730 research outputs found
Changes in Routine Pediatric Practice in Light of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
No full textThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)1 in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has rapidly emerged into a pandemic affecting national communities throughout the world.2 As of May 17, 2020, more than 4.5 million people have been infected globally at a pace of 100 000/d, and 307 395 have died.3 We will briefly discuss the effects of COVID-19 on routine pediatric practice that have surfaced during the months after the onset of the pandemic and the implications for children’s health. Our aim is to raise awareness about the likely need to remodel routine pediatric practice, both in hospital and ambulatory services, in light of COVID-19, and in the event of future similar infectious emergencies
The Clinician Scientist, a Distinct and Disappearing Entity.
No full textlinician scientists are commonly defined as those individuals holding an MD or MD/PhD degree who perform biomedical research of any type as their primary professional activity.1 Here we discuss issues that affect the choice to pursue a clinician scientist career in the various areas of medical research, including pediatrics, and how these issues are changing in light of recent developments in the biomedical research environment and the practice of medicine.
The clinician scientist has become a rare and distinct entity, or an “endangered species” as James Wyngaarden, former director of the National Institutes of Health stated decades ago. Recent data show a consistent worldwide decrease in the rate of medical doctors pursuing this path3 For instance, reports from the US have emphasized that although an absolute increase in medical students has been observed during the past few years, the number of MD/PhD applicants has plateaued. According to the National Institutes of Health Physician Scientist Workforce report, in 2012 physician scientists comprised only 1.5% of the total physician workforce in the US. Also of concern is the aging of the clinician scientist workforce. The average age of the workforce has increased, as has the age of independence for researchers (grant holders), suggesting a decrease in the pool of young researchers and an inability to compete with PhDs for grants. Notably, an overall gender inequality was also reported, with females representing only 22% of MD/PhD physician scientists
Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence Rates Before and After School Reopening in Israel
No full textThis cohort study examines COVID-19 incidence rates in youths aged 0 to 19 before and after reopening schools in Israel
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textThe relative increase in coronavirus disease incidence during summer 2020 in Israel was most prominent in young children. This finding contrasts with the lower increase in incidence observed in children than in adults during the school attendance period. School closure without lockdown conditions might not be independently effective at reducing spread
Inborn errors of immunity predisposing to primary immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation caused by CD137 and RASGRP1 deficiencies
No full textFrench Pediatric Societies Call for School to Stay Open amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
No full textWith the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in February 2020, the majority of European countries experienced 2 national lockdowns, which involved school closing, imposed by governments to control spread of the virus. In September 2020, on the reopening of the schools after the first lockdown, serious concerns were raised in Europe by scientific societies and governments on the possible role of schools in facilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) circulation in the population. In response, European countries produced technical documents and guidelines on COVID-19, which included guidance for a safe reopening of schools and children's educational services. Different preventive strategies were adopted by European governments to control suspected and confirmed cases of infection in the school environment.1 , 2 In February 2021, based on available epidemiologic data, public authorities in Europe considered establishment of a third general lockdown of the population, as a preventive measure to combat a resurgence of the infection, mainly caused by variants of the original virus.3 An extended school closing was also considered by many European countries as a part of their third lockdown strategy.
