133 research outputs found
E-exchange and the Boundary between Households and Organizations
No full textThe new information and communication technology, ICT, induces households to take over tasks from firms and government agencies, using tools and systems provided by these very same organizations. The result is often joint production activities. We argue that the importance of ICT for the exchange process between households and organizations is underestimated by only considering the consequences for the last stage of the process, i.e., the final purchase of goods and services. Our analysis of household behavior utilizes a modified version of Gary Becker’s model of the household as a combined producer-consumer.internet information, e-exchange, household production, co-production, household power, exit/voice
Fact or fiction? : Studies in honour of Solveig Granath
No full textThis volume collects 14 studies that approach conventional notions of fact and fiction from a wide variety of vantage points. The contributions run the gamut of fields as diverse as language history, syntax, corpus linguistics, applied linguistics, literature, and terminology. Along the way, a few myths are shattered, and new light is shed on some facts and fictions of language. This festschrift is dedicated to Professor Solveig Granath</p
On shoplifting and tax fraud: An action-theoretic analysis of crime
No full textThe article evaluates different theories of action in the area of crime research. A narrow version of rational choice theory assumes actors to choose in an instrumental, outcome-oriented way. It hypothesises that individuals weight the costs and benefits of criminal acts with subjective probabilities. In contrast, a wide version of the theory allows individuals to derive utility directly from choosing certain actions. Previous studies either do not directly test these theories or yield inconsistent results. We show that a meaningful test of these rival rational choice explanations can only be conducted if a broader view is adopted that takes into account the interplay of moral norms and instrumental incentives. Such a view can be derived from the Model of Frame Selection (Kroneberg 2005) and the Situational Action Theory of Crime Causation (Wikström 2004). Based on these theories, we analyze the willingness to engage in shoplifting and tax fraud in a sample of 2,130 adults from Dresden, Germany. In line with our theoretical expectations, we find that only respondents who do not feel bound by moral norms consider instrumental incentives. Where norms have been strongly internalised and in the absence of neutralisation techniques which legitimise norm-breaking, instrumental incentives are irrelevant.
Bridging the Gap between Attitude and Behavior in Food Consumption
No full textAbstractTitle: “Bridging the gap between attitude and behavior in food consumption”Authors: Maria Frostling-Henningsson, Solveig WikströmAffiliations: School of Business, Stockholm universityKeywords: Attitude, behavior, food consumptionThere are many demands on contemporary food consumption for bringing about not only well-being but also pleasure and health. The different demands are often perceived as conflicting, calling for trade offs. One example is the contradiction between what tastes good and what is healthy. Theoretical research on these issues deals with the well known fact that what consumers say and what they do are not always the same. Hence, there is a gap between attitudes and behavior, extensively referred to in consumer behavior literature, but scarcely researched more in depth. The most influential model for measuring attitudes is the Fishbein model, taking into account salient beliefs, object attribute linkages and evaluation, but ignoring the role of affection.We proceed from an approach where the food and the meal are embedded in a cultural and social context. With this approach the gap between attitude and behavior depends not only on consumers’ preferences and resources, but rather on the involvement, perceptions, experiences, life-styles and self-image of the consumers. We also proceed from a perspective where consumption of food is perceived as defining relationships with ‘people that matter’.Theoretically, we will proceed from Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance, Levi-Strauss ideas of structures behind the fluctuating and changing appearances of social behavior and Miller’s theory of shopping.The results will add empirical and theoretical knowledge regarding how consumers relate to food on a broad basis. The study will provide knowledge about combinations of claims that consumers perceive as strongly contradictory when making decisions concerning food. Additionally, the analysis will provide information about various patterns of trade offs that different category of consumers’ exhibit. In summary, this information will explain the mechanisms behind the gap between what consumers say and what they actually do.The research is part of a four year multidisciplinary research program.</p
The roots and fruits of the Nordic Consumer Research
No full textKirjoittajat: Grønhaug Kjell, Grunert Klaus G.,
Uusitalo Klaus, Wikström Solveig R.,
Brembeck Helene, Johansson Barbro,
Bergström Kerstin, Hillén Sandra, Jonsson Lena, Ossiansson Eva, Shnahan Helena, Halkoaho Jenniina,
Hansson Niklas, Holmberg Ulrika, Kotro Tanja,
Repo Petteri, Bråtå Hans Olav, Hagen Svein erik,
Hauge Atle, Lammi Minna, Pantzar Mika,
Timonen Päivi, Mickelsson Jacob, Mauri Aurelio G.,
Soone Ivar, Ryynänen Toni, Varjonen Johannafi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed|ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
No one is "pro-politically correct" [Elektronisk resurs] : Positive construals of <em>political correctness</em> in Twitter conversations
No full textThis study investigates use of the contested term politically correct (PC) in written conversational exchanges on Twitter. PC is sometimes assumed to be entirely a fabrication by conservatives or the far right, not a label that anyone would voluntarily attach to themselves. This study focuses on discursive instantiations of PC that challenge this assumption by construing PC favorably. To this end, a small set of conversations featuring more-or-less clearly positive construals of PC, selected from an initial material of 184 Twitter conversations containing the target phrase “politically correct,” are analyzed in detail. The aim is to see how such construals appear and function in everyday discourse.</p
