3,644 research outputs found
Fluorescently labeled 1 nm thin nanomembranes
No full textNottbohm CT, Sopher R, Heilemann M, Sauer M, Gölzhäuser A. Fluorescently labeled 1 nm thin nanomembranes. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010;149(4):267-271
An article on how the author, an amateur runner, ran Cape Elizabeth\u27s Beach to B
No full textAn article on how the author, an amateur runner, ran Cape Elizabeth\u27s Beach to Beacon 10K race last August, with comments on the scenery, the encouraging crowds, and the other runners
Assessment of 5G RAN Features for Integrated Services Provisioning in Smart Cities
No full textIn a 5G Radio Access Network (RAN), different features are offered as solutions to serve traffic with diverse characteristics and requirements, including flexible numerology, (non-)pre-emptive mini-slot based scheduling and network slicing. In this paper, we present an extensive simulation-based assessment of the relative merit of these distinct 5G features in the context of a smart city environment. We further derive the optimal feature combination and associated configuration which best handles the services related to the smart city environment given their performance requirements. The obtained insights confirm the commonly argued potential of slicing, emphasizing that the optimal configuration of the slice-specific numerology depends not only on the nature of the handled services but also on the selected RAN features. Among these features, non-preemptive mini-slot based scheduling and idle resource sharing reveal significant performance potential.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Network Architectures and Service
Assessment of Key 5G RAN Features for Integrated Services Provisioning in a Smart City Environment
No full textThe Fifth Generation (5G) network is expected to support three main service categories namely enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) and massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), where each service group has a different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements i.e. the eMBB service group has a high throughput requirement, the URLLC service group require very low-latency and highly reliable transmissions and the mMTC service group do not have a strict performance requirement but have massive connection of devices in the network. 5G enables many vertical domains with these three service categories, such as, smart cities. In a smart city environment, there are applications from all three service categories such as massive connectivity of the sensors for waste managements or monitoring environmental conditions, video surveillance along the city streets and many more. This study addresses the problem of managing applications from the three service categories on the same physical network infrastructure at the Radio Access Network (RAN). Two different scenarios, one with and one without an emergency incident, are considered to find the impact of the incident in the network.In 5G networks, many new features are introduced such as, flexible numerology, mini-slot based scheduling, BandWidth Parts (BWPs) and RAN slicing. The key objective of this study is to assess the 5G RAN features in terms of achieving the performance requirements of the considered applications, simultaneously. To do so, different RAN configurations are modelled where, a RAN configuration consists of one or multiple RAN features. The evaluation is done by simulating the different possible RAN configurations. The simulations are performed using an existing 5G system-level simulator which is substantially upgraded with the 5G RAN features and is modified to the considered smart city urban macro-cellular environment and with the considered traffic models for each considered application. To evaluate the performance of each considered application, different performance metrics are defined based on the application requirements. The benefits and/or losses of different RAN features are found and then different RAN configurations are considered with the combinations of RAN features based on the evaluation of each RAN feature. For all different RAN configurations with combination of features, the performance metrics are evaluated and compared with each other to determine the best-performing configurations for the smart city environment, for the scenarios with and without an incident.Electrical Engineering | Wireless Communication and Sensin
Ran and Calcineurin Can Participate Collaboratively in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis in Scallop
No full textCalcineurin is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that plays important roles in the transduction of calcium signals in a variety of tissues. In addition, calcineurin has been implicated in the process of spermatogenesis. A novel calcineurin-binding protein, CaNBP75, has been identified in scallop testis. The C-terminal region of CaNBP75 is homologous to the C-terminal region of RanBP3, a Ran binding domain-containing protein. A small G-protein Ran has been involved in spermiogenesis by virtue of the fact that its localization in spermatids changes during spermiogenesis. The current study was performed to investigate the functions of Ran and CaNBP75 in the regulation of calcineurin in testis to further understand the basic functions of calcineurin during spermatogenesis. First, cloning and sequencing of a scallop Ran cDNA isolated from testis revealed that scallop Ran is well-conserved at the amino acid level. Secondly, direct binding of Ran to CaNBP75 was demonstrated in an in vitro pull-down assay. Thirdly, analysis of the tissue distribution of Ran, CaNBP75 and calcineurin showed that these proteins are abundantly expressed in testis. Fourthly, comparison of the expression profiles of Ran and CaNBP75 with that of calcineurin in scallop testis during the maturation cycle revealed that Ran and CaNBP75 mRNA levels increase during meiosis and spermiogenesis, similar to calcineurin. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation analysis suggests that Ran, CaNBP75 and calcineurin interact in scallop testis during maturation. These results suggest that Ran, CaNBP75, and calcineurin may act in a coordinated manner to regulate spermatogenesis
Edge computing on mobile devices in next generation RAN architecture
No full textCloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) is a new paradigm within mobile telecommunication systems. C-RAN represents a shift from traditional C-RAN represents a shift from traditional C-RAN represents a shift from traditional Stand alone radio base stations (BS) which are costly to setup and suffer from under utilization of fluctuating users. C-RAN represents a shift to pooling of base station resources in a Baseband Units (BBU) as well distributed remote radio heads (RRH). With the addition of centralized resources, mobile networks are moving towards real-time virtualised platforms and open interoperable interfaces, replacing the monolithic vendor provider model with a flexible resource market pool.
Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) represents a next stage in radio networks, leveraging Software Defined Radios and Software Defined Networks to provide increased flexibility in the provisioning of radio and computing resources to mobile networks. Unlike pure cloud providers, NG-RAN provides true edge computing capabilities that allow for new class of low-latency and approximate computation applications.
The works presented here examines an architecture for improved urban localization using through a Mobile Augmented Reality application. Using a localized edge nodes, we are show improved latency improvements over traditional cloud based times.
Additionally, a detailed dive on NG-RAN Virtualisation techniques is examined through use of containers. Finally, a examination into the privacy issues of uploading sensitive data and a system for mobile continuous authentication is examined.M.S.Includes bibliographical reference
Energy-Aware Scheduling of Virtualized Base Stations in O-RAN with Online Learning
No full textThe design of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) compliant systems for configuring the virtualized Base Stations (vBSs) is of paramount importance for network operators. This task is challenging since optimizing the vBS scheduling procedure requires knowledge of parameters, which are erratic and demanding to obtain in advance. In this paper, we propose an online learning algorithm for balancing the performance and energy consumption of a vBS. This algorithm provides performance guarantees under unforeseeable conditions, such as non-stationary traffic and network state, and is oblivious to the vBS operation profile. We study the problem in its most general form and we prove that the proposed technique achieves sub-linear regret (i.e., zero average optimality gap) even in a fast-changing environment. By using real-world data and various trace-driven evaluations, our findings indicate savings of up to 74.3% in the power consumption of a vBS in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmarks.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Embedded System
Volcanic gas reservoir characterization / Qiquan Ran, Yongjun Wang, Yuanhui Sun, Lin Yan, Min Tong.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.xix, 583 pages :"This introduction chapter summarizes our current understandings of volcanic gas reservoirs worldwide and in China. The challenges and their innovative technical solutions presented in this book, as well as the significance of gas reservoir characterization, are summarized based on the authors' real case studies in Chinese volcanic gas fields during the last decade. A flow chart representing the research concepts and approaches that deal with specific difficulties in volcanic gas reservoir characterization provides the readers with an outline of this book"-- Provided by publisher
Advancements in Open RAN and the Decentralization of Telecom Networks
No full textABSTRACTBackground: In the article, the author explores the possibilities of Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) as a revolutionary idea to democratize telecom networks.Objective: The study aims to compare the efficiency, cost, flexibility, scalability, and performance of Open RAN against conventional RAN systems.Methods: The study used simulation, cost modeling and execution of real-world case studies with support from Rakuten Mobile, Vodafone, Telefónica, MTN, and DISH Network. The approach also employed prescriptive analytics to evaluate the deployment of relatively new paradigms like blockchain and AI into Open RAN environments.Results: The study shows that Open RAN leads to substantial CAPEX and OPEX cost saving with a further enhancement in the key network performance metric such as latency by 20% and throughputs by 25%. Additional improvements of 30% demonstrate that Open RAN is also an environmentally friendly solution. The validations also showed how it could expand to both heavily populated large cities and sparsely populated rural areas to improve both coverage and mobility.Conclusion: However, some of the disadvantages that surfaced include; the problem of compatibility, high costs of implementation in the initial stages, and compliance with set regulatory standards. These underscore the need for standardized and coherent protocols and frameworks to enable widespread implementation. Open RAN is highly transformative in modern telecommunications due to the fact that it is affordable, expandable and eco-friendly. Due to its Flexible/Modular design in combination with advanced technologies, it acts as key enabler for future networks such as 5G, 6G and more and tackles Global connectivity and efficiency problems
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