31 research outputs found
Ich und mein Dämon. Unfreiwillige Kollaborationen und die Konstitution weiblicher Autorschaft in Bettina von Arnims "Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde"
No full textThe paper argues that the ways in which editors shape cultural perceptions of authors, or their works, are only partially evident from theoretical writings and testimonies. Programmes and practices of editing often do not coincide, they can even contradict each other. This is not necessarily due to a lack of consistency, but to the fact that there is an inherent logic to editorial practice that is sometimes not even fully reflected upon by the professionals and experts within the community. What is needed, it is argued, is a praxeological approach that looks at the practices of selecting and editing, framing and medially placing texts, as well as the social, economical and political aspects of editions in concrete historical constellations. Thus, fundamental tensions that characterize the practice of modern editing since the beginning become visible. In the nineteenth century, a notion of editorship as a purely reproductive activity emerged. Editors were not allowed anymore to make any interventions in the texts. However, this concept of editorship contrasted with the idea that the editor should become a second maker, by not only replicating the original creative activity, but claiming to be able to understand the author better than the author understands him- or herself. The collaborative practice of editorship therefore equally works in favour of the author and against the author. Bettina von Arnim’s literary debut Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde (1835) is used as an example to illustrate this basic problem of modern editorship. In Arnim’s work, different functions and programmatics of editorship come together. Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde is situated between a poetic form of appropriation and a poeto-philological practice of editing. It is both an act of memorialization and an attempt by the editor to secure a place for herself in the literary field. Through her editing of the letters and their arrangement, Arnim initially places herself in the role of one of Goethe’s imaginary sister: At the end of the first part of the correspondence, Arnim is asked by Goethe’s mother to write down the story of Karoline von Günderrode. Thus, she composes a female Wertheriade. In the second part, Arnim stages herself as the poet’s muse by putting words into her own mouth in the letters to Goethe that later reappear in his poems. Finally, Arnim repeatedly slips into the role of Goethe’s female characters and continues their stories on her own authority. While the second part of the correspondence ends with Goethe’s death, the third part, the Tagebuch (Diary), becomes the initiation of Arnim’s own authorship. Here the dialogue turns into a monologue. The logic of inspiration is reversed: Arnim becomes a poet kissed and blessed by the muse Goethe. Owing to its fictional elements, Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde has tended to be regarded in German-studies scholarship as an epistolary novel or artistic adaptation rather than as an ›edition‹ in the proper sense of the word. This article, on the contrary, argues that the book illuminates a fundamental contradiction of modern editing precisely because of its intermediate status between philology and poetry. Editorial activities always aim to establish an authentic speech and a specific form of authorship. Even as nineteenth-century editorial philology formed an ethos that prohibited purposeful interference with the text, the editors still claimed to become second creators. This led to self-contradictions that have not been discussed within philology for a long time. Arnim’s poetical edition Goethe’s Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde makes this contradiction visible by exaggerating it: She pursues the hubris of being able to understand the author better than he understands himself in an excessive form.Peer Reviewe
Performance Analysis of Low- Complexity Precoding Scheme In MU - Massive MIMO for 5G and Beyond Networks
No full textMaximum ratio combining (MRC), maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and zero forcing (ZF) are well known precoders which have been researched out in recent
studies. In this thesis, the performances of maximum ratio combining (MRC) and
zero forcing (ZF) at uplink and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and zero forcing
( ZF) at downlink MU - Massive MIMO system have been analyzed and compared.
This work focuses on a single-cell with multiple base station antenna serving multiple
user equipments. The achievable sumrate and all the required metrics in uplink and
downlink system using low complex linear precoding scheme under different scenario
have been derived .
In this work two regimes are considered for SNR and it has been mathematically
proved and simulated using Matlab2018. These two regimes are high SNR and low
SNR. Also low complex linear precoders have been proposed. The proposed idea is to
predict and use the precoder which results better performance in terms of achievable
rate, spectral efficiency and energy efficiency for a given channel. In the downlink
scenario we applied normalization method for equal allocation of power for both MRT
and ZF precoders.
For low SNR, MRC and MRT perform better than zero forcing. For high SNR, zero
forcing (ZF) performs better than MRC and MRT. From the result executed MRT
have better performance than ZF when the number of user is lesser under vector
normalization. Similarly, under low SNR, ZF precoders have lesser performance than
MRT precoding scheme in matrix normalization.
