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    Apport de la manométrie antro-pyloro-duodénale haute résolution couplée à l'impédancemétrie dans la physiopathologie des syndromes dyspeptiques.

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    High-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry (HR-ADM) allows detailed exploration of gastrointestinal contractions, and their propagation. However, its contribution to the exploration of motor and functional disorders of the gastro-duodenal region, with dyspeptic syndromes, has poorly been assessed. The 1st axis of this work focused on the prognostic contribution of intestinal manometry. We showed that a small bowel dysmotility was associated with increased mortality, compared with patients with normal manometry, with a hazard ratio of 2.60 [1.29-6.89] independently of age, sex and comorbidities. The 2nd axis compared the motor profiles between healthy volunteers and patients with disorders of the gut-brain axis (DGBI), mainly functional dyspepsia (FD) using HR-ADM. Patients with DGBI had lower duodenal motility during phase II of the migrating motor complex, with fewer antro-duodenal propagated contractions. Manometric data were then correlated with a concomitant measurement of gastric emptying. We showed that, a decrease in antral contraction frequency and pylorospasm in the postprandial period were present in 56% and 32% of patients with delayed gastric emptying respectively. Finally, the 3rd axis assessed our probe's measurement of duodenal impedance. We showed that this correlated with duodenal intestinal permeability, based on the expression of tight junction proteins. A decrease in intestinal permeability using impedance was observed in patients with FD, and those with irritable bowel syndrome, compared to healthy volunteers.La manométrie antro-pyloro-duodénale en haute résolution (MAD-HR) permet une exploration fine des contractions gastro-intestinales et leur propagation. Son apport dans l’exploration des troubles moteurs et fonctionnels de la région gastro-duodénale, se manifestant par des syndromes dyspeptiques, a pourtant été peu évalué. Le 1e axe de ce travail s’est focalisé sur l’apport pronostique de la manométrie intestinale. Nous avons montré qu’une dysmotilité de l’intestin grêle était associée à une surmortalité, par rapport aux patients avec une manométrie normale avec un hazard ratio de 2.60 [1.29–6.89] indépendamment de l’âge, du sexe et des comorbidités. Le 2e axe a comparé les profils moteurs observés en MAD-HR entre les volontaires sains et les patients atteints de désordres de l’axe cerveau intestin (DACI), et principalement une dyspepsie fonctionnelle (DF). Les patients avec DACI présentaient une motricité duodénale diminuée pendant la phase II du complexe moteur migrant, avec moins de contractions propagées antro-duodénales. Les données manométriques ont ensuite été corrélées à une mesure concomitante de la vidange gastrique. Nous avons montré qu’en post-prandial, une diminution de fréquence des contractions antrales, et un pylorospasme étaient présents chez respectivement 56% et 32% des patients avec vidange gastrique ralentie. Enfin, le 3e axe évaluait la mesure par notre sonde de l’impédancemétrie duodénale. Nous avons montré que celle-ci était corrélée à la perméabilité intestinale duodénale, évaluée par l’expression des protéines de jonctions serrées. Une diminution de la perméabilité intestinale en impédancemétrie était observée chez les patients avec DF et ceux avec syndrome de l’intestin irritable, en comparaison aux volontaires sains

    Contribution of high-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry with impedance in the pathophysiology of dyspeptic syndromes

    No full text
    La manométrie antro-pyloro-duodénale en haute résolution (MAD-HR) permet une exploration fine des contractions gastro-intestinales et leur propagation. Son apport dans l’exploration des troubles moteurs et fonctionnels de la région gastro-duodénale, se manifestant par des syndromes dyspeptiques, a pourtant été peu évalué. Le 1e axe de ce travail s’est focalisé sur l’apport pronostique de la manométrie intestinale. Nous avons montré qu’une dysmotilité de l’intestin grêle était associée à une surmortalité, par rapport aux patients avec une manométrie normale avec un hazard ratio de 2.60 [1.29–6.89] indépendamment de l’âge, du sexe et des comorbidités. Le 2e axe a comparé les profils moteurs observés en MAD-HR entre les volontaires sains et les patients atteints de désordres de l’axe cerveau intestin (DACI), et principalement une dyspepsie fonctionnelle (DF). Les patients avec DACI présentaient une motricité duodénale diminuée pendant la phase II du complexe moteur migrant, avec moins de contractions propagées antro-duodénales. Les données manométriques ont ensuite été corrélées à une mesure concomitante de la vidange gastrique. Nous avons montré qu’en post-prandial, une diminution de fréquence des contractions antrales, et un pylorospasme étaient présents chez respectivement 56% et 32% des patients avec vidange gastrique ralentie. Enfin, le 3e axe évaluait la mesure par notre sonde de l’impédancemétrie duodénale. Nous avons montré que celle-ci était corrélée à la perméabilité intestinale duodénale, évaluée par l’expression des protéines de jonctions serrées. Une diminution de la perméabilité intestinale en impédancemétrie était observée chez les patients avec DF et ceux avec syndrome de l’intestin irritable, en comparaison aux volontaires sains.High-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry (HR-ADM) allows detailed exploration of gastrointestinal contractions, and their propagation. However, its contribution to the exploration of motor and functional disorders of the gastro-duodenal region, with dyspeptic syndromes, has poorly been assessed. The 1st axis of this work focused on the prognostic contribution of intestinal manometry. We showed that a small bowel dysmotility was associated with increased mortality, compared with patients with normal manometry, with a hazard ratio of 2.60 [1.29-6.89] independently of age, sex and comorbidities. The 2nd axis compared the motor profiles between healthy volunteers and patients with disorders of the gut-brain axis (DGBI), mainly functional dyspepsia (FD) using HR-ADM. Patients with DGBI had lower duodenal motility during phase II of the migrating motor complex, with fewer antro-duodenal propagated contractions. Manometric data were then correlated with a concomitant measurement of gastric emptying. We showed that, a decrease in antral contraction frequency and pylorospasm in the postprandial period were present in 56% and 32% of patients with delayed gastric emptying respectively. Finally, the 3rd axis assessed our probe's measurement of duodenal impedance. We showed that this correlated with duodenal intestinal permeability, based on the expression of tight junction proteins. A decrease in intestinal permeability using impedance was observed in patients with FD, and those with irritable bowel syndrome, compared to healthy volunteers

