721 research outputs found
From cement mixtures to architectural stone surfaces. Titanium dioxide applications between recent history and evolution
No full textOn the international scene, the goals of reducing energy consumption and environmental sustainability require innovative strategies, technologies, and materials, capable of reacting to environmental stimuli.
This paper traces an evolutionary path of the applications of titanium dioxide on the surfaces of new and existing buildings in order to trace the history of a technology, which follows a 1967 discovery by Professor Akuira Fujishima of the University of Tokyo. Concretes and coatings containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles take on an active behavior, making the material intelligent or capable of reacting to light stimuli, through reactions activated by light that occur on a nanometric scale. The conditions of super-hydrophilicity alternating with those of super-hydrophobicity under solar radiation make the materials self-cleaning and anti-pollution.
In 1996, the Dives in Misericordia Church was designed, a work by Meier built in 2003 on the outskirts of Rome, which constitutes an emblematic application of self-cleaning and anti-polluting concrete. A few years later, new research horizons were defined and this nanotechnology gained experimentation and applications in the field of cultural heritage, significantly revising the concept of minimal invasiveness. Starting from natural photochemical reactions, not visible to the naked eye, some applications of titanium dioxide are described through national and international case studies
Polluino: An efficient cloud-based management of IoT devices for air quality monitoring
No full textThe Internet of Things paradigm originates from the proliferation of intelligent devices that can sense, compute and communicate data streams in a ubiquitous information and communication network. The great amounts of data coming from these devices introduce some challenges related to the storage and processing capabilities of the information. This strengthens the novel paradigm known as Big Data. In such a complex scenario, the Cloud computing is an efficient solution for the managing of sensor data. This paper presents Polluino, a system for monitoring the air pollution via Arduino. Moreover, a Cloud-based platform that manages data coming from air quality sensors is developed
Introducing SmartNICs in Server-Based Data Plane Processing: The DDoS Mitigation Use Case
Get PDFn the recent years, the complexity of the network data plane and their requirements in terms of agility has increased significantly, with many network functions now implemented in software and executed directly in datacenter servers. To avoid bottlenecks and to keep up with the ever increasing network speeds, recent approaches propose to move the software packet processing in kernel space using technologies such as eBPF/XDP, or to offload (part of it) in specialized hardware, the so called SmartNICs. This paper aims at guiding the reader through the intricacies of the above mentioned technologies, leveraging SmartNICs to build a more efficient processing pipeline and providing concrete insights on their usage for a specific use case, namely, the mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In particular, we enhance the mitigation capabilities of edge servers by transparently offloading a portion of DDoS mitigation rules in the SmartNIC, thus achieving a balanced combination of the XDP flexibility in operating traffic sampling and aggregation in the kernel, with the performance of hardware-based filtering. We evaluate the performance in different combinations of host and SmartNIC-based mitigation, showing that offloading part of the DDoS network function in the SmartNIC can indeed optimize the packet processing but only if combined with additional processing on the host kernel space
Corrado Cagli. Transatlantic bridges, 1938-1947
No full textIn the 1930s the young Italian artist, Corrado Cagli was a rising star of the Scuola Romana, supported by the Fascist regime despite being both Jewish and a homosexual. Following the Racial Laws, he fled first to Paris, and then to the USA, where he remained until 1947. Raffaele Bedarida’s new book, Corrado Cagli – La pittura, l’esilio, l’America (1938-1947) Donzelli Editore, 2018 (soon to be translated into English by CPL Editions), focuses on Cagli’s American exile.
While examining Cagli in the context of the artistic and intellectual migration from Europe to the US, Bedarida provides valuable new insight into the specific plight of this Italian Jewish artist, once championed by Fascism and into the complexities of the use of art for cultural diplomacy.
The author combines biography, cultural history, and critical analysis in exploring a decisive period in the life and work of a painter whose complex personality and non-signature style, defy classifications. The book also provides thought-provoking and nuanced arguments on the ideologically based ostracism that Cagli encountered upon returning to Italy in the immediate aftermath of the war. Because of his past as a former regime-endorsed artist, his recent American success, his participation in the liberation of Europe from Nazi-Fascism with the American army, and Jewish exile, Cagli simply did not fit into any of the faction of Italy’s post-war heated cultural disputes.
Based on extensive original research and written with brio, Bedarida’s book is an essential contribution to a growing field of studies that examine how, by welcoming artist and intellectuals in flight from Nazi-Fascism, the United States had been given what Will Norman has called “custodianship for a civilization.
