1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Economic returns to education An empirical study from Zimbabwe
No full textThis thesis takes a closer look at the effect of education on the living standards in Zimbabwe. I have used the wealth index constructed by Measure Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to see how education affects wealth. Looking at the relationship using a simple OLS is likely to produce unreliable results due to omitted variables. In order to look at the causal effect, I will reduce these issues by taking advantage of the timing of a post-independence education reform. I will use the strategy of the regression discontinuity design and use whether or not an individual was above or below secondary school age when the reform was implemented as an instrument for education level. I find the education reform to have a significant and large effect on school attendance. Furthermore, for the population en masse I find a positive effect of education on wealth. Looking at the heterogeneous effects among different subgroups of the population, I find that the effect of education on wealth is significantly stronger for the rural and the rural female population than for the population en masse. For the female and the urban population I do not find a significant increase in wealth due to education. Surprisingly, I find suggestive result of a negative effect of education on wealth for the rural female population. I go on to look at employment variables to try to detect possible mechanism behind the results. For the population as a whole I find a positive effect of education on the probability of being employed. Looking at the type of employment I find education to increase the probability of formal employment in the sense of getting paid in cash. This effect is stronger for females then for men. However, I find education to increase the probability of working on own land which is associated with informal employment and lower wealth. I also fail to find an effect on the probability of being self-employed. It is important to note that I, for wealth, did not find statistically significant differences between the 2SLS and OLS estimates, and therefore chose to interpret the OLS estimates as being causal. The positive effects on wealth and employment are in line with previous conducted research from similar developing country contexts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Gender or class – What determines voting? Lessons from expanding the suffrage in early 1900s Norway
Get PDFPrevious literature has found that extending the suffrage to both females and poorer voters increases
the supply of public goods. This paper investigates whether the difference in voting between men
and women can be explained by differences in income alone, or if there exist gender specific
differences in preferences. I exploit two key features of the expansion of suffrage in municipality
elections in early 20th century Norway. First, the time at which people gained the right to vote
depended on both their gender and their household income. Second, the income threshold for
suffrage was set nationally, creating variation across municipalities in the share of new voters
following each extension of the suffrage. This variation allows me to estimate separate effects for the
change in supply of health personnel following the extension of suffrage to poor men, rich women,
and poor women, respectively. I find that the enfranchisement of both poor men and rich women
increases the supply of doctors relative to when only rich men had the right to vote. These results are
consistent with gender specific preferences for health services to the community
The wealth of a young nation: On voting rights, financing plights, and long-run wealth inequality in Norway
No full textSiden Norge ble uavhengig fra Danmark i 1814 har landet gjennomgått store endringer, både økonomisk og politisk. Kvantitative analyser av enkelthendelser, samt tidsserier for ulike økonomiske størrelser, kan bidra til å forstå denne utviklingen bedre. Tilgang på god data har vært en av hovedutfordringene for slike analyser, men de siste årene er det blitt lettere å gjøre gamle datakilder tilgjengelig for moderne analyser. Denne avhandlingen analyserer to enkelthendelser i det norske demokratiets utvikling og sammenstiller en sammenlignbar tidsserie for ulikhet i formue i Norge.
I 1814 var Norge et fattig land som ikke hadde hatt en egen statsadministrasjon på over 300 år. Ser vi på verden i dag, er fattige og nyetablerte nasjoner gjerne dårlig styrt. I fravær av velfungerende institusjoner kan politikere favorisere seg selv og sine egne. For å se om politikerne i det nye Norge favoriserte seg selv og sine velgere, har en av artiklene i avhandlingen brukt en av de første store skattene som ble innført i det nye Norge. Måten skattebyrden skulle fordeles på gjorde det mulig for politikerne å skjerme dem de måtte ønske fra beskatning - selv om loven om skatten fastslo at den skulle utlignes etter formue. Resultatene viser at det ikke er mulig å indentifisere at politikerne benyttet seg av muligheten til å favorisere seg selv eller sine velgere.
Frem til begynnelsen av 1900-tallet var det kun rike menn som hadde stemmerett i norske valg. I et demokrati vil hvem som har, og hvem som bruker stemmeretten, være avgjørende for hvilken politikk som blir gjennomført. En av artiklene i avhandlingen analyserer hvorvidt utvidelsen av stemmerett i kommunevalgene på begynnelsen av 1900-tallet bidro til utbyggingen av det offentlige helsevesenet som tok sted samtidig. Resultatene viser at de nye befolkningsgruppene med stemmerett kan forklare noe av satsingen på et bedre offentlig helsevesen. Kjønn og husholdningsinntekt var med å bestemme i hvilket årstall ulike deler av befolkningen i Norge fikk stemmerett. Dette gjør det mulig å se på hvilke endringer som skyldes ulike preferanser fra fattige og rike, kvinner og menn. Analysen viser at rike kvinner, i større grad enn rike menn, foretrekker et høyere tilbud av offentlig leger - selv om det også er tilgang på private leger. Det ser også ut til at fattige menn fortrekker et bedre offentlig tilbud enn rike menn.
For å kunne se på utviklingen for ulike økonomiske størrelser over tid, er det nødvendig med serier av tall med lik definisjon for en lengre tidsperiode. I tillegg til å beskrive utviklingen over tid, er slike tidsserier nødvendige både for å forstå utviklingen og å kunne se hvordan enkelthendelser påvirker den økonomiske utviklingen. Det er vanskelig å finne pålitelige kilder tilbake i tid, samt å gjøre tall fra ulike tidsperioder med ulike definisjoner sammenlignbare. Dette gjør det utfordrende å sammenstille slike serier for lengre tidsperioder. Den siste artikkelen i avhandlingen sammenstiller en sammenlignbar serie for ulikhet i formue i Norge fra begynnelsen av 1900-tallet og frem til i dag. Nivået på formuesulikhet varier, avhengig av hvilken informasjon som inkluderes i begrepet formue. Utviklingen over tid er derimot lik, uavhengig av hvilken informasjon som inkluderes; ulikheten var høy på begynnelsen av forrige århundre, før den sank i etterkrigstiden og igjen har økt fra 1980-tallet
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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