200 research outputs found
Python Script for Truss Layout Optimization
No full textSimple Python script, as described in the paper 'A Python script for adaptive layout optimization of trusses', Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, by Linwei He, Matthew Gilbert & Xingyi Song, 2019.<br
AMMONOIDS FROM THE ZHUGANPO MEMBER OF THE FALANG FORMATION AT NIMAIGU AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR DATING THE XINGYI FOSSIL-LAGERSTÄTTE (LATE LADINIAN, GUIZHOU, CHINA)
No full textWe herein document the various ammonoid faunas, of which 8 are newly described taxa, recently collected from the Falang Formation at Nimaigu (Wusha) near Xingyi (Guizhou, South China) and also define their biostratigraphy, correlation and age. The sampled interval includes the Zhuganpo Member, which contains the world famous Xingyi Fossil-Lagerstätte, and the lowermost part of the overlying Wayao Member. Ammonoids are quite abundant, but preservation is usually very poor. New genera Yangites, Haoceras and Sinomeginoceras are described on the basis of four new species. The new subfamily Haoceratinae (family Trachyceratidae) is erected to accommodate Haoceras and Sinomeginoceras. Xenoprotrachyceras, Detoniceras, Ptychites, Trachyceras and Clionitites are also recognized, together with a specimen attributed with doubt to Parasturia.
Most of the faunas are endemic and typical representatives of Upper Ladinian ammonoid zones have not been recognized. A new local biostratigraphic scale is proposed, consisting of the Haoceras xingyiense zone, Trachyceras beds and Trachyceras multituberculatum zone, in stratigraphic order.
The Trachyceras beds and the Trachyceras multituberculatum zone are attributed to the Lower Carnian, but most of the bio-chronostratigraphic analysis is focused on the Haoceras xingyiense zone, because it directly overlies the vertebrate-bearing interval. Correlation of the new biozone is discussed and its stratigraphic position is referred, at least in part, to the lower Sutherlandi Zone of the North American scale. This correlation pinpoints the age of the Xingyi Fossil-Lagerstätte as middle Late Ladinian, which until now had been a matter of debate for 30+ years
Pholcus xingyi Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textPholcus xingyi sp. nov. Figs. 23–29 Type. Male holotype, 131 Ƥ paratypes, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Xingyi County, Pengzha Town [25 °06’N, 104 ° 48 ’E], Mingyang Cave, May 27, 2006, leg. by H. M. Chen. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Pholcus gui Zhu & Song, 1999 in the palpal organ and epigynum, but easily distinguished from the latter by the cymbium absent the conical projection (Figs 25–27), by the palpal femur present a dorsal projection retrolaterally (Fig. 27), by the relatively straight procursus (Fig. 27); by the short and thick epigynal apophysis (Fig. 28); by vulva with large sofa-shaped sclerotized arch anteriorly and egg-shaped pore plate (Fig. 29). Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition, taken from the type locality. Description. Male (holotype): total body length 5.1: cephalothorax 1.5 long, 1.6 wide; abdomen 3.6 long, 1.4 wide. Prosoma shape as in Fig. 23. Leg I: (12.3 + 0.7 + 11.3 + 20.7 + 2.3), tibia II: 7.7, tibia III: 5.4, tibia IV: 6.4; tibia I L/D: 81. Carapace short, broad and almost circular, ochre, with brown marks broadly connecting to ocular area. Cephalic region raised, with brown central marks, ocular area dark yellow. Clypeus 0.44, ochre, with brown mark. Each eye triad on the top of a relatively longer eye-stalk. Distance AME–AME 0.05, PME–PME 0.55. Diameter AME 0.08, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.15. Chelicerae shape as in Fig. 24, with pair of black distal apophyses, pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally, and pair of sclerotized rounded apophyses proximocentrally, companying with several hairs. Labium and endites light yellow. Sternum dark gray, with yellow small patches. Legs ochre, femora, patellae and tibiae without dark rings. Tarsal organ of tarsus 1 capsulate. Abdomen cylindrical, pale ochre, dorsum with small brown patterns as in Fig. 23. Venter pale brown. Palps as in Figs. 26 and 27, femur with a dorsal projection retrolaterally; tibia spindle-shaped, with a small triangular projection ventrally; uncus margin with many teeth or scales; short appendix with a hooked tip; embolus between the uncus and appendix, long and transparent, with a pointed tip; procursus complex, with a nearly triangular process retrolaterally. Variation. Tibia I in other male: 11.1. Body length in other male 5.0. Female: in general very similar to male. The paratype total length 5.3: cephalothorax 1.4 long, 1.5 wide; abdomen 3.9 long, 1.4 wide. Tibia I: 10.5. Distance AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.25. Diameter AME 0.06, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15. Epigynum roughly triangular as in Fig. 28, with a large teat-shaped apophysis. Dorsal view as in Fig. 29, with a sofa-shaped sclerotized arch anteriorly and a pair of egg-shaped pore plates. Distribution. Known from type locality only.Published as part of Chen, Hui-Ming, Zhang, Feng & Zhu, Ming-Sheng, 2011, Four new troglophilous species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Guizhou Province, China, pp. 51-59 in Zootaxa 2922 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20485
