and to investigate the status of the X-chromosome inactivation with an eye on using these cells as models for early human development. In the first part of our work, we observed a significant TNR instability for the DM1 locus in hESC, and that differentiation resulted in a stabilization of the repeat. This stabilization was concommitant with a downregulation of the mismatch repair (MMR). Our results were later replicated in hiPSC by other researchers, showing their reproducibility and suggesting they may be extrapolated to other hPSC lines worldwide. Regarding the HD repeat, we found it was very stable in all conditions studied, both in undifferentiated hESC and cells differentiated into osteogenic progenitor-like cells, teratoma cells and neural progenitors. This is in line with other studies showing that hESC show very limited TNR in the HD locus. On the other hand, some groups have now reported some instability of this locus in cells differentiated into the neuronal lineage. The instability seen in neuronal lineage in later studies, not in our study, is probably explained by the use of hPSC derived neurons more similar to the cells showing in vivo instability than the ones we were able to generate at the time of the study. In the second part of the thesis we studied the X-chromosome inactivation in 23 female hPSC lines. We found that hPSC rapidly progress from a XIST-dependent XCI state to a culture-adapted, XIST-independent XCI state with loss of repressive histone modifications and erosion of methylation. We also report a remarkably high incidence of non-random XCI patterns, and that this skewing of the methylation patterns is independent from the transition to the XIST-independent XCI state, the origin of the X chromosome or chromosomal aberrations. These results suggest that XCI skewing is possibly driven by the activation or repression of a specific allele on the X chromosome, conferring a growth or survival advantage to the cells. Overall, hPSC appear to be a good in vitro model for the study of both DM1 and HD TNR instability, as the repeat follows in vitro the same patterns as found in vivo, including its dependency of the MMR machinery, particularly in the case of DM1. However, our results on the study of the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) state suggest caution when using hPSC as early human developmental research models. The eroded state of XCI found in many of the hPSC lines, and the frequency of skewed XCI patterns suggests that these cells are not a good proxy to early embryonic cells, at least what XCI is concerned. Conversely, they may still provide an interesting model to study gene function and mechanisms implicated
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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