594 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Location of appendix in pregnancy: does it change?
No full textAliya Ishaq,1 Muhammad Jamshaid Husain Khan,2 Turab Pishori,1 Rufina Soomro,1 Shadab Khan3 1Department of General Surgery, Liaquat National University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; 2Department of Medicine, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE; 3Surgical Oncology Department, Shaukat Khanum Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Objectives: This study aimed to determine the change in anatomical location of appendix in full-term pregnancy. Study design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Liaquat National University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Department of General Surgery, January 01 to July 31, 2010. Patients and methods: Full-term pregnant women undergoing caesarean section were enrolled. The anatomical position of the appendix was noted by visual inspection with reference to the transtubercular plane (TTP). SPSS-10 was used for analysis. Results: Seventy-seven full-term pregnant female patients who underwent caesarean section were included in the study. Their mean age was 29 years, the mean height was 5.3 feet, and mean gestational age was 38 weeks. Appendix was found at the normal anatomical location in 63 out of 77 patients (81.8%), while it was located above the TTP in 14 patients (18.2%). Conclusion: Appendix does not migrate up with increasing gestational age in the majority of pregnant women. In most full-term pregnant female patients, appendix is located at the normal anatomical position. Keywords: pregnancy, anatomical location of appendix, appendicitis in pregnanc
URDU-AN OVERVIEW ON THE LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS OF SHEIKH MUHAMMAD HAYAT SINDHI
No full textNo doubt, Sindh has received a distinctive position as the first land in the sub-continent, where the light of Islam spread all over. The region of Sindh has produced many Muslim scholars who were famous all around the Islamic world. One of them was Sheikh Muhammad Hayat Sindhi (d. 1163 A.H). He was one of the most distinguished Islamic scholars, jurists, and prolific authors of the Hanafī School of jurisprudence from Sindh. He was widely regarded as one of the foremost experts of Hadīth and jurisprudential studies, as well as other religious disciplines including Islamic literature. Sheikh Hayat Sindhi was born in Sindh, He acquired basic early education from his father, and after that, he went to Thatta and received education from Muhammad Moin Thattavi and other renowned scholars of Thatta. Then he migrated to Harmain Shareef for higher education in Islamic disciplines. He chose to live in Madinah and started teaching at Masjid e Nabvi. He continued teaching of Hadith for 24 years in Masjid Nabvi at Madinah. He wrote many books on various topics of Islamic studies and the social problems of Muslim society. His books are well known and important amongst Islamic scholars, His books are rich with wisdom, etiquette and ethical values that have been abstracted and retrieved from the Holy Qur’an, Hadiths and jurisprudential approaches of prominent scholars and intellectual evidence. This study focuses on the brief biography of Sheikh Hayat Sindhi and his work in various fields of Islamic knowledge. This study is also undertaken in response to the deep sense of admiration and appreciation for the books of Sheikh Hayat Sindhi.
Estimation Spatial Distribution of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) in Groundwater of Tando Muhammad Khan Pakistan
No full textThis study was conducted to evaluate factors regulating groundwater quality in an area with agriculture as main use. Water samples for determining the water quality were collected in one liter polyethylene bags by observing standard sample collection method. It was ensured that sample collection sites must be at least 500 feet away from each other.Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were determined from the collected water and it was observed that in Tando Muhammad Khan taluka, the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) in the samples ranged from 11.06 to 53.29, the highest (53.29) SAR was in UC Tando Saindad, while lowest (11.06) in the sample collected from UC-2 of Tando Muhammad Khan. The Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) in 36 collected groundwater samples ranged from 0.61 to 5.15 meq/l, the highest (5.15 meq/l) was in UC Tando Saindad, while lowest (0.61) in the sample collected from UC-3 of Tando Muhammad Khan.It was concluded that the SAR levels of groundwater samples indicated an alarming situation and most of the ground-water samples had SAR
SARAY'S SILVER DANGS OF JUCHID KHAN OF 15-th CENTURY WITH NAME MUHAMMAD
No full textProgress has been achieved in recent decades in the study of the coins of the Golden Horde
at the final stage of its existence. However, the late emissions of Juchid coin of 15-th century are
still insufficiently studied. This prevents the full use of numismatic sources for the adequate
reconstruction of political events of that turbulent time.
