1,721,791 research outputs found
A study of the relationship between the general physical fitness of adolescents aged 15 – 19 years and their parents
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the degree of familial resemblance in general physical fitness between adolescents and their parents. Data was gathered from a sample of adolescent-parent pairs. Parents with children between the ages of 15-19 years of age were recruited by means of a poster campaign in the Abergele, Colwyn Bay and Llandudno postal areas of Conwy, North Wales. A sample of 32 adolescent-parent pairs was employed in this research. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and had anthropometric measures taken. The performance of adolescent-parent pairs was then measured for aerobic capacity, static strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. A correlational research design was employed for the project. The level of significance was set at p<0.01. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS (Version 14.0 for Windows). Familial correlation models were fitted directly to the data under the assumption that the family data follow a multivariate normal distribution. The results indicated significant parent - offspring resemblance for weight (0.50), aerobic capacity (0.52), muscular endurance (0.48) and flexibility (0.60) and significant father/son resemblance for weight (0.29), height (0.46) and grip strength (0.39), together with mother/daughter resemblance for weight (0.33) and height (0.48). The results suggest that familial and perhaps genetic, factors are important in explaining the variance in general physical fitness
Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and mechanisms of gastrooesophageal reflux in twins discordant for gastrooesophageal reflux symptoms
No full textP.19
TRANSIENT LOWER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER RELAXATION
AND MECHANISMS OF GASTROOESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN
TWINS DISCORDANT FOR GASTROOESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
SYMPTOMS
P. Iovino ∗,1, I. Mohammed2, R. Annggiansah 3, A. Anngiansah 3 ,
F. Cherkas 3, T. Spector3, N. Trudgill2
1Università Federico II, Napoli; 2Sandwell General Hospital, Birmingham;
3St Thomas Hospital, London
Background and aim: Transient Lower Oesophageal Sphincter Relaxation
(TLOSR) is the most frequent mechanism among several mechanical patterns
associated with reflux episodes. The aim of this study is to investigate TLOSR
in twin pairs who are discordant for gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
symptoms, i.e. only one of the pair has GORD symptoms to establish whether
differences in TLOSR may contribute to the aetiology of GORD.
Material and methods: 4 monozygotic (MZ) and 12 dizygotic (DZ) twin
pairs, who were repeatedly discordant for GORD symptoms over 2 years, were
studied. LOS function using a sleeve sensor and oesophageal pH were monitored
for 30 mins before and 60 mins after a 300 mls (1200 kcal) lipid meal.
Results: MZ twins were aged mean 63 (range 53-75) yrs and DZ twins
57 (44-74) years. TLOSR frequency increased from 1(0-2) to 2.5 (1-8)
per hour post-prandially (p= 0.001) in the symptomatic twins and from 0
(0-2) to 3(1-6) post-prandially in the asymptomatic twins (Median (range),
p=0.001). Comparison between groups revealed that there was no difference
in pre-prandial and post prandial TLOSR frequency. However no pre prandial
TLOSR were associated with acidic reflux (pH<4) compared with 38% of
post-prandial TLOSR. Acid reflux episodes (pH<4) increased post-prandiallyin both symptomatic and asymptomatic twins, but there was no differences
between the groups in pre or post-prandial acid reflux episode frequency
or total post-prandial acid exposure (symptomatic twins median 11 (range
0-1051)s, asymptomatic twins 4(0-487)s (p=0.4). Moreover preprandial LOS
pressure of 13 (4-29) mmHg fell to 8 (2-13)after the meal (p= 0.0001). No
difference was found in basal and post prandial lower esophageal sphincter
pressure readings between asymptomatic and symptomatic twins (p=0.2).
Conclusions: There was no difference in pre and post prandial TLOSR and in
LOS pressure in twins discordant for GORD symptoms.
# A. Oesophagus - 1. GER
A study of pathophysiological factors associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease in twins discordant for gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Gene-environment interaction between body mass index and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) gene in knee and hip osteoarthritis
Full text linkIntroduction: The objective was to investigate potential gene-environment interaction between body mass index (BMI) and each of eight TGFβ1 polymorphisms in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: We conducted a case-control study of Caucasian men and women aged 45 to 86 years from Nottingham, United Kingdom (Genetics of OA and Lifestyle (GOAL) study). Cases had clinically severe symptoms and radiographic knee or hip OA; controls had no symptoms and no radiographic knee/hip OA. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of TGFβ1 polymorphisms and OA when stratifying by BMI. Knee and hip OA were analyzed separately with adjustment for potential confounders. Additive and multiplicative interactions were examined.
Results: 2,048 cases (1,042 knee OA, 1,006 hip OA) and 967 controls were studied. For hip OA, the highest risk was in overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) individuals with the variant allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
rs1800468 (odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55, 3.15). Evaluation of gene-environment interaction indicated significant synergetic interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 0.93, synergy index (SI) = 4.33) with an attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) of 42% (AP = 0.42; 95% CI 0.16, 0.68). Multiplicative interaction was also significant (OR for interaction (ORINT) = 2.27, P = 0.015). For knee OA, the highest risk was in overweight individuals with homozygous genotype 11 of SNP rs2278422 (OR = 6.95, P < 0.001). In contrast, the variant allele indicated slightly lower risks (OR = 4.72, P < 0.001), a significant antagonistic interaction (RERI = -2.66, SI = 0.59), AP = -0.56 (95%CI -0.94, -0.17) and a significant multiplicative interaction (ORINT = 0.47, P = 0.013).
Conclusion: TGFβ1 gene polymorphisms interact with being overweight to influence the risk of large joint OA
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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