Zichiji 資持記, also known as “Sifenlu shanfan buque xingshichao zichiji 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔資持記”
No full textThis entry aims to document Zichiji, a commentary of Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (Buddhist monastic rules) written by Yuanzhao (1048-1116). Zichiji is a secondary commentary based on a root commentary of Daoxuan’s (596-667) Sifenlü shanfan buque xingshichao (Xingshichao). Divided into 16 volumes, it is a complete commentary of Daoxuan’s original work, which is based on the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya. Like Xingshichao, Zichiji refers to various Vinaya-related texts and Buddhist materials and is intended to be used as a comprehensive guide to the Buddhist monastic way of living. Zichiji covers a wide range of monastic practices and management, such as ordination ritual, repentance ritual, funerary practices, daily management of the monastery, and the relationships with laypersons. Unlike Xingshichao, it includes valuable information on the Song Buddhist monasticism and Yuanzhao’s debate with other Vinaya masters in his time. In terms of the transmission history of the text, multiple historical sources record that Zichiji was canonized during the Southern Song period. However, we do not have a material copy of any Buddhist canon which contains this text. The current canonization of the Zichiji can only be traced to the modern compilation of Zokuzōkyō in 1902. The popularity of Zichiji is a symbolic mark for the beginning of an institutionalized Vinaya school in China. A litter earlier than Zichiji, Yunkan’s Huizhengji (not extant) was a parallel work circulated in the Northern Song. Yuanzhao and Yunkan demonstrated different interpretations of Daoxuan and the Vinaya. After the Yuan Dynasty, Zichiji, together with other commentaries written by Yuanzhao, did not survive in the continent. It has been preserved in multiple monastic libraries and archives in Japan, such as Otani University library, Seikado Bunko Library, and Kanazawa Library, and brought back to China in the modern period. The preservation of Zichiji bespeaks active Buddhist communication and exchange on the Vinaya between China, Korea, and Japan in the medieval period during the 12th-14th centuries. Exchange among different countries became possible together with the reopening of the maritime trade route interrupted by the end of the Tang and the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Zichiji was studied in Japan as one of the foundational commentaries for the Vinaya and thus facilitated the Vinaya revival movement in Kamakura Japan. Yuanzhao, as the author of Zichiji, was commemorated as one of the patriarchs of the Vinaya school. In the modern period, Chinese Vinaya master Hongyi wrote an annotated version of Zichiji, and it has been further edited and published in China.Non UBCUnreviewedGraduat
Training Machine Translation for Human Acceptability
No full textDiscriminative training, a.k.a. tuning, is an important part of Statistical Machine Translation. This step optimises weights for the several statistical models and heuristics used in a machine translation system, in order to balance their relative effect on the translation output. Different weights lead to significant changes in the quality of translation outputs, and thus selecting appropriate weights is of key importance.
This thesis addresses three major problems with current discriminative training methods in order to improve translation quality. First, we design more accurate automatic machine translation evaluation metrics that have better correlation with human judgements. An automatic evaluation metric is used in the loss function in most discriminative training methods, however what the best metric is for this purpose is still an open question.
In this thesis we propose two novel evaluation metrics that achieve better correlation with human judgements than the current de facto standard, the BLEU metric. We show that these metrics can improve translation quality when used in discriminative training.