The paper is aimed at the publication and preliminary analysis of the main types of Saray’s
silver dangs of Juchid khan of 15-th century with name Muhammad.
These issues are very poorly represented in scientific articles: of nine types analyzed in the
paper only one was properly published with graphic reconstruction of dies.
For the first time dangs, which are the subject of this article, were mentioned (without
graphic reconstructions) in the famous work of Hh.M. Frähn “Recensio numorum
Muhammedanorum”, published in 1826. In A.K. Markov’s “Inventory Catalog of Muslim Coins of
the Imperial Hermitage” (1896) there is no mention of the Saray’s dangs of either Ulugh-
Muhammad or Muhammad b. Timur. In 2004 V.P.Lebedev and V.B. Klokov had information
about 8 coins, which are the subject of this article, and attributed these dangs to the issues of
Ulugh-Muhammad.
Enlarged photographic images of silver coins with metrology (most of which are first
introduced into scientific circulation) of Juchid khan of 15-th century with name Muhammad are
presented in the article.
Nine types of late Juchid silver dangs with the name and titles of khan Muhammad on the
obverse and the designation of mint on the reverse as Saray, Saray al-Jadida, Saray al-Mahrusa are
published. Reconstruction and translation of monetary legends, as well as preliminary analysis of
emissions, are given.
The place of issue on the coins is indicated as a Saray (without the epithet or with al-Jadida
or al-Mahrusa). But this fact alone does not allow to state with complete confidence that these
dangs were minted there. With regard to the silver emissions of the XIV century, it is proved that
the coins in some cases weren’t minted where it is written on their reverses. A similar situation
could have take place in the XV century. According to the information reported to the author, the
coins published in the paper were unearthed on vast spaces that once were the territory of the
Golden Horde – from Moldova to Siberia without any apparent concentration in one region, which
may not be surprising paying attention to the rarity of the coins. At the present level of our
knowledge, the place of minting of these coins can not be reliably established.
It can be affirmed that most of the silver dangs, that are the subject of this paper, have a
weight in the range from 0.66 to 0.96 g.
None of the published coins carries the date, which creates the problem of dating these
issues. Taking into account all facts, the author thinks that it is possible to date most of the
reproduced dangs as 822-the mid of 830-s AH.
Who was that Muhammad-khan, on whose behalf the published coins were issued?
Historiography was dominated until recently by the viewpoint formulated by V.P. Lebedev and
V.P. Klokov, that in the case of different Muhammads an understanding was already reached on
the issue how they called themselves on coins: Ulugh-Muhammad – simply Muhammad, Boraq –
Muhammad-Boraq, Küchük-Muhammad – Muhammad b. Timur. It was established on the
numismatic material by Yuriy Zayonchkovskiy that on dangs of Küchük-Muhammad his name
can be written as Muhammad b. Timur or simply as Muhammad. Thus, the absence of nasab on a
coin is not a sufficient basis for classifying a coin for Ulugh-Mukhammad. In view of what has
been said, it can be stated that published dangs can’t be automatically attributed to Ulugh-
Mukhamad’s emissions.
The proposed article is an important step to make attribution of published coins more precise.
