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Indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation among Tanzanian smallholder farmers: a systematic review
No full textJournal ArticleThis study investigates the use of Indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. It adheres to the PRISM (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The study includes 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2004 and 2023. The findings show that Indigenous knowledge is acquired from various sources, including per- sonal experience, parents, friends and community members. Elders are key custodians of Indigenous I‹nowI- edge. Smallholder farmers employ various techniques to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change, including mixed farming practices, crop diversification, the use of traditional water dams, prayer and cultural rituals, participating in non-farming activities, entrepreneurship and the use of locally made pes- ticides. The findings imply that Indigenous I‹nowIedge has the potential to solve contextual-based problems. This review recommends further research to document Indigenous knowledge of climate change adaptation across all regions and ethnic groups in Tanzania
Using open access institutional repository policy to improve content in four Tanzanian public universities
Full text linkArticleRationale of Study – This study investigated how OAIR policy can be used to improve OAIR contents. Specifically, the study sought to determine the level of awareness of the OAIR policy among academic staff members in the selected universities, examine the use of OAIR policy in the collection of OAIR contents in the selected universities, and find out how the OAIR policy can be used to improve the growth of OAIR content.
Methodology – Systematic random and purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain the study sample. The sample size included 413 academic staff and eight key informants. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from a structured questionnaire, interview and secondary data. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 22 and content analysis.
Findings – Key findings revealed that 46.2 per cent of the respondents were aware of the OAIR policy. The findings also revealed that 45.5 per cent indicated that OAIR policy directs them to submit their scholarly publications in OAIRs and also specify the types of content to be held in OAIRs.
Implications – Therefore, the study concluded that OAIRs policy forms the vital components that have a positive influence on the growth of content in OAIRs without a policy, OAIRs may remain virtually empty. Therefore, creating awareness of OAIR policy and emphasizing more in the area of submission of content would enhance the growth of OAIR content.
Originality – This is an original study on how OAIR policy can be used to improve OAIR contents in four public universities in Tanzania
The influence of social networks usage on the parent- child relationship: a case of Mazimbu ward in Morogoro municipality
Full text linkA journal articleThis study aimed to explore the impact of social network usage on parent-child relationships at Mazimbu Ward in Morogoro Municipality. A cross-sectional research design was employed, with a sample of 60 parents selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, revealing both positive and negative effects of social network usage on parent-child relationships. Negative effects included reduced interaction time, missed connections, and conflicts arising from disagreements or jealousy. However, positive outcomes were observed, such as children reporting their progress to parents and teachers using social media for attendance tracking and communication with parents. To mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive aspects, the study recommends comprehensive training for both children and parents in social network usage and improved monitoring of children's online activities
Assessment of the status of mangrove vegetation and their degradation in Rufiji delta in Tanzania
No full textMangroves are among the most degraded ecosystems in the World. This study
focused on assessment of the status of mangroves and their degradation in Rufiji Delta. It was guided by the following objectives: to determine the types of use of mangrove resources in Rufiji Delta, estimate the extent of mangroves cover degradation, identify the factors causing mangrove resources degradation and investigate coping strategies of local communities for management of mangrove resources in the study area.