Generally , the performance of the precoders will begin to grow up as the number
of BS antenna is folded. In uplink case an achievable rate for zero forcing and
MRC grows by 31.12 % and 33.4 % respectively for low power. Similarly, achievable
rate for zero forcing and MRC grows by 11.48 % and 36.4 % respectively for high
uplink power.In downlink case an achievable rate under vector normalization for zero
forcing and MRT grows by 28.8 % and 27.1 % respectively for low BS transmitter
power.Similarly, achievable rate for zero forcing and MRT grows by 11.8 % and 7.32
% respectively for high BS transmitter powe
MALARIA VECTOR CONTROL HISTORY AND CHALLENGES IN ETHIOPIA: MINI REVIEW
No full textIn Ethiopia, malaria has been an ancient and historical vector-borne disease. Over 75% of the land surface is malarious, and around 60% of the population is malaria at risk with varying intensity. In 1966, concerted eradication efforts began with the motivation being to eradicate malaria from Ethiopia by 1980. And indoor residual spray (IRS) with Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT) and trained local staff on vector control methods was the main focus. However, malaria prevalence increased, and the major epidemic occurs every 5-8 years. It manifests a significant problem to the economic and social development of the country. The government directed a malaria control action plan under the objectives of Roll Back Malaria (RBM), which guided prevention and control activities. Between 2005 to 2018, Ethiopia distributed around 100 million long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), and 93.7% of the at-risk population were protected up to 2018 by the IRS. The malaria prevalence rate in 2011 was 1.3 whereas, in 2015, it decreased to 0.5. Ethiopia plans to achieve nationwide malaria elimination by 2030. Malaria is still public health threaten disease & accounts for 30% of the overall disability-adjusted life years lost in Ethiopia. And vector control interventions effectiveness has a serious obstacle due to resistance development to all available insecticide and the flexibility of Anopheles mosquito species behavior. Focuses on the history of malaria eradication and control and the controversial issues in malaria elimination. Requires thoughtful consideration of all risks, benefits, and challenges
Immunohistopathological findings in the lungs of calves naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis
No full textHistology and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse the lesions and distribution of Mycoplasma bovis antigen in the lungs of 18 naturally infected calves. Microscopic examination of pneumonic lungs revealed two distinct patterns of necrosis and inflammation. The first pattern was observed in six of 18 (33.3%) calves in which microscopic lesions were characterized by large irregular areas of coagulative necrosis surrounded by a dense zone of degenerated neutrophils. Moderate amounts of mycoplasmal antigen were in the centre and periphery of these necrotic foci and, to a lesser extent, in mononuclear cells of the peribronchial lymphoid tissue. The second pattern was observed in 18 of 18 (100%) calves and consisted of rounded foci of caseous necrosis composed by granular eosinophilic material surrounded by a rim of granulation tissue. Large amounts of M. bovis antigen were detected in the centre and periphery of these necrotic foci and, to a lesser extent, in the peribronchial lymphoid tissue, and alveolar and interstitial macrophages. It was concluded that both caseous and coagulative necrosis of the lung parenchyma was primarily caused by M. bovis. Infection with M. bovis should be suspected in bovine necrotic bronchopneumonia, particularly in cases in which the pulmonary necrosis is part of a pyogranulomatous inflammation centred around airways. The pattern of caseous necrosis with pyogranulomatous inflammation is characteristic of M. bovis infection while the pattern of coagulative necrosis is similar to and must be differentiated from Mannheimia haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus infection.PT: J; CR: ADEGBOYE DS, 1995, J VET DIAGN INVEST, V7, P261 ADEGBOYE DS, 1995, J VET DIAGN