1,721,034 research outputs found
Food Coloring Agents and Plant Food Supplements Derived from Vitis vinifera: A New Source of Human Exposure to Ochratoxin A
Full text linkGrape pomaces are increasingly being used as starting material in the industrial production of plant food supplements (PFS), food coloring, and tartrates, but they are at risk of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. We analyzed 24 commercial PFS and 13 food coloring samples derived from Vitis vinifera, mainly pomaces, using a HPLC−FLD method for OTA determination. OTA was found in 75% of PFS samples and 69% of food coloring samples at levels of <1.16−20.23 μg/kg and <1.16−32.00 μg/kg, respectively. The four commercial leavening agents containing tartrates were found to be negative for OTA. All eight samples collected in two distilleries that use grape pomaces and wine lees to produce tartrates and other byproducts contained OTA at levels of <1.16−240.93 μg/kg. The high incidence of OTA contamination in PFS and food coloring agents derived from V. vinifera suggests that maximum permitted level(s) should be established for this mycotoxin in these products
Isolamento e caratterizzazione di metaboliti di Phomopsis helianthi con attività fitotossica
No full textStudi precedenti ed in particolare prove di patogenicità e analisi sull'estratto colturale dell'isolato F1 di Phomopsis helianthi avevano evidenziato la presenza di due composti, molto simili, solubili in solventi polari (acqua, metanolo, etanolo), insolubili in solventi apolari (cloruro di metilene, cloroformio, acetone), stabili a temperatura ambiente e a pH acido, fotosensibili. Le analisi spettroscopiche hanno confermato che trattasi due diastereoisomeri polichetidici derivati idrossilati della melleina.
Questa è la prima segnalazione sulla capacità di P.helianthi di produrre derivati della melleina
Isolamento di fitotossine da colture di Phomopsis helianthi
No full textQuattro isolati di Phomopsis helianthi, reperiti da piante infette in Francia (F1 e F2) e in Italia (I1 e I2) e dotati di un diverso grado di patogenicità sono stati messi in coltura su substrati artificiali per valutarne la capacità di produzione di fomozina (il cui standard non è reperibile in commercio) e/o di metaboliti secondari a questa correlati. L'isolato francese F1 di P.helianthi è risultato più fitotossico rispetto agli altri e capace di provocare necrosi e clorosi su foglie e su piantine di girasole. Dall'estratto colturale dell'isolato, allevato su riso, sono stati recuperati due composti che, analizzati tramite HPLC e spettro di massa sono risultati molto simili tra loro, probabilmente due isomeri, diversi comunque dalla fomozina
Toxicity of some Fusarium section Sporotrichiella strains in relation to mycotoxin production
No full textIdentification of bioactive metabolites produced by Trichoderma strains antagonistics towards phytopathogenic fungi
No full textMiscele eutettiche come solventi biocompatibili a basso impatto ambientale per l’estrazione e la determinazione di metaboliti secondari fungini in matrici alimentari
No full textnon previst
Testing a toolbox for impact assessment of food safety regulations: maximum levels for T-2 and HT-2 toxins in the European Union
No full textIntroduction The aim of socio-economic research in the MoniQA Network of Excellence is to develop a toolbox to support impact assessment of proposed food safety regulatory changes. Objectives The scope of this contribution is to present an initial version of such a toolbox with its application to a case study, which concerns a proposal on setting maximum levels of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals and cereal products. A regulatory proposal of ‘strict’ maximum limits is compared with two alternative options: the ‘do nothing’ option and the ‘soft’ regulatory option. Methods The proposed toolbox involves a preliminary qualitative assessment of the likely impacts of each of the policy options considered, with a coding/scoring procedure, in order to identify the greatest impacts. A feasibility filter subsequently considers the availability of data necessary for impact quantification. The subsequent quantitative assessment is performed with different methodologies for the most important impacts. Finally, a multi-criteria analysis approach – which allows for a combination of qualitative and quantitative measurements – is used to arrive at a ranking of policy options. Results The outcome of this assessment exercise is that the ‘do nothing’ option is clearly the most preferable option, and, between the two regulatory options (options 2 and 3), the setting out of ‘strict’ maximum limits is preferable to ‘soft’ maximum limits. Conclusion This case study shows the potentialities of the toolbox as support to policy makers, which will be improved and tested with additional case studies in the remaining years of the MoniQA Network of Excellence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phenolic compounds activity in controlling Penicillium expansum and patulin accumulation in apples
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