Domain Name Lifetimes: Baseline and Threats
No full textThe domain name system (DNS) is a key componentof the Internet. The DNS is essentially a hierarchical anddistributed database that involves – and is operated by – manyindependent parties that fulfill various roles. Top-level domainssuch as .com and .co.uk are run by registries. Registrants canregister domain names, usually through so-called registrars, butsometimes directly with the TLD registry.Domain names go through a well-defined life-cycle and namesthat are only short-lived in ways break expectation. In thispaper, we study domain name lifetimes at scale and over a tenyear period. We focus on ten prominent TLDs and observe thatunder most, the vast majority of lifetimes (95%) last exactly theminimum registration term of one year. The exception to thisis .com, which sees 40% of lifetimes renewed for at least onemore year. We also identify lifetimes that are suspiciously shortlived (e.g., 80% under .xyz). Using blocklist data we confirmthat about 25% are reportedly malicious and study indicators ifnames are taken down and how quickly. Finally, we empiricallystudy malicious name registration campaigns and show that thisinvolves registrars that offer bulk registration options
Proceedings of the LREC 2020 workshop on Resources and Techniques for User and Author Profiling in Abusive Language (ResT-UP 2020)
No full textThis volume documents the Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Resources and Techniques for User and Author Profiling in Abusive Language (ResT-UP), held online on 12 May 2020 as part of the LREC 2020 conference (International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation).
The workshop aimed at bringing together researchers and scholars working on author profiling and automatic detection of abusive language on the Web, e.g., cyberbullying or hate speech, with a twofold objective: improving the existing LRs, e.g., datasets, corpora, lexicons, and sharing ideas on stylometry techniques and features needed for profile information extraction and classification. ResT-UP targeted Profiling scholars and research groups, experts in Statistic and Stylistic Analysis of texts as well as computational linguists who investigate author profile and personality both in short texts (social media posts, blog texts and email) and in long texts (such as pamphlets, (fake) news and political documents). ReST-UP represented an opportunity to share profiling experiments with the scientific community and to show automatic detection techniques of abusive language on the Web. Despite the cancellation of LREC 2020 due to the COVID-19 international emergency, ResT-UP was organized online on Microsoft Teams on May 12th 2020 and the programme included three oral presentations and featured an invited talk by Paolo Rosso. ResT-UP was attended by about fifty representatives of academic and industrial organisations
Everything in Its Right Place: Improving DNS resilience
Get PDFIn 2023, the Domain Name System (DNS) will celebrate 40 years since its creation. Despite the passing of four decades,the DNS continues to play a fundamental role in today's Internet. Specifically, the DNS provides the essential service of translating human-readable domain names (e.g., example.org) to IP addresses (e.g., 93.184.216.34). Over the years, the Internet has become increasingly vital to our modern society. The continuous flow of information thattakes place on the Internet every day cannot be stopped without catastrophic consequences. In addition, services ofcrucial importance for people's everyday lives, such as government services, are increasingly transitioning to digital infrastructure.Given the importance of the DNS for the functioning of the Internet and modern society, any issues that the DNS encountersnowadays would have far-reaching consequences. However, over the past 40 years, weaknesses in the DNS system have emerged.One of the most significant cybersecurity threats facing the DNS today are Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks,which can have a severe impact on the availability of the DNS ecosystem.Recent events show that targeted attacks on even a small portion of the DNS infrastructure can impact millions of services and users. In this scenario, a comprehensive characterization of the resilience mechanisms of the DNS authoritative infrastructure,along with an analysis of threats against this resilience, is missing. This gap has led us to the main goal and contribution of this thesis.To achieve this goal, we use a mixed measurement and analytical approach, which has focused on different detractors of DNS resilience. Specifically, throughout the course of this thesis, we analyze misconfigurations and vulnerabilities resulting from miscommunication between operators, assess the choices made by these operators in creating more robust and stable deployments in the face of existing best practices, and evaluate the effectiveness of the deployed techniques in overcoming DDoS attacks. Focusing on our contributions, we show that while the distributed nature of the DNS has enabled its scalability and success, it also presents risks to its resilience. Inconsistency in the DNS hierarchy resulting from miscommunicationsbetween stakeholders