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How should good lung health be defined at the population and individual levels?
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Carga de las enfermedades respiratorias en España según el GBD. Comparativa con Finlandia
Get PDF[spa] Objetivo: Se exploran los datos del estudio Global Burden of Disease (GBD), en un análisis original y novedoso, que tiene como objetivo caracterizar la carga de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas en España y Finlandia en el año 2019.
Métodos: Se comparan la mortalidad, morbilidad y los factores de riesgo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), Neumoconiosis, Asma, Enfermedad intersticial, Sarcoidosis pulmonar y Otras; y los cánceres de tráquea, bronquios, pulmón y laringe. Además, se comparan las tendencias epidemiológicas de los siguientes indicadores de salud: Los Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad (DALY) y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) relacionados con la salud. Los datos GBD están disponibles en la web https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/#
Resultados: La EPOC y el cáncer de pulmón están entre las 5 primeras causas de muerte en España y entre las 6 primeras en Finlandia. El cáncer de pulmón es la 3ª causa de DALY en España y la 6ª en Finlandia. Por otro lado, la EPOC es la 6ª causa de DALY en España y la 10ª en Finlandia.
El principal factor de riesgo implicado en el cáncer de pulmón y la EPOC es el tabaquismo. Otros factores también asociados son los ambientales, ocupacionales, metabólicos, y climatológicos. Finalmente, España y Finlandia puntúan alto en muchos indicadores ODS relacionados con la salud.
Conclusiones: La carga de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, sobre todo EPOC y cáncer de pulmón, son elevadas en ambos países, y es superior en España que en Finlandia por la mayor exposición al tabaquismo[eng] Objective: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study are explored, in an original and novel analysis, which aims to characterize the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in Spain and Finland in 2019.
Methods: Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumoconiosis, asthma, interstitial disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and others; and cancers of the trachea, bronchus, lung, and larynx. In addition, the epidemiological trends of the following health indicators are compared: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). GBD data is available on the web https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/#.
Results: COPD and lung cancer are among the top 5 causes of death in Spain and among the top 6 in Finland. Lung cancer is the 3rd cause of DALY in Spain and the 6th in Finland. On the other hand, COPD is the 6th cause of DALY in Spain and the 10th in Finland.
The main risk factor associated with lung cancer and COPD is smoking. Other factors also associated are environmental, occupational, metabolic, and weather-related. Finally, Spain and Finland score high on many health-related SDG indicators.
Conclusions: The burden of chronic respiratory diseases, especially COPD and lung cancer, is high in both countries, and is higher in Spain than in Finland due to a greater exposure to smoking
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Emergence of COVID-19 as a Cause of Death in 2020 and its Effect on Mortality by Diseases of the Respiratory System in Spain: Trends and Their Determinants Compared to 2019.
No full textObjective: To analyze the causes of death by diseases of the respiratory system in Spain in 2020, with special interest in COVID-19; also its trends and determinants, and compare them with 2019.
Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study. The coding of all those causes of death by diseases of the respiratory system were regrouped. A descriptive analysis of all deaths and by gender, age, and the 17 Autonomous Communities (CC.AA.) was performed. Also, odds ratios of death in crude and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were estimated.
Results: In Spain in 2020, 60,358 deaths were attributed to “COVID-19 virus identified” and another 14,481 to “COVID-19 virus not identified (suspicious)”. Regrouping the specific causes of death, in 2020 the diseases of the respiratory system caused a total of 139,880 deaths, which corresponds to 28.3% of all deaths in Spain. Compared to 2019, an increase of 68.5% was observed. By gender, deaths by diseases of the respiratory system were higher in men (32.0%) than in women (24.6%), although in specific causes the percentage was higher in women with suspected COVID-19, asthma, respiratory insufficiency and other diseases of the respiratory system. Finally, the variables associated with death from COVID-19 in the multivariate analysis were being male, increasing age (maximum at 80 years), completed studies up to secondary level, employed, and single or widowed marital status, although with a marked variation by CC.AA.
Conclusions: In Spain in 2020, COVID-19 produced a large increase (68.5%) in deaths by diseases of the respiratory system compared to the previous year.S
The Proportional Venn Diagram of Obstructive Lung Disease in the Italian General Population
No full textStudy objectives: The Venn diagram of obstructive lung disease (OLD) has been recently quantified. We aimed to quantify the proportion of the general population with OLD, and the intersections of physician-diagnosed asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB), and emphysema in two Italian general population samples, in relationship to airflow obstruction (AO) determined through spirometry.Design and participants: We analyzed data from two prospective studies (4,353 patients) carried out in the rural area of Po River delta from 1988 to 1991 and in the urban area of Pisa from 1991 to 1993.Results: Prevalence rates of asthma, CB, and emphysema were 5.3%, 1.5%, and 1.2% in the Po delta, and 6.5%, 2.5%, and 3.6% in Pisa. A double Venn diagram, which was used to quantify the distribution of CB, emphysema, and asthma in relation to the presence/absence of AO, identified 15 categories. Isolated AO was the most frequent category (Po delta, 11.0%; Pisa, 6.7%), followed by asthma only without AO (Po delta, 3.3%; Pisa, 4.3%). The combination of the three OLD conditions was the only category that always showed higher prevalence rates for those with AO (Po delta, 0.20%; Pisa, 0.16%) than for those without AO (Po delta, 0.04%; Pisa, 0.05%). Of those with either OLD or AO, there were 61.4% in Po delta and 38.2% in Pisa with isolated AO, 24.8% and 41.9%, respectively, with an OLD without AO, and 13.8% and 19.9%, respectively, with simultaneous OLD and AO. For both genders, the frequency of isolated asthma decreased with age, while that of isolated AO, CB-emphysema, and the combination of asthma and CB-emphysema increased.Conclusion: About 18% of the Italian general population samples either reported the presence of OLD or showed spirometric signs of AO. We confirmed that the Venn diagram of OLD can be quantified in the general population by extending the mutually exclusive disease categories (including a concomitant diagnosis of asthma, CB, or emphysema) to 15
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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