The author hopes that a full introduction of these interesting dangs into the scientific study can
activate the discovery and research of relevant numismatic sources, will allow to find the missing
answers and, if necessary, to specify (and possibly correct) the theses presented in the paper
Economic Evaluation of Pesticide Use Externalities in the Cotton Zones of Punjab, Pakistan
No full textThe crop protection strategy in Pakistan is almost entirely based on pesticide use whereas development of integrated pest management (IPM) based technologies is in its initial phases of scrutiny as well as implementation. The inefficient use of chemicals has resulted in environmental pollution and sub-optimal returns to the society on the costly investments. This study estimates the social cost of pesticide use and suggests appropriate guidelines for regulating the safe use of pesticides. An overall economic evaluation of the externalities for the current pesticide use levels shows that external costs are quite higher than the currently paid price at the farm gate level. The environmental degradation and public health costs inflicted on the society due to the inefficient chemical use on cotton crop amounts to twelve thousand million rupees. The reduced reliance on crop protection through chemical methods seems inevitable for a sustainable and healthy crop production.economic evaluation; externalities; pesticide use; social cost; crop protection; Punjab; Pakistan
Towards cloud based big data analytics for smart future cities
No full textA large amount of land-use, environment, socio-economic, energy and transport data is generated in cities. An integrated perspective of managing and analysing such big data can answer a number of science, policy, planning, governance and business questions and support decision making in enabling a smarter environment. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental perspective on the smart cities focused big data management and analysis by proposing a cloud-based analytics service. A prototype has been designed and developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytics service for big data analysis. The prototype has been implemented using Hadoop and Spark and the results are compared. The service analyses the Bristol Open data by identifying correlations between selected urban environment indicators. Experiments are performed using Hadoop and Spark and results are presented in this paper. The data pertaining to quality of life mainly crime and safety & economy and employment was analysed from the data catalogue to measure the indicators spread over years to assess positive and negative trends
THE effects of ageing on driving related performance
No full textAccording to one estimate, about 40 percent of the driving population will be over the age of 60by the year 2020 in the UK and currently, several hundred thousand drivers with dementia holddriving licenses. The number of motor vehicle crashes per unit distance of automobile travel is“U”-shaped, with risk increasing slightly between the ages of 55 and 60, but risk increasing witheach successive five-year interval. Some individuals who have mild dementia possess sufficientdriving skills to be designated as fit drivers. The most challenging assessment and decision for thephysician/licensing authority as regards fitness to drive lies in drivers who are questionablydemented or are in a state of very mild dementia.In the absence of a reliable standard protocol, some clinicians make judgment based on selfreporting,which has risks associated with it as lack of insight and judgment are potential commontraits of the population experiencing cognitive decline. Seldom is recourse made by healthprofessionals to on-road assessment as a first alternative as it requires a fee and such testingcenters are not readily available everywhere. This research addresses this issue of theidentification of cognitive tests that can be used to assess an individual’s ability to drive andespecially of those individuals that are questionably demented and are the most difficult toidentify. A younger and an older group consisting of 56 drivers in total were administered ninedifferent cognitive tests and two drives (Drive-I and Drive-II) on the STISIM driving simulator.The cognitive test ufov3 (involving the identification of a central target and simultaneously theradial localization of a peripheral target embedded in distracter triangles), which is the thirdsubtest of the UFOV (Useful Field of View) test showed the highest discriminating ability inseparating “poor-drivers” from “not-poor-drivers”, with 92.86 % of the drivers correctlyclassified. The next best discriminating ability in decreasing order of strength was that of dichoticlistening test, trail making test, rey-copy test and paper folding test. Also, age was found to be anexcellent discriminator of “poor-drivers” and “not-poor-drivers” with 91.07 % of the driverscorrectly classified. A composite cognitive measure consisting of the sum of all nine cognitivetests was not a better predictor than the ufov3 test alone; overall it was still an excellentdiscriminator, classifying 89.29 % of drivers correctly. The commonly recommended ClockDrawing test and the Trail Making test did not emerge as significant predictors of driving ability.A general driving skills linear model for prediction purposes was derived that explained 59 % ofthe variation in a general driving performance index with the ufov3 test, the dichotic listening testand the rey-recall test as significant predictors. Recommendations are made as to how this testshould be used to screen potentially at risk drivers
Study of Pakistan pilot project farmer-leaders to Nepal
No full textFarmer participation / Irrigation management / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigated farming / Sustainable agriculture / Institution building / Pakistan
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