8 research outputs found
مقایسه تاثیر یک دوره فعالیت درمانده ساز بر تعادل دینامیکی، تحرک پذیری مفصل و حس عمقی مفصل مچ پای زنان دارای کف پای صاف، گود و نرمال
No full textBackground and Aim: The difference in altitude due to the foot's arch between people with normal and flat feet affects gait parameters and may increase the risk of injury. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the effect of exhaustive activity on dynamic balance (DB), joint mobility (JM), and joint proprioception (JP) in women with flat, hollow, and normal feet.
Methods: In this study, 30 participants were given a written informed consent form, and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the doctor's confirmation that the exercises were safe, and divided into two experimental groups of flat, hollow feet and a control group (10 participants in each group) by simple random sampling. The variables of the DB test (Y test), JM (goniometer), and JP (AutoCAD software) of the subjects in the pre-test stage were measured. After that, the group performed flat and hollow feet in exhaustive activity during one session.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of DB, JM, and JP of the subjects in the three groups. There is a significant difference between the mean difference of DB, JM, and JP of normal and hollow feet. But no significant difference was observed between the experimental groups' mean DB, JM, and JP.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, coaches in sports teams are recommended to improve the fatigue threshold in the athletes by designing appropriate programs and thus prevent injuries to the fullest extent.
Please cite this article as:
Manafi M, Shojaedin SS, Solieman Fallah MA. Compare the Effect of Exhaustive Activity on Dynamic Balance, Joint Mobility, and Joint Proprioception Ankle Women with Flat, Hollow, and Normal Feet. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(3):248-61. doi: 10.22037/iipm.v10i3.38537سابقه و هدف: اختلاف ارتفاع ناشی از قوس های کف پایی بین افراد دارای پاهای نرمال و کف پای صاف بر پارامترهای راه رفتن اثر گذار است و ممکن است خطر آسیب دیدگی را افزایش دهد بر این اساس هدف از انجام این تحقیق مقایسه تاثیر یک دوره فعالیت درمانده ساز بر تعادل دینامیکی، تحرک پذیری مفصل و حس عمقی مفصل مچ پای زنان دارای کف پای صاف، گود و نرمال بود.
روش کار: در این تحقیق به 30 نفر فرم رضایت نامه کتبی آگاهانه داده شد و سپس براساس معیارهای ورود و خروج و تائید پزشک مبنی بر بی خطر بودن تمرینات انتخاب شدند و در ادامه به دو گروه تجربی کف پای صاف، کف پای گود و یک گروه کنترل (هر گروه 10 نفر) به صورت تصادفی ساده تقسیم شدند. اندازه گیری متغیرهای آزمون تعادل دینامیکی (آزمون وای)، تحرک پذیری مفصل (گونیامتر)، حس عمقی مچ پای (نرم افزار اتوکد) آزمودنی ها در مرحله پیش آزمون سنجیده شد. بعد از آن گروه کف پای صاف و کف پای گود تمرینات درمانده ساز را طی یک جلسه انجام دادند.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معناداری بین پیش آزمون و پس آزمون تعادل دینامیکی، تحرک پذیری مفصل و حس عمقی آزمودنی ها در سه گروه وجود دارد. بین میانگین نمره های تعادل دینامیکی، تحرک پذیری مفصل و حس عمقی گروه کف پای طبیعی و کف پای گود اختلاف معناداری وجود دارد. ولی اختلاف معناداری بین میانگین نمره های تعادل دینامیکی، تحرک پذیری مفصل و حس عمقی گروه های تجربی مشاهده نشد.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق به مربیان تیم های ورزشی توصیه می شود با طراحی برنامه های مناسب آستانه ی خستگی ورزشکاران را ارتقا داده و بدین صورت تا حد ممکن از بروز آسیب ها جلوگیری نمایند.