Remote sensing was used for land cover change detection, and Landsat images data of
2000 and 2011 were analysed. Findings indicated that the bareland increased by 7412.8 ha (2.62%), Rhizophora dominant improved by 3076.47 ha (1.09%), Sonneratia almost pure stands enhanced by 1998 ha (0.71%), Sonneratia dominant amplifies by 129.06 ha (0.05%), Heritiera almost pure stands increased by 900.45 ha (0.32%), and Heritiera dominant added 3872.1 ha (1.37%) between 2000 and 2011. Whereas, Avicennia dominant decreased by -1962.9 ha (-0.69%), Avicennia almost pure stands reduced by -1681.83 ha (-0.59%), mixture of Avicennia and Ceriops degraded by -15222.8 ha (-5.38%), and Ceriops dominant dropped by -2302.56 ha (-0.81%) within this period of time. Pressures on mangroves in the Rufiji Delta are mostly human-induced , and it was inferred that direct causes of mangrove resources degradation include tree felling for firewood and building materials(poles and timber), clearance of mangrove areas for agriculture (rice farming), solar salt works, and human settlement (population increase). Other causes include reduction in fresh water flow (both surface and groundwater), flooding, storms, and heavy or increased sedimentation. To reduce mangrove resources loss in the Rufiji Delta, it is important to focus not only on the management aspect but also to provide more economic alternatives and opportunities to the local communities that will discourage them from over-utilisation of University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh xvi these resources. In addition, stakeholders (NGOs) should organise more progrmmes on awareness-raising for the people of Rufiji Delta with respect to sustainable use of mangrove vegetation. Further training programmes for various stakeholders especially the local community to address on sustainable mangrove vegetation use and the current widespread mangrove degradation should be implemented
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs’ Roles in Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative
No full textThis paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy
processes related to Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four
countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Based on documents and interviews, NGO
involvement is mapped using a conceptual framework to categorise and compare different roles
and modes of engagement. NGOs have co-operated with government in policy design and
implementation, albeit to varying degrees, in all four countries, but expressed relatively little public
criticism. Funding seems to have an influence on NGOs’ choices regarding whether, what, when,
and how to criticise. However, limited public criticism does not necessarily mean that the NGOs
are co-opted. They are reflexive regarding their possible operating space, and act strategically and
pragmatically to pursue their goals in an entrepreneurial manner. The interests of NGOs and NICFI
are to a large extent congruent. Instead of publicly criticising a global initiative that they largely
support, and thus put the initiative as a whole at risk, NGOs may use other, more informal, channels to
voice points of disagreement. While NGOs do indeed run the risk of being co-opted, their opportunity
to resist this fate is probably greater in this instance than is usually the case because NICFI are so
reliant on their services
Guidelines for integrating climate change adaptation into national sectoral policies, plans and programmes of Tanzania
No full textClimate change is a global problem posing challenges to the survival of mankind and sustainable development. It poses a serious risk to poverty reduction efforts and threatens to undo decades of development efforts. The impacts of climate change are
and will continue to be more pronounced in poor countries. Severe impacts such as floods, frequent and prolonged droughts, reduced water supply, decline in crop yields,increased vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, rising sea level leading to displacement of people and disruption of both terrestrial and marine ecosystems as well as other important natural habitats, are already experienced at various magnitudes. While climate change has global impacts, poor countries and communities are the most vulnerable because of their high dependence on natural resources that are directly impacted by climate change. They have limited adaptive capacity and in some cases their geographical location contributes to their vulnerability. These are the same countries struggling to deal with poverty and environmental degradation, desertification and waste management challenges. In Tanzania, the impacts of global warming which is one of the major Climate change
symptoms in terms of increased average global temperature; are already evident in
almost all sectors of the economy and throughout the country. Given that Tanzania’s economic base is dependent on the climate sensitive natural resources, this makes the country highly vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change. Some examples of such impacts include: severe and recurring droughts in recent years which have triggered economically devastating power crisis and massive deaths of livestock; severe floods in areas like those happened in Dar es salaam in December 2011, leaving thousands of people displaced; inundation of small islands and intrusion of sea water into fresh water systems in coastal areas of Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar; prolonged droughts in some parts of the country leading to food insecurity. Thus the loss of human, natural, financial, social and physical capital, due to climate change impacts,pose a challenge to the national efforts to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and places poverty reduction efforts in jeopardy. Cognizant of the continued challenges and impacts of climate change, the Government has put in place a number of initiatives. Some of these include the enactment of the Environmental Management Act (Cap. 191) which provides for addressing climate change in a legal basis, development and implementation of the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA),formulation of MKUKUTA II and the National climate change Adaptation Action Plan. In addition, the Government is finalizing the National Climate Change Strategy. There are also various sectoral initiatives that aim at addressing the impacts of climate change and strengthening the resilience of communities. In order to strengthen the national adaptive capacity to effectively manage the impacts of climate change, integrating climate change adaptation issues into the sectoral policies, plans and programmes is absolutely crucial. Climate change resilient policies iii and measures will enable the country to tackle climate change impacts in a more concerted manner. It is against this background, the Vice President’s Office has developed these Guidelines with a purpose of providing practical guidance on how Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and Non State Actors should integrate climate change adaptation into sectoral policies, plans and programmes.