    Apport de la manométrie antro-pyloro-duodénale haute résolution couplée à l'impédancemétrie dans la physiopathologie des syndromes dyspeptiques.

    No full text
    High-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry (HR-ADM) allows detailed exploration of gastrointestinal contractions, and their propagation. However, its contribution to the exploration of motor and functional disorders of the gastro-duodenal region, with dyspeptic syndromes, has poorly been assessed. The 1st axis of this work focused on the prognostic contribution of intestinal manometry. We showed that a small bowel dysmotility was associated with increased mortality, compared with patients with normal manometry, with a hazard ratio of 2.60 [1.29-6.89] independently of age, sex and comorbidities. The 2nd axis compared the motor profiles between healthy volunteers and patients with disorders of the gut-brain axis (DGBI), mainly functional dyspepsia (FD) using HR-ADM. Patients with DGBI had lower duodenal motility during phase II of the migrating motor complex, with fewer antro-duodenal propagated contractions. Manometric data were then correlated with a concomitant measurement of gastric emptying. We showed that, a decrease in antral contraction frequency and pylorospasm in the postprandial period were present in 56% and 32% of patients with delayed gastric emptying respectively. Finally, the 3rd axis assessed our probe's measurement of duodenal impedance. We showed that this correlated with duodenal intestinal permeability, based on the expression of tight junction proteins. A decrease in intestinal permeability using impedance was observed in patients with FD, and those with irritable bowel syndrome, compared to healthy volunteers.La manométrie antro-pyloro-duodénale en haute résolution (MAD-HR) permet une exploration fine des contractions gastro-intestinales et leur propagation. Son apport dans l’exploration des troubles moteurs et fonctionnels de la région gastro-duodénale, se manifestant par des syndromes dyspeptiques, a pourtant été peu évalué. Le 1e axe de ce travail s’est focalisé sur l’apport pronostique de la manométrie intestinale. Nous avons montré qu’une dysmotilité de l’intestin grêle était associée à une surmortalité, par rapport aux patients avec une manométrie normale avec un hazard ratio de 2.60 [1.29–6.89] indépendamment de l’âge, du sexe et des comorbidités. Le 2e axe a comparé les profils moteurs observés en MAD-HR entre les volontaires sains et les patients atteints de désordres de l’axe cerveau intestin (DACI), et principalement une dyspepsie fonctionnelle (DF). Les patients avec DACI présentaient une motricité duodénale diminuée pendant la phase II du complexe moteur migrant, avec moins de contractions propagées antro-duodénales. Les données manométriques ont ensuite été corrélées à une mesure concomitante de la vidange gastrique. Nous avons montré qu’en post-prandial, une diminution de fréquence des contractions antrales, et un pylorospasme étaient présents chez respectivement 56% et 32% des patients avec vidange gastrique ralentie. Enfin, le 3e axe évaluait la mesure par notre sonde de l’impédancemétrie duodénale. Nous avons montré que celle-ci était corrélée à la perméabilité intestinale duodénale, évaluée par l’expression des protéines de jonctions serrées. Une diminution de la perméabilité intestinale en impédancemétrie était observée chez les patients avec DF et ceux avec syndrome de l’intestin irritable, en comparaison aux volontaires sains

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    Gastric Electrical Stimulation: Role and Clinical Impact on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting

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    International audienceGastric electrical stimulation (GES) is currently used as an alternative treatment for medically refractory gastroparesis. GES has been initially developed to accelerate gastric motility, in order to relieve the symptoms of the patients. Subsequent studies, unfortunately, failed to demonstrate the acceleration of gastric emptying using high-frequency stimulation – low energy stimulation although the technique has shown a clinical impact with a reduction of nausea and vomiting for patients with gastroparesis. The present review details the clinical efficacy of GES in gastroparesis as well as its putative mechanisms of action
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