Second, we design an algorithm to select sentence pairs for training the discriminative learner from large pools of freely available parallel sentences.
These resources tend to be noisy and include translations of varying degrees of quality and suitability for the translation task at hand, especially if obtained using crowdsourcing methods. Nevertheless, they are crucial
when professionally created training data is scarce or unavailable. There is very little previous research on the data selection for discriminative training. Our novel data selection algorithm does not require knowledge of the test set nor uses decoding outputs, and is thus more generally useful and efficient. Our experiments show that with this data selection algorithm, translation quality consistently improves over strong baselines.
Finally, the third component of the thesis is a novel weighted ranking-based optimisation algorithm for discriminative training. In contrast to previous approaches, this technique assigns a different weight to each training
instance according to its reachability and its relationship to test sentence being decoded, a form of transductive learning. Our experimental results show improvements over a modern state-of-the-art method across different language pairs.
Overall, the proposed approaches lead to better translation quality when compared strong baselines in our experiments, both in isolation and when combined, and can be easily applied to most existing statistical machine translation approaches
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Dharma in Common: Yuanzhao and the Resurgence of Buddhist Monasticism in Medieval East Asia
No full textThis dissertation utilizes a transnational and interdisciplinary perspective to uncover how intellectual and material exchange between China and Japan led to monastic revival movements in both countries. Grounded in the shared commentarial tradition on monastic rules in the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (Chi. Sifenlü, Jpn. Shibunritsu 四分律), I interpret how Buddhists negotiated the tension between fidelity to the original Vinaya and their localized social reality, which led not only to renewed monastic daily practice but to new religious movements on a larger scale. The revitalized intellectual tradition of monastic rules on the continent was transmitted to Japan through cultural exchanges by Buddhist clerics. Nonetheless, communication did not take place only through texts. I also trace the movements and networks of people, ideas, and material culture through woodblock prints, picture scrolls, portraits, statues, relics, etc. Against the backdrop of a shared sense of the Final Dharma period, Vinaya merged with practices for rebirth in the Pure Land. I explore the understudied connection between the combined practices of the Vinaya and Pure Land from the continent to Japanese Pure Land schools.
In an effort to stay true to the origin of Buddhism, Buddhists created a new body of texts, doctrines, objects, and practices; re-defining monasticism and casting a long shadow on the post-medieval period. My study revolves around the pivotal figure of Yuanzhao (1048-1116), a Northern Song Vinaya master, demonstrating how his reinterpretation of Daoxuan’s (596-667) commentaries on the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya has inspired and informed the monastic revival movements in medieval China and Japan. The project explores critical issues for Buddhist monasticism, including theoretical conceptualization for the formation of the religious self by means of receiving and observing Buddhist precepts, and ways to organize communal daily life according to monastic rules. It provides a multifaceted perspective for understanding the significance of Buddhist monasticism as situated within the central connecting points of doctrine, everyday practice, soteriology, material culture, community identity, and social embeddedness.