Please cite this article as:
Manafi M, Shojaedin SS, Solieman Fallah MA. Compare the Effect of Exhaustive Activity on Dynamic Balance, Joint Mobility, and Joint Proprioception Ankle Women with Flat, Hollow, and Normal Feet. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(3):248-61. doi: 10.22037/iipm.v10i3.3853
Correction to: Predominance of Fourth Panzootic Newcastle Disease Virus Subgenotype VII.1.1 in Iran and Its Relation to the Genotypes Circulating in the Region
No full textThe original version of this article contained a mistake in the co-author names “Mohammad Sotani and Esameel Allahyari”. The correct co-author names should be Mohammad Soltani and Esmaeel Allahyari
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Corresponding Author Effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency of Coker (flue-cured) tobacco inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum
No full textNosratabad: Effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency of Coker (flue-cured) tobacco inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum ABSTRACT A field study was carried out during a two-year period (2009 to 2010) in order to investigate yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Coker 347 (flue-cured) tobacco plant inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum at various levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. In a factorial trial and randomized completely block design, four levels of N fertilizer (non fertilizer, 15, 30 and 45 kg.ha -1 ) and three levels of Azotobacter chroococcum (without inoculation, 1 and 2 kg.ha -1 ) with three replications per treatments were added. The results showed that simultaneous application of N fertilizer and Azotobacter significantly increased leaf area index (LAI). Furthermore, inoculation tobacco root with bacterium had significant effect on N harvest index only in priming. Application of N fertilizer and Azotobacter significantly decreased N efficiencies (except agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency in tip that this decrease was not significant). The regression model for LAI showed that this parameter had significant positive correlation with quantitative characteristics (plant height, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number). Furthermore, the regression models for N efficiencies had significant positive correlation with yield and significant negative correlation with N. Generally, N use efficiencies are low in tobacco. Solving this problem only need promoting long-term management strategies
Application of Lotka’s Law and i10-Index with the Number of Authors of Articles in Chemistry in Iran Published between 2000 and 2020
No full textThe primary objective of the current research is to compare Lotka's law of author productivity and the Google Scholar i10-Index with the number of authors and their articles in the field of chemistry in Iran indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2000 to 2020. This study is a descriptive-qualitative type of research that was carried out using the scientometric approach. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all Iranian articles published in the field of chemistry indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded. Some scientometric software packages were used to analyze the data with Lotka’s law and i10-index. The most prolific Iranian authors in chemistry were Mohamadreza Ganjali from the University of Tehran, Majid Heravi from Alzahra University, and Mojtaba Shamsipur from the Razi University of Kermanshah, all being acclaimed scientists in Iran. The results suggest that the validity of Lotka’s law was not confirmed in measuring Iranian authors' productivity in the field of chemistry. However, it is hard to draw a negative conclusion about the validity of Lotka’s law from a single experiment. Moreover, investigating the i10-index revealed that 85% of the Iranian authors with more than one publication have an i10-index. The results also indicated that the validity of Lotka’s law cannot be confirmed, considering the Iranian chemistry papers indexed in the WoS. Furthermore, the results imply that the i10-index closely follows the authors with over one published paper and presents a high capability application in this field as a credible index
Temporal variations of health indicators in Iran comparing with other Eastern Mediterranean Region countries in the last two decades
No full textBackgroundThe recent significant improvement in most health indicators in Iran has not been explored deeply particularly in comparison with other countries in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). We aimed to explore the temporal variations of five main indicators in Iran and compare their variations in EMR countries.MethodsData on DPT vaccination and birth weight were obtained from EMR office reports, and total fertility rate, under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) and adult literacy rate (ALR) were obtained from WHO sources for the time period 1995-2005. Using linear regression, we modeled the temporal variations in Iran and other EMR countries classified by their human development index (HDI) levels.ResultsThe estimated annual decline rate of U5MR in Iran as a middle HDI country was 2.5 per 1000 live birth which was much greater than the corresponding number in countries with medium HDI (1.85) and very close to countries with high HDI (2.67). The WHO data showed that Iran was very successful in increasing ALR.ConclusionIt seems that most health indicators in Iran have improved more rapidly compared with countries with low and medium HDI in EMR. The improvement rates were also very close to countries with high HDI in the region. © The Author 2008, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full text© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Assessments of age-specifc mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Afairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specifc mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in diferent components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4-19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2-59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5-49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1-70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7-54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3-75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5-51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9-88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3-238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6-42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2-5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation: This analysis of age-sex-specifc mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The fndings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which refects signifcant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textAbstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 39% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-4. 6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7.2% (6.0-8.4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7.9% (6 6-9. 2) for males and 6.5% (5.4-7.7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-hatin and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting.Findings Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 39% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-4. 6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7.2% (6.0-8.4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7.9% (6 6-9. 2) for males and 6.5% (5.4-7.7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-hatin and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]).Interpretation Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
