1,743 research outputs found
m-sostero/telework-occupations: Release version of the teleworkability index
No full textCode and data for teleworking occupation
Firm-level bargaining and within-firm wage inequality: Evidence across Europe
No full textStarting from the 1990s the collective bargaining process in European economies has gradually shifted from centralised bargaining to firm-level agreements. This transition allows firms to change their internal wage structure responding to local conditions, with potentially contrasting effects on within-firm inequality. This paper examines the empirical association between firm-level bargaining and within-firm wage inequality, particularly the distance between wages of highly-paid and low-paid employees. We exploit employer-employee data from the European Structure of Earnings Survey spanning the period 2006-2018 for six European economies – Belgium, Spain, Germany, France, the Czech Republic and the UK – allowing to test for heterogeneity of main effects across different collective bargaining traditions and over time. The findings document ample heterogeneities in the estimated effect of firm-level bargaining, across countries and over time. At the same time, such heterogeneities do not map neatly into country-specific features of national bargaining systems or into broad classifications of countries based on prevailing bargaining levels
Innovation and within-firm wage inequalities: empirical evidence from major European countries
No full textA large literature analyses the links between wage inequality and technology, without explicitly taking into account within-firm wage dispersion. In this work we seek to fill this gap, exploiting a matched employeremployee dataset from a large representative survey on firms active in major European economies, providing several contributions. First, we employ different measures of within-firm wage dispersion, also accounting for wage differentials across managers vis-a-vis lower-layers occupations. Second, we disentangle the effects of innovation on wage dispersion within small vs. larger firms. Finally, we compare the effect of innovation across the spectrum between egalitarian and more unequal firms by means of quantile regressions. Our findings, robust to controlling for endogeneity and observed firm and workforce characteristics, suggest a good deal of heterogeneity. Indeed, innovation effects do vary according to the different measures of wage inequality, and also across smaller and larger innovative firms
Skill-Task dictionary
No full textThis table contains the "Skill-Task Dictionary" used to reconcile the skill descriptors found in online job advertisements with the JRC-Eurofound Task Taxonomy. Developed in Sostero, M. and Fernández-Macías, E., The Professional Lens: What Online Job Advertisements Can Say about Occupational Task Profiles, Seville: European Commission, 2021, JRC12591
Digitalization, routineness and employment: An exploration on Italian task-based data
No full textThis paper explores the relation between the digitalization of labour processes, the level of routineness of labour tasks and changes in employment in the case of Italy in the period 2011-16. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in more than 500 4-digit ISCO professional groups are measured using data from a unique Italian profession-level survey on skill, tasks and work contents – the INAPP-ISTAT Survey on Italian Occupations (ICP), an O*NET-type dataset. Two digitalization indices are used: a digital use index, measuring the use of computers and e-mail in the workplace, and a digital tasks index, capturing the presence of a set of key digital tasks, such as those related to programming or activities concerning the use of specialized hardware. The same dataset is used to compute a composite routine task intensity index. The descriptive evidence presented in the paper shows strong differences across occupations in the level of digitalization and routineness, and the presence of a negative relation between the two in most professional groups. The econometric estimates show that digital-intensive occupations tend to grow more than the rest of the workforce, particularly when digitalization is measured relying on the digital use indicator. The level of routineness, in turn, is negatively or, in some specifications, not significantly associated to employment change. However, occupations that are both digital and routine-intensive turn out to be penalized in terms of employment growth, providing further support to (and further qualifying) the the routine biased technological change (RBTC) hypothesis. In other words, our results show that the impact of digitalization on employment is mediated by the level of routineness characterizing the tasks bundled in each occupation
La domanda di competenze nel mercato del lavoro. Aspettative e realtà
No full textL'intervento pone una riflessione sul dibattito in tema di abilità e competenze al centro delle politiche d'istruzione e occupazione dell'UEAnno europeo delle competenzel'intervento pone una riflessione sul dibattito in tema di abilità e competenze al centro delle politiche d'istruzione e occupazione dell'ue la domanda di competenze nel mercato del lavoro. aspettative e realtà matteo soster
Digitalization, routineness and employment: An exploration on Italian task-based data
No full textThis paper explores the relation between the digitalization of labour processes, the level of routineness of labour tasks and changes in employment in the case of Italy in the period 2011-16. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in more than 500 4-digit ISCO professional groups are measured using data from a unique Italian profession-level survey on skill, tasks and work contents – the INAPP-ISTAT Survey on Italian Occupations (ICP), an O*NET-type dataset. Two digitalization indices are used: a digital use index, measuring the use of computers and e-mail in the workplace, and a digital tasks index, capturing the presence of a set of key digital tasks, such as those related to programming or activities concerning the use of specialized hardware. The same dataset is used to compute a composite routine task intensity index. The descriptive evidence presented in the paper shows strong differences across occupations in the level of digitalization and routineness, and the presence of a negative relation between the two in most professional groups. The econometric estimates show that digital-intensive occupations tend to grow more than the rest of the workforce, particularly when digitalization is measured relying on the digital use indicator. The level of routineness, in turn, is negatively or, in some specifications, not significantly associated to employment change. However, occupations that are both digital and routine-intensive turn out to be penalized in terms of employment growth, providing further support to (and further qualifying) the the routine biased technological change (RBTC) hypothesis. In other words, our results show that the impact of digitalization on employment is mediated by the level of routineness characterizing the tasks bundled in each occupation
Digitalization, routineness and employment: An exploration on Italian task-based data
No full textThis paper explores the relation between the digitalization and of labour processes, the level of routineness of tasks and changes in employment. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in 796 5-digit ISCO professional groups are measured using data from a unique Italian profession-level survey on skill, task and work contents – the INAPP-ISTAT Survey on Italian Occupations (ICP), an O*NET-type dataset. We develop three novel digitalization indices: a digital use index measuring the use of digital devices and technologies in the workplace, a digital skills index assessing the familiarity and skill in using digital technologies, and a digital tasks index capturing the frequency and importance of selected digital tasks. Using the same data-source the Autor and Dorn routine task intensity index is also computed. This allows us to explore, based on robust indicators on routinization and digitalization, the existence and the strength of a “routinized biased technological change” specifically associated to the use of digital technologies. Results show the multifaceted nature of both digitalization and routineness processes, both characterized by strong sectoral specificities and by being strongly associated with the skill content of labour professions. Professions characterized by higher digital skills are those showing the best employment performances (although this holds only in manufacturing sector). Both the descriptive and econometric evidences show a negative employment dynamics among professions combining high level of digitalization and routineness
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
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