The establishment of the Vinaya school in medieval China is one direct result of a resurgent interest in the commentarial tradition of the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya. Through the efforts of Yuanzhao and his disciples, the teaching of the Vinaya eventually acquired an institutional presence in Song China, while its impact was also felt through the vibrant cultural exchanges between Buddhists in China and Japan during the 12-14th centuries—a topic that scholars have not given sufficient attention. Yuanzhao’s vast volumes of commentaries in woodblock printing were carried back and studied in Japan through the endeavors of nissōsō (Japanese monks who studied in the Song). This new imported knowledge of the Vinaya became the motivation for religious movements of revival of Buddhist precepts in medieval Japan, led by eminent monks such as Shunjō, Kakujō, Eison, and Ninshō. Rooted in the commentarial tradition of the Vinaya, a cross-regional Buddhist community— rather than a sectarian school— was formed
Identifying and Aligning Medical Claims Made on Social Media with Medical Evidence
No full textEvidence-based medicine is the practice of making medical decisions that
adhere to the latest, and best known evidence at that time. Currently, the best
evidence is often found in the form of documents, such as randomized control
trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews. This research focuses on aligning
medical claims made on social media platforms with this medical evidence. By
doing so, individuals without medical expertise can more effectively assess the
veracity of such medical claims. We study three core tasks: identifying medical
claims, extracting medical vocabulary from these claims, and retrieving
evidence relevant to those identified medical claims. We propose a novel system
that can generate synthetic medical claims to aid each of these core tasks. We
additionally introduce a novel dataset produced by our synthetic generator
that, when applied to these tasks, demonstrates not only a more flexible and
holistic approach, but also an improvement in all comparable metrics. We make
our dataset, the Expansive Medical Claim Corpus (EMCC), available at
https://zenodo.org/records/832146
Research on Hyperspectral Model for Blacksoil Organic Matter Estimation in Songnen Plain, China
No full textModels of soil reflectance for soil organic matter estimation are needed to quantify soil and vegetation spectral properties. The characteristics of Blacksoil in Songnen Plain, China, fit for quickly estimating organic matter content with hyperspectral reflectance models. Correlation analysis and multivariable statistical methods were used to build hyperspectral models for blacksoil organic matter content estimation, with spectral reflectance and its derivatives as independent variables and the Curvature and Ratio Indices introduced. Finally, the stability and capacity of the models were tested. The results are as follows: 620-810 nm bands are the main response spectrum of blacksoil organic matter, and the maximum is at 710 nm; normalizing spectral data partly eliminates the noises introduced when testing different samples; logtransforming SOM content improve the stability and prediction ability of the linear regression models; compared with other models, the multi-liner regression models are more stable and predictable; Normalized Spectra Derivate Multivariate Stepwise Linear Regression Model is the optimal one, and the Bow-curvature Linear Model is the most feasible one, the hyperspectral model can be used to measure blacksoil organic matter content quickly
The CLEF-2024 CheckThat! Lab: check-worthiness, subjectivity, persuasion, roles, authorities, and adversarial robustness.
No full textComunicació presentada a 46th European Conference on Information Retrieval, ECIR 2024, celebrada del 24 al 28 de març de 2024 a Glasgow, Regne UnitThe first five editions of the CheckThat! lab focused on the main tasks of the information verification pipeline: check-worthiness, evidence retrieval and pairing, and verification. Since the 2023 edition, it has been focusing on new problems that can support the research and decision making during the verification process. In this new edition, we focus on new problems and —for the first time— we propose six tasks in fifteen languages (Arabic, Bulgarian, English, Dutch, French, Georgian, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Slovene, Spanish, and code-mixed Hindi-English): Task 1 estimation of check-worthiness (the only task that has been present in all CheckThat! editions), Task 2 identification of subjectivity (a follow up of CheckThat! 2023 edition), Task 3 identification of persuasion (a follow up of SemEval 2023), Task 4 detection of hero, villain, and victim from memes (a follow up of CONSTRAINT 2022), Task 5 Rumor Verification using Evidence from Authorities (a first), and Task 6 robustness of credibility assessment with adversarial examples (a first). These tasks represent challenging classification and retrieval problems at the document and at the span level, including multilingual and multimodal settings.The work of F. Haouari is supported by GSRA grant #GSRA6-1-0611-19074 from the Qatar National Research Fund. The work of T. Elsayed was made possible by NPRP grant #NPRP-11S-1204-170060 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The work of F. Alam, M. Hasanain and R. Suwaileh is partially supported by NPRP 14C-0916-210015 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The work of P. Przybyła is part of the ERINIA project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101060930
Webinar- SEONT, the Socio-Economic Ontology
No full textThis session is the fifth webinar of the series: All about our products and their uses, organised by the Ontologies Community of Practice. During this webinar, Gideon Kruseman and Soohno Kim guide us in the conception, development and content of SEONT, the Socio-Economic Ontology built by the CGIAR and partners to annotate agricultural household surveys. Xingyi Song presents the machine learning tool, based on natural language processing, developed by the University of Sheffield to extract SEONT terms from 100 core socio-economic questions. Finally, Berta Miro closes the webinar by unfolding a story about annotating CGIAR survey data using SEONT and other ontologies via the machine learning tool developed by the University of Sheffield.Céline AubertGideon KrusemanSoohno KimXingyi SongBerta MiroElizabeth ArnaudVideo also available in YouTube: https://youtu.be/gGqTIN4Cx0Q1:15:0
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