INVEST, V7, P333 BENNETT RH, 1977, AM J VET RES, V38, P1731 BOOTHBY JT, 1988, CORNELL VET, V76, P188 BOUGHTON E, 1979, VET B, V49, P377 BRICE N, 2000, VET REC, V146, P643 BUCHVAROVA Y, 1989, ARCH EXP VET MED, V43, P685 DUNGWORTH DL, 1993, PATHOLOGY DOMESTIC A, P539 GEARY SJ, 1981, SCIENCE, V212, P1032 GOURLAY RN, 1985, RES VET SCI, V38, P377 GOURLAY RN, 1989, VET REC, V124, P420 HAINES DM, 1991, J VET DIAGN INVEST, V3, P101 HAINES DM, 2001, CAN VET J, V42, P857 HEWICKERTRAUTWEIN M, 2002, VET REC, V151, P699 KINDE H, 1993, J VET DIAGN INVEST, V5, P194 LOPEZ A, 1986, AM J VET RES, V47, P1283 LOPEZ A, 2001, SPECIAL VET PATHOLOG, P125 LOPEZ A, 2002, 18 PAN AM C VET SCI NICHOLAS RAJ, 2003, RES VET SCI, V74, P105 POTGIETER LND, 1995, VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A, V11, P501 RODRIGUEZ F, 1996, J COMP PATHOL, V115, P151 SHAHRIAR FM, 2002, CAN VET J, V43, P863 SLAUSON DO, 1990, MECH DIS TXB COMP GE THOMAS A, 2002, VET RES COMMUN, V26, P333; NR: 24; TC: 1; J9: J VET MED A-PHYSIOL PATHOL CL; PG: 5; GA: 818KGSource type: Electronic(1
Exploring the impact of house screening intervention on entomological indices and incidence of malaria in Arba Minch town, southwest Ethiopia: A randomized control trial
No full textRisk Factors for Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Somali Region of Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case-Control Study
No full textBackground. Chikungunya virus is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Chikungunya virus outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread, and the disease manifests as acute fever. This study aimed at determining risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak to apply appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods. Unmatched case-control study was performed to identify risk factors of chikungunya outbreak in Somali region of Ethiopia in 2019. Cases and controls were enrolled with 1 : 2 ratio. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were implemented. The serum samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute Laboratory. Results. A total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 20.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4–66.7), presence of open water holding container (AOR: 4.0; CI: 1.2–3.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (AOR: 4.8; CI: 1.4–16.8), ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors (AOR: 27.9; CI: 6.5–120.4), and not wearing full body cover clothes (AOR: 8.1; CI: 2.2–30.1) were significant risk factors. Conclusion. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping, presence of open water holding container, presence of larvae in water holding container, ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors, and not wearing full body cover clothes are risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak
Tef (Eragrostis tef) Variety ‘Tesfa’
No full textጤፍ በኢትዮጵያ ከሚመረቱ የብርዕና አገዳ ሰብልች ዋናው ሲሆን የዓመቱ ቁጥር ከ6.5 ሚሉዮን የማያንስ አርሶ አዯር ያመርተዋሌ፡፡ ይህም አጠቃሊይ በብርዕና አገዳ ሰብልች ከሚሸፈነው ማሳ 30% ድርሻ አሇው፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ ከላልች ሰብልች ጋር ሲነፃፀር ምርታማነቱ አነስተኛ ነው፡፡ ሇዚህም ምክንያቱ በከፊሌ አርሶ አዯሩ ያሌተሻሻለ የአካባቢ ዝርያዎችን በመጠቀሙና፣ የሰብለ ተፈጥሯዊ የመጋሸብ ባህሪ ናቸው፡፡ የዚህ ጥናት ዓሊማ በተሇየ ምርምር አሰራር የተገኘን የጤፍ ዝርያን በመፈተሸ የተሻሇ ምርት፤ የአገዳ ጥንካሬን አንዲሁም የዘር ቀሇም ያሇውና በአርሶ አዯሩ ተመራጭ ዝርያ ማፍሇቅ ነበር፡፡ በጥናቱ በቅርቡ የተሇቀቀ አንድ ዝርያና አንድ የአካባቢ ዝርያን ጨምሮ 10 የተሇያዩ የጤፍ አይነቴዎችን በማካተት በስድስት ወካይ ጤፍ አብቃይ ቦታዎች ሊይ ተፈትሸው ተስፋ (ዯዘ-ክሮስ-457) ተብል የተሰየመውና የተሇያዩ የጤፍ አይነቴዎች ተዳቅሇው የተገኘው ዝርያ ከላልች ማወዳዯሪያ ተፈታሽ ዝርያዎች የተሻሇ ውጤት በማስመዝገቡ በብሄራዊ የዝርያ አፅዳቂ ኮሚቴ ተገምግሞ ሇምርት እንዲሇቀቅ ተወስኗሌ፡፡ ይህ ዝርያ ከላልች ዝርያዎች በንፅፅር መጋሸብን በመቋቋሙ፤ የተሻሇ ምርት በመስጠቱ በአርሶአዯሩ ተፈሊጊ ከመሆኑም በሻገር ከዝርያው ባህሪ የተነሳ ሇመስኖ እርሻና በሰብሌ መድረሻ ጊዜ የማጨጃ የእርሻ መሳሪያ መጠቀም ያስችሊሌ፡፡Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is extensively cultivated cereal crop in Ethiopia where it is annually grown by about 6.5 million smallholder farmers on about 30% of the total area allocated to cereal crops.However, the productivity of tef is very low compared to other cereals mainly due to lack of high yielding and lodging tolerant cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the recently released tef variety called Tesfaand to provide unique