increases the attack surface and affects resilience, enabling lame delegationsand hijacking with potentially severe consequences. Later, we characterize the large-scale adoption of well-defined \textit{best practices}, as defined by several RFCs,Internet standards, and recent self-regulatory frameworks and legislation. In the wild, we show that DNS is a robust systemwith good resilience properties, mainly due to choices made by large operators. However, DDoS attacks are still affecting the DNS ecosystem.To overcome them, we show that combining traditional DNS resilience techniques with newer technologies such as IP Anycast is one of the key success strategies. For this reason, we entitle our thesis Everything in Its Right Place: Improving DNS Resilience. Through this work, readers will understand that our choice of title reflects our aim to demonstrate that only a well-configured and provisioned DNS infrastructure, addressing all possible facets of DNS resilience and operating with Everything in Its Right Place,can withstand modern threats and continuously provide the fundamental service for the modern Internet and society. To conclude this work, we leverage the accumulated knowledge from this thesis as well as insights from previous research efforts to provide a series of actionablebest practices for network operators when configuring authoritative nameservers. With this final contribution, our aim is toenhance both the overall understanding of the effectiveness of resilience mechanisms for DNS and the overall health of the DNS ecosystem
Slavo, romanzo, germanico. A proposito di alcune somiglianze e differenze nello sviluppo fonologico
Get PDFRaffaele Caldarelli
Slavic, Romance,Germanic: about some Similarities and Differences in Phonological Development
In this paper the author aims at drawing a sketch of some aspects of the early Slavic phonological development, in terms of syllable structure, vocal quantity etc. The natural theory of syllabifi cation is taken into account as well as other factors. He tries also to shed some light on several controversial questions by a brief attempt at making a typological comparison between some aspects of phonological development in Slavic, Romance and Germanic languages. In this frame he discusses mainly some features of syllable structure in Romance and Germanic languages
Per una temporalità circadiana. «Tre romanzi di una giornata» (1982) di Raffaele La Capria
No full textIn this paper, the author offers a Ricœurian reading of the ‘circadian novel’, taking Raffaele La Capria’s Tre romanzi di una giornata as his case study. After discussing current scholarship on the ‘temporal turn’ and the so called ‘one-day novel’, the author investigates the temporal structures of La Capria’s works through three temporal elements: differential, mundane, and mimetic. The author argues that these three elements, functioning both with and against each other, express the central concern of the circadian novel, namely the ‘fullness of time’
Correction to: Ultra-late response (> 24 weeks) to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in migraine: a multicenter, prospective, observational study (Journal of Neurology, (2024), 271, 5, (2434-2443), 10.1007/s00415-023-12103-4)
No full textIn the original version of this article, degree “ERT” of author Bonassi Stefano was incorrectly written as author in author group. Author group which previously read: Piero Barbanti1,2 · Cinzia Aurilia1 · Gabriella Egeo1 · Stefania Proietti3 · Florindo D’Onofrio4 · Paola Torelli5 · Marco Aguggia6 · Davide Bertuzzo6 · Cinzia Finocchi7 · Michele Trimboli8 · Sabina Cevoli9 · Giulia Fiorentini1 · Bianca Orlando1 · Maurizio Zucco10 · Laura Di Clemente10 · Ilaria Cetta11 · Bruno Colombo11 · Monica Laura Bandettini di Poggio12 · Valentina Favoni9 · Licia Grazzi13 · Antonio Salerno14 · Antonio Carnevale15 · Micaela Robotti16 · Fabio Frediani16 · Claudia Altamura17 · Massimo Filippi11 · Fabrizio Vernieri17 · Stefano Bonassi2,4 · ERT; for the Italian Migraine Registry study group. Should have read: Piero Barbanti1,2 · Cinzia Aurilia1 · Gabriella Egeo1 · Stefania Proietti3 · Florindo D’Onofrio4 · Paola Torelli5 · Marco Aguggia6 · Davide Bertuzzo6 · Cinzia Finocchi7 · Michele Trimboli8 · Sabina Cevoli9 · Giulia Fiorentini1 · Bianca Orlando1 · Maurizio Zucco10 · Laura Di Clemente10 · Ilaria Cetta11 · Bruno Colombo11 · Monica Laura Bandettini di Poggio12 · Valentina Favoni9 · Licia Grazzi13 · Antonio Salerno14 · Antonio Carnevale15 · Micaela Robotti16 · Fabio Frediani16 · Claudia Altamura17 · Massimo Filippi11 · Fabrizio Vernieri17 · Stefano Bonassi2,3 · for the Italian Migraine Registry study group. And affiliation details for author Stefano Bonassi were incorrectly given as 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 4Headache Center Neurology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 4Headache Center Neurology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy but should have been: 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 3Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele (not 2 and 4) 2San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy 3Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele (not 2 and 4
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