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Somatic cell count control strategies in dairy ewes
Get PDFThe consumption of milk products, especially made from raw milk, have been reported to be associated with food borne diseases. Since most sheep’s milk products are made from raw milk, it is clear how udder health is an important prerequisite to produce hygienic milk. Ewes with mastitis, particularly in their subclinical form, serve as reservoir of pathogens that can be shed into the milk and constitute a potential risk for human health. Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is not a public health concern itself but it is an indicator of the general state of udder health in a dairy sheep flock and can be used as an indication of hygienic milk and to improve safety of dairy products. This thesis presents three different strategies, within a comprehensive SCC control program in dairy ewes. All the studies were carried out at the University of Wisconsin, Madison dairy sheep research facility, which is the only University dairy sheep research station in North America. The study presented in Chapter 2 describes an automated method to assess SCC on farm. In Chapter 3 is presented a study aimed to determine the effect of intramammary antibiotic dry treatment on intramammary infection and somatic cell count in the subsequent lactation. Chapter 4 presents a study carried out to assess the impact of premilking teat sanitation on somatic cell count in dairy ewes. In Chapter 5 are presented the results of the combined effect of dry treatment and teat sanitation on SCC in dairy ewes
Impact of intramammary antimicrobial dry treatment and teat sanitation on somatic cell count and intramammary infection in dairy ewes
No full textMastitis of small dairy ruminants is usually subclinical, and coagulase negative staphylococci have been reported as the most commonly isolated pathogens. Intramammary antimicrobial therapy administered at dry off is one of the most effective tools for mastitis control in dairy cows. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of intramammary antimicrobial dry treatment given to milking ewes on prevalence of intramammary infection and somatic cell count in the subsequent lactation. The secondary objective was to assess the impact of premilking teat sanitation on somatic cell count. Milking ewes (n = 245) were randomly allocated to receive either an intramammary infusion of 300mg cephapirin benzathine (dry treated) or no dry treatment (not treated). After lambing, before the first mechanical milking, half udder milk samples were aseptically collected for bacteriology. Additional milk samples were collected at day 14–21 (follow up samples). Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most prevalent isolates and were recovered from 45 to 48% of culture positive milk samples. Milk samples obtained from ewes with 3 or more monthly somatic cell counts ≥400,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation were 5.6–7.5 times more likely to be microbiologically positive for mastitis pathogens as compared to milk samples obtained from ewes with SCC below that threshold. Dry treatment had a significant effect on somatic cell count in the subsequent lactation but did not influence the probability of intramammary infection at lambing or follow up sampling. Premilking teat sanitation did not show significant effect on somatic cell count
Epidemiology and Production Effects of subclinical mastitis in a milking sheep flock in Wisconsin
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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