It is my sincere hope that these Guidelines will be very useful in integrating climate
change adaptation issues in respective sectoral policies, plans and programmes. I urge
you to use these Guidelines in undertaking the Climate Change integration activities in
order to make our development policies and measures climate resilient.The Government of Japan and United Nation Development Programme country offic
Climate change adaptation information toolkit for farming communities in Tanzania
No full textAvailable in print and electronic formatClimate change is happening and will continue to be the real challenge for mankind
survival and sustainable development. The impacts associated with climate change are
already experienced in many systems and sectors essential for human livelihood in the
most vulnerable communities. On the other hand, the impacts of climate change pose a
direct threat to people‘s survival and different ecosystems, particularly in developing
countries. It is expected that the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events will
increase causing severe socio-economic consequences particularly to the least
developing countries due to low adaptive capacity. In Tanzania, we have witnessed
incidences of severe and recurrent droughts hitting many parts of our country leading to
food insecurity, massive deaths of livestock, dwindling of water resources and
destruction of human settlements and infrastructure due to floods. All of these had
consequences to communities retarding their efforts to alleviate poverty. Farming
communities are among the vulnerable groups that have been suffering seriously as a
result of climate change due to the fact that their activities are climate sensitive.
In this regard, adaptation to the impacts of climate change is absolutely important in
order to enable the farming communities to cope with the changing climate. Appropriate
adaptation measures are important in strengthening the resilience of these communities
in their local setting. For this to be effective, it is therefore imperative that communities
are assisted with information that will enable them to understand climate change, its associated impacts and measures which can be employed in addressing the impacts of
climate change through participatory climate change adaptation planning approach.
Cognizant of the fact that information on climate change is of paramount importance in
assisting farmers to plan for adaptation actions, the Vice President’s Office in
consultation with stakeholders prepared this climate change adaptation information
toolkit for farming communities in Tanzania. The toolkit is the first resource to the
farming communities for the purpose of learning about what climate change is, what are
the expected impacts to farming communities, and more importantly, it provides some
preliminary ideas on options for adaptation that farming communities can apply to start
dealing with the threats of climate change. It is a starting point for developing targeted
information and resource materials to farming communities. Generally,this toolkit
provides basic understanding on climate change, how it affects farming communities
and equips them with ideas or tools to address climate change impacts. It is designed
in the form of a resource book that will be made available directly to local farming
communities,Extension Officers as well as other experts.
It is my sincere hope that you will find this Toolkit useful to guide adaptation awareness,
planning, management and implementation of climate change adaptation measures for
the farming communities. I urge you to use this Toolkit in undertaking planning,
management and implementation of climate change adaptation actions, as it will
contribute towards improving people’s livelihood and sustainable development in the
country.Government of Japan and United Nations Development Programmes country offic
A Case Study
No full textThis study seeks to understand key aspects of vulnerability of the urban poor in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, how climate impacts upon this vulnerability, and to determine how forward- looking policies and programs can be developed that reduce the vulnerability of the poor, taking both current and expected future climate into account. Over 70 percent of the city’s four million residents live in informal, unplanned settlements that lack adequate infrastructure and services, and over half of them survive on roughly a dollar per day. With a population growth rate of about 8 percent per year, Dar es Salaam is one of the fastest - growing cities in sub - Saharan Africa. City and municipal authorities face significant challenges with respect to providing new or even maintaining existing infrastructure and services
Tanzania environment and climate change policy brief
No full textThis environment and climate change policy brief aims to summarize the main environment challenges, constraints and opportunities related to poverty reduction and economic development for Tanzania and Swedish government thematic priority environment and climate which includes four focus areas; (i) climate change adaptation (ii) energy (iii) environment and security and, (iv) water. The concept environment is seen in a broad sense, including i,a, ecosystem services, climate change, and disaster risk reduction. The policy brief is serving as an input to the Swedish Poverty and Development Assessment (PDA) process for Tanzania, which in turn will provide the point of departure for the upcoming Swedish Cooperation Strategy for Tanzani