morphological and agronomic descriptions of this new variety. Ten genotypes which were derived from three independent crosses and bred for at least eight generations plus a local and standard check varieties were tested at six tef growing sites in Ethiopia (namely, Adet, Chafe Donsa,DebreZeit black soil, DebreZeit light soil,Ginchiand Holetta) using RandomizedCompleteBlock Design with three replications. The study found that Tesfa(DZ-Cr-457 RIL-181) which was obtained from a cross between kinde (a semi-dwarf mutant line developed at the University of Bern, Switzerland) and Kay Murri(a landrace) outperformed other genotypes and approved for release by the Ethiopian National Variety Release Committee in March 2017.The main advantages of Tesfa over other tested lines were its higher grain yield and higher lodging tolerance. In addition, Tesfa possesses unique properties for which high acceptance by growers is expected. These are its compact panicle, lack of shattering, and thick and strong cul
Adele Schreiber (1872-1957). Wissenschaftliche Aufklärung und sozialpolitisches Engagement für Mütter und Kinder
No full textAm Anfang steht ein biographischer Überblick über Schreibers sozialpolitische Programmatik und ihr Engagement als Journalistin in bürgerlich-radikalen Frauenorganisationen und in der Parteipolitik (Weltbund für Frauenstimmrecht und staatsbürgerliche Mitarbeit/International Alliance of Women; Bund für Mutterschutz und Sexualreform; Gründung und Vorsitz der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mutter- und Kindesrecht, 1910); Mitgliedschaft in der Sozialdemokratie, 1918; Vorsitzende der Abteilung „Mutter und Kind“ in der Abteilung des Roten Kreuzes, 1920-1924, u.a.). Angeregt durch die englische Settlement-Bewegung sah Schreiber ihre Aufgabe in der Aufklärung durch Wissenschaft und in sozialpolitischen Reformen. Mit brillant geschriebenen, statistisch argumentierenden Artikeln und Buchveröffentlichungen, aber auch als begabte Rednerin tritt sie in Deutschland und international für die Rechte von Müttern und Kindern ein. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen die drei von Schreiber herausgegebenen „Sammelwerke“ Das Buch vom Kinde, 1906/07; Mutterschaft, 1912; Das Reich des Kindes, 1930, deren Ziel die Durchsetzung einer „neuen Ethik“ und Rechtsprechung in Fragen der Mutterschaft, insbesondere auch gegenüber unehelichen Müttern, sowie die gesetzliche Verankerung von Kinderrechten weltweit ist. Die „neue Ethik“ schließt die Empfehlung eugenischer, vor allem gesundheits- und entwicklungsfördernder, aber auch in die Rechte des Individuums eingreifender Maßnahmen ein. Schreibers Vorschläge und ihr Verhalten werden dargestellt. (Autorin)The article begins with a biographical overview of Schreiber\u27s socio-political programme and her involvement as a journalist in bourgeois-radical women\u27s organizations and in party politics (World Federation for Women\u27s Suffrage and Civic Women’s Work, later International Alliance of Women; Federation for the Protection of Mothers and Social Reform; foundation and chairmanship of the German Society for Mother’s and Children’s Rights, 1910); membership of the Social Democrats, 1918; head of the “Mother and Child” department of the German Red Cross, 1920-1924, etc.). Inspired by the English settlement movement, Schreiber saw her task as enlightenment through science and socio-political reform. With brilliantly written, statistically argued articles and book publications, but also as a talented speaker, she stood up for the rights of mothers and children in Germany and internationally. The analysis focuses on the three “collected works” published by Schreiber, Das Buch vom Kinde, 1906/07; Mutterschaft, 1912; Das Reich des Kindes, 1930, whose aim was to implement a “new ethic” and jurisprudence in questions of motherhood, especially with regard to illegitimate mothers, as well as the legal establishment of children\u27s rights worldwide. The “new ethics” includes the recommendation of eugenic measures, especially those that promote health and development, but also those that interfere with the rights of the individual. Schreiber\u27s proposals and their behavior are presented. (Author
