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The role of ultrasonography for assessment of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in the emergency department
No full textPseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is a condition of still obscure etiology, characterized by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure but no detectable intracranial CSF compositional anomalies or abnormalities of the brain parenchyma. This syndrome generally affects adult obese individuals, especially females, but it has been frequently described also in the pediatric population. Pediatric PTCS has been reported in association with secondary factors (e.g., medical illness, infections, endocrine disturbances, drug intoxication) that seem to augment intracranial pressure in a still unexplained way. Clinical signs and symptoms of PTCS in children include headache and papilledema at the funduscopic examination. The diagnosis of PTCS in children and adults usually involves brain imaging to exclude intracranial mass and/or vascular anomalies; the lumbar puncture is also crucial to confirming elevated CSF pressure
(>250 mmH2O) and, lately, normal CSF contents at the chemical-physical examination. In recent years, ultrasonography has acquired an emerging role in the initial assessment of patient suspected to have PTCS. In fact, ocular ultrasounds allow the detection of optic disc swelling, suggestive of papilledema; additionally, ultrasonography allows the measurement of the retrobulbar optic nerve sheath diameter, which has been proposed as a noninvasive (indirect) method to assess the intracranial pressure. Ultrasound examination of the optic disc may therefore represent an important adjunct to funduscopic examination when assessing children with headache and/or visual disturbances, especially in the setting of the emergency department. We briefly discuss the application of ultrasonography in the assessment of pediatric patients with PTCS
Cognitive and behavioural changes after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease
Full text linkCognitive and behavioural disturbances in patients with Parkinson’s disease seem to be
relatively more frequent after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, as
compared with deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. This finding might be
at least partially due to the fact that the subthalamic nucleus is a smaller target, with
different neural circuits (motor, associative, and limbic circuits) in close proximity to each
other. Thus, electrode misplacements or current spreading to non-motor circuits involving
the subthalamic nucleus may give rise to cognitive and behavioural disturbances after
subthalamic implants.On the whole, nonetheless, most studies agree about the view that the cognitive and
behavioural morbidity of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with
Parkinson’s disease can be considered relatively low, even in the long term, provided that
appropriate criteria are used to select candidates for neurosurgery. Further studies are certainly needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the postoperative cognitive and behavioural changes which may be observed in Parkinsonian patients treated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Spontaneous recovery from anti-NMDAR encephalitis
No full textEncephalitis associated with antibodies (Abs) to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) can occur in a paraneoplastic or non-paraneoplastic form. We report a young woman with non-paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR encephalitis who experienced spontaneous recovery
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Asymmetries in gender-related familiarity with different semantic categories. Data from normal adults
Full text linkThe mechanisms subsuming the brain organization of categories and the corresponding gender related asymmetries are controversial. Some authors believe that the brain organization of categories is innate, whereas other authors maintain that it is shaped by experience. According to these interpretations, gender-related asymmetries should respectively be inborn or result from the influence of social roles. In a previous study, assessing the familiarity of young students with different 'biological' and 'artefact' categories, we had observed no gender-related difference on any of these categories. Since these data could be due to the fact that our students belonged to a generation in which the traditional social roles have almost completely disappeared, we predicted that gender-related asymmetries should be found in older men and women. The familiarity of young and elderly men and women with various semantic categories was, therefore, studied presenting in the verbal and pictorial modality different kinds of living and artefact categories. Results confirmed the hypothesis, because elderly women showed a greater familiarity for flowers and elderly men for animals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis assuming that gender-related asymmetries for different semantic categories is due to the influence of gender-related social roles
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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