1,720,958 research outputs found
Human impact on the headwater environment in the Uporoto Highlands, Tanzania
No full textHeadwater catchments are often perceived to be remote and peripheral, and are
therefore neglected, least developed and economically backward. However,
changes in headwater regions have repercussions far beyond their borders. The
Uporoto highlands in Mbeya region form the headwater region for the Ruaha
River and Kiwira River drainage systems that are of great significance to
Tanzania. Village settlements development, population growth, and poor land
management along the water divide have contributed to gully erosion that is a
potential hazard. Using a case of Igoma, the largest village settlement in the
region, this paper establishes the link between settlement growth and
degradation of headwater catchments. It discusses the opportunities and
hazards of the gullies to the local communities. The paper further draws lessons
for rural settlement development, and gives recommendations for minimizing
the negative impacts of degradation of the headwater environment. Lastly, it
creates awareness on the apparently neglected potential environmental
hazards in the Uporoto Highlands
Human impact on the headwater environment in the Uporoto Highlands, Tanzania
No full textHeadwater catchments are often perceived to be remote and peripheral, and are
therefore neglected, least developed and economically backward. However,
changes in headwater regions have repercussions far beyond their borders. The
Uporoto highlands in Mbeya region form the headwater region for the Ruaha
River and Kiwira River drainage systems that are of great significance to
Tanzania. Village settlements development, population growth, and poor land
management along the water divide have contributed to gully erosion that is a
potential hazard. Using a case of Igoma, the largest village settlement in the
region, this paper establishes the link between settlement growth and
degradation of headwater catchments. It discusses the opportunities and
hazards of the gullies to the local communities. The paper further draws lessons
for rural settlement development, and gives recommendations for minimizing
the negative impacts of degradation of the headwater environment. Lastly, it
creates awareness on the apparently neglected potential environmental
hazards in the Uporoto Highlands
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Land use change patterns and root causes on the southern slopes of Mountain Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
No full textThis study was undertaken as part of the project on land use change analysis as an approach for investigating biodiversity loss and land degradation, being implemented in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. A case study approach was adopted for the entire project to facilitate comparison of geographically different but analytically similar land use situations, taking into consideration the complex linkage and interactions between society and environment, reflecting the economic, social and political processes and the physical environment. The objective was to analyse the patterns and trends in land use change and to identify the root causes of land use change leading to changes in biodiversity and land degradation. Mount Kilimanjaro (Plate 1), specifically the southern and south-eastern slopes of the mountain, was selected as the case study site for Tanzania because of the extensive land use changes that have occurred there, particularly on the southern slopes since the 1900s. This paper describes the patterns of land use change and analyses the root causes or driving forces that underlie the changes in land use
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
