1,721,014 research outputs found
Schooling, gender, and marriage in Guatemala
No full textThe three essays in this dissertation examine issues related to the demographic processes of schooling and marriage using longitudinal data from Guatemala. The first paper investigates the effect of age at entry into primary school on schooling outcomes. Delayed entry is a common problem in Guatemala that is believed to be caused by lack of readiness to start school and by economic constraints faced by families. Results indicate that delayed age at entry is strongly associated with lower schooling attainment and higher probability of repeating grades, even when controlling for socioeconomic background and early childhood malnutrition. The second paper analyzes the effect of school attendance and grade achieved to age on the age at first marriage (or consensual union). Descriptive data show that important gender differences in school attendance emerge during the early teen years: girls\u27 dropout rates peak at a younger age than boys\u27. Results from the survival analysis models indicate that both school attendance and schooling attainment are associated with a lower risk of transitioning to marriage at a young age, and that this association is much stronger for females than for males. The third paper explores the determinants of the two types of marital unions that coexist in Guatemala: consensual unions and legal marriages. Results show that women from wealthier families and men with higher levels of education and with jobs that provide social security are less likely to be in a consensual union. Individuals who profess an evangelical religion are notably less likely to be in a consensual union. Second or higher order unions are more likely to be consensual than first order unions
Rates of HIV and HSV-2 among young people in Machinga, Malawi
Get PDFTo better understand the epidemiological context for the DREAMS programming, Project SOAR analyzed previously collected quantitative cohort data from the Population Council’s Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study (MSAS) to identify the prevalence and incidence of HIV and the herpes simplex virus, commonly referred to as genital herpes. SOAR’s analysis provides a deeper understanding of the changing epidemiological and gendered context of the HIV epidemic in Machinga. The youth cohort data from the MSAS provide accurate estimates of HIV prevalence over time and HIV incidence, thereby filling important data gaps
Characteristics associated with HIV and HSV-2 among adolescents in Malawi
Get PDFThe DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) partnership aims to significantly reduce new HIV infections in adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Malawi and other sub-Saharan African countries. To better understand the epidemiological context for the DREAMS programming, Project SOAR analyzed previously collected quantitative cohort data from the Population Council’s Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study to identify the factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of HIV and the herpes simplex virus, commonly referred to as genital herpes. SOAR’s analysis provides a deeper understanding of the epidemiological and gendered context of the HIV epidemic in Malawi. This brief identifies key findings and recommendations for the project
HIV risk perceptions, the transition to marriage, and divorce in southern Malawi
No full textLittle is known about whether the timing of marriage is used as a strategy to avoid HIV infection among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Analyzing five rounds of longitudinal data from the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Survey, we do not find support for the hypothesis that young women\u27s perceived chances of future HIV infection are associated with the transition to marriage, but we do find evidence that young married women who see themselves as at risk of future infection have a greater likelihood of divorcing than do women who perceive no chance of future infection. We also use individual-level fixed-effects regressions to examine how the transition to marriage affects respondents\u27 expectations of future HIV infection. Respondents are consistently more likely to perceive any chance of future HIV infection in the years following marriage than in the years preceding it. Our findings suggest that young women revise their risk perceptions based on their marital experiences and that divorce may serve as a protective strategy for young married women concerned about their chance of future HIV infection
The effects of school violence on education in Malawi
Get PDFIn response to a global policy effort to increase school enrollment, in 1994 Malawi became one of the first low-income countries to eliminate primary school fees. Since then, Malawi has achieved nearly universal primary enrollment, however enrolling young Malawians in school has not translated into keeping them in school. This policy brief describes the nature and consequences of school violence in rural Malawi—a common experience for both girls and boys. There is little evidence that school violence disrupts schooling as expected, with the exception of sexual violence experienced at school by boys. Violence at home is also common, and may disrupt schooling for both girls and boys. These findings emphasize the need for an integrated view of gender, education, and violence in order to implement effective programs and policies to curb school-related gender-based violence and improve education outcomes for young people in Malawi and around the world
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Education and sexually transmitted infections among Malawian adolescents / Niveau d\u27instruction et infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les adolescent(e)s au Malawi
No full textThe authors estimate the effect of enrollment, grade attainment, and skills on herpes and HIV among Malawian adolescents. Grade attained is significantly associated with lower rates of both sexually transmitted infections among girls, and negatively associated with herpes among boys. Encouraging grade progression in high-prevalence settings could reduce or postpone acquisition of STIs
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