The European Center for Disease Prevention and Control reported that during 2020 in the European Union countries and the United Kingdom, <5% of COVID-19 cases involved subjects under the age of 18 years and concluded that the role of children in viral transmission and its impact in epidemic expansion remains unclear.4 , 5 A systematic review on school closures for COVID-19 control found no conclusive evidence for a convincing effect of this measure in reducing viral transmission at population level.6 The evidence available to date suggests that children are more likely to contract COVID-19 from infected family members rather than from other children in school settings.2 , 6 , 7
The aim of this commentary, authored by major French pediatric societies, in collaboration with the European Paediatric Association and other European pediatric centers, is to bring awareness to the importance of European children's health and well-being and to recommend keeping schools and other educational facilities open amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Child health is a state of physical, mental, intellectual, social, and emotional well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.8 , 9 Prolonged school closing exposes children to serious mental and social distress, possibly leading to serious long-term effects later in life. These consolidated notions prompted the authors to emphasize that indiscriminate school closing policies established by European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic is a questionable preventive measure not supported by sufficient evidenc
Framing Immigrant Integration
No full textDebates on immigrant integration often center on "national models of integration," a concept that reflects the desire of both researchers and policy makers to find common ground. This book challenges the idea that there has ever been a coherent or consistent Dutch model of integration and asserts that though Dutch society has long been seen as exemplary for its multiculturalism-and argues that the incorporation of migrants remains one of the country's most pressing social and political concerns. In addition to an analysis of how immigration is framed and reframed through diverse dialogues, the author provides a highly dynamic overview of integration policy and its evolution alongside migration research
The philosophy of martial arts – the example of the concept of <i>Ido</i>
No full textThe Ido philosophy is a proposal to clarify the meaning of today’s warrior pathway.
The author tries to answer the following questions: In what way should we understand epistemology? How do we describe the human being and the phenomenon of martial arts? What is the meaning of the terms ‘idō’ and ‘Idōkan’? What ethics, values and rules are prominent in the Ido? What is the specific, symbolic content of the Ido?
This is a single case study, involving a content analysis of literature and the wider discourse, and the hermeneutic phenomenology.
Epistemology is understood here as a way of understanding the martial arts by the practitioner, and as a way of reaching the truth about the philosophy of martial arts. In both cases it is the practice that is their own psychophysical experience. Man and the phenomenon of martial arts (ontology) here we treat holistically. ‘Ido’ is an ambiguous concept, but in Ido philosophy we understand it in the first place as the principle of ‘continuous movement’. The prevailing ethic is derivative of the tradition of chivalry, which is also accented in symbolism.
The Ido philosophy, as an anthropology of martial arts and today’s Warrior Way, draws from the wisdom of the East and the West, but not uncritically. Normative ethics realizes the ideals of nobility, as Homo Creator Nobilis. This indicates the way in which value requires great effort, self-discipline and perseverance. It focuses especially on timeless, higher values, such as fidelity, truth, and the pursuit of wisdom
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Downregulates the Cell Surface Expression of the CD4 Molecule
No full textIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been implicated in preventing the fetus from undergoing maternal T cell-mediated immune responses, yet the mechanism underlying these kinds of IDO-mediated immune responses has not been fully elucidated. Since the CD4 molecule plays a central role in the onset and regulation of antigen-specific immune responses, and T cell is sensitive in the absence of tryptophan, we hypothesize that IDO may reduce cell surface CD4 expression. To test this hypothesis, an adenoviral vector-based construct IDO-EGFP was generated and the effect of IDO-EGFP on CD4 expression was determined on recombinant adenoviral infected C8166 and MT-2 cells, by flow cytometry and/or Western blot analysis. The results revealed a significant downregulation of cell membrane CD4 in pAd-IDOEGFP infected cells when compared to that of mock-infected cells or infection with empty vector pAd-EGFP. Further experiments disclosed that either an addition of tryptophan or IDO inhibitor could partly restore CD4 expression in pAd-IDOEGFP infected C8166 cells. Our findings suggest that downregulation of CD4 by IDO might be one of the mechanisms through which IDO regulates T cell-mediated immune responses.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000309272700011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyChemistry, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)3ARTICLE910863-108791
Towards creating a non-synthetic group recommendation dataset
No full textRecommender systems can be useful in group settings, e.g. when choosing a movie to watch with a group. However, while considerable research in group recommendation has been performed, we still lack truly ecological datasets on group recommendations in real life consumption scenarios. Much of the existing work considers hypothetical consumption scenarios, and commonly, individual ratings are aggregated, but no actual group consumption takes place in which situational differences per group are taken into account. In this paper, we outline a vision for acquiring more realistic and ecological group consumption data, based on a crowdsourcing application that will acquire individual ratings per group consumption event. We discuss various design decisions that will allow us to gather these ratings effectively from a large group of people, and demonstrate and evaluate the viability of our approach towards reaching group consensus through rating session simulations.Multimedia Computin
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