Pleurota dalilae Tabell & Wikström & Mutanen & Bruckner & Sihvonen 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPleurota dalilae Tabell, sp. nov. Barcode Index Number:BOLD:ADB1135 Table 1, Figs. 21–22, 42, 59, 65, 66 Type material. Holotype ♀ (GP 5914 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26143 Lepid Phyl): Tunisia, 2 km E El Kef, N36.1722 E8.7327, 8.V.2018, J. Tabell leg. (coll. MZH), BOLD sample ID: MM26143, http://id.luomus.fi/GBT. 4 Paratypes: 3 ♂ (GP 5920 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26142 Lepid Phyl; DNA sample 26258 Lepid Phyl), same collecting data as holotype (coll. TAB); 4 ♂ (DNA sample 24829 Lepid. Phyl; DNA sample 24828 Lepid Phyl [barcoding failed]; DNA sample 24830 Lepid Phyl [barcoding failed]; DNA sample 24831 Lepid Phyl [barcoding failed]), Tunisia, Atlas Mts, 40 km SE Le Kef, near El Ksour village, 2.V.2000, K. Nupponen leg. (colls. NUP and TAB); 21 ♂ (GP 5910 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26259 Lepid Phyl; DNA sample 26260 Lepid Phyl; GP 5917 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26262 Lepid Phyl), Tunisia, 13.5 km ESE Maktar, 810 m, N35.8022 E9.3386, 7.V.2018, J. Tabell leg. (coll. TAB). Diagnosis. P. dalilae is externally similar to P. bicostella and P. lepigrei, but it is smaller, and the fringes on forewing are darker. In the male genitalia, the posterior lobe of juxta is longer and narrower than in bicostella, but shorter than in lepigrei. In the female genitalia, the shape of segment 8 (subquadrate in dalilae, quadrate in bicostella, longitudinally rectangular in lepigrei), the shape of antrum (anteriorly expanded in dalilae, tapered in bicostella, parallel-sided in lepigrei) and the size of posterior signa, are distinguishing characters. Molecular data. Seven specimens of dalilae were sequenced successfully, resulting in 658 (n=1), 655 (n=1), 654 (n=3), 622 (n=1) and 621 (n=1) bp barcode sequences. The nearest neighbour to dalilae is lepigrei, with a 2.99 % divergence. The barcodes of dalilae exhibit 0.65 % intraspecific variation. Description. Adult. Wingspan 17.8–20.8 mm. Labial palpus off-white, ventrally dark brown, 6.4 x as long as diameter of eye (1 st and 2 nd palpomeres), 3 rd palpomere 0.32 x length of 1 st and 2 nd palpomeres.Antenna brown. Head off-white, thorax and tegula off-white, mixed with pale brown. Forewing white, dispersed with pale ochre, pale grey and pale brown scales, discal spot distinct, discocellular spot small, plical streak indistinct, fringe line distinct; costal line white, moderately broad, from near base to 0.8; subcostal line brown, slightly expanded towards apex. Fringe mixed with white and pale grey. Hindwing pale grey, fringe pale grey, apically white. Abdomen pale grey, slightly lustrous, each segment with a transverse row of ochre scales. Male genitalia. Uncus bell-shaped from ventral view, as long as gnathos, covered with several bristles of different size, apex with long narrow stout protuberance. Gnathos funnel-shaped from ventral view, evenly tapered towards apex, apical third surfaced with scobination, apex stout. Valva slightly upwardly oblique from ventral view, ventral margin medially slightly bulged, costa horizontal, slightly bulged medially; cucullus thimble-shaped; sacculus moderately broad, covered with several bristles; valval lobe well delineated, crescent-shaped, surfaced by several nodules with bristles. Juxta tuning-fork-shaped; posterior lobe exceeding the base of uncus. Phallus slightly arched, parallel-sided, with one plate-shaped weakly sclerotized cornutus and a patch of small spines. Female genitalia. Papilla analis elongate, narrow, densely covered with bristles of different size. Apophysis posterioris 2.9 x as long as papilla analis and 1.5 x as long as apophysis anterioris, which is 1.3 x as long as segment 8. Segment 8 subquadrate, dorsolaterally sclerotized by a narrow band, proximal margin evenly convex, broadly sclerotized, caudal margin slightly concave, lined with several long bristles; ventral longitudinal sclerotization clubshaped. Antrum as long as segment 8, anteriorly expanded, membranous, with two small sclerotized plates. Ductus bursae short and broad. Corpus bursae ovoid, large, with one wide arched signum bearing two narrow and long protuberances, and two leaf-shaped posterior signa with broad base and narrow spine. Biology. Unknown. The specimens collected by the first author were netted in Pinus forests, lower vegetation dominated by Cytisus sp. (Fabaceae) in El Kef and Salvia rosmarinus (Lamiaceae) near Maktar. Etymology. The species is named in honour of Tunisian scientist Dr. Dalila Haouas. Distribution. Tunisia, known from two localities in Kef Governorate near the Algerian border. Results. The series from near Maktar was collected with P. illucidella.Published as part of Tabell, Jukka, Wikström, Bo, Mutanen, Marko, Bruckner, Harald & Sihvonen, Pasi, 2021, Subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) revisited and descriptions of nine new species in the P. bicostella species group (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on pages 469-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459550
Another Look at Consumer Dissatisfaction as a Measure of Market Performance
No full textIn this article consumer dissatisfaction (CD) is explored in some depth on thebasis of cross-national data. Two issues are focused upon. First, what is behind the figuresindicating quite a lot of dissatisfaction? To what extent is CD affected by the quality ofgoods and services bought and present marketing practice, and to what extent by othervariables such as social and cultural characteristics of the consumers? Second, what arethe basic differences in the perception of CD between consumers themselves and their"ombudsmen"
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