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Neuromorphological correlates of the methylation of the ocytoxin receptor gene (OXTR) in the context of parental bonding
No full textBei der Suche nach den multimodalen Ursachen psychiatrischer Erkrankungen gewinnt die Epigenetik neben den bekannten genetischen und umweltbedingten Risikofaktoren
zunehmend an Bedeutung, insbesondere als mögliche Verbindung letzterer. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt dem Oxytocinrezeptorgen (OXTR) als Baustein des
Oxytocinsystems eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da dieses essentiell an der Interpretation sozialer Stimuli, sowie dem Aufbau zwischenmenschlicher Bindungen
beteiligt ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Korrelationen zwischen der Methylierung des OXTR und hirnmorphologischen Veränderungen aufzudecken. Zudem sollte der
Einfluss der elterlichen Bindung auf die kindliche Entwicklung miteinbezogen werden, um ein vollständigeres Erklärungsmodell erstellen zu können, wie epigenetische
Veränderungen auftreten können, und welche langfristigen Folgen sie haben. Im Rahmen der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 62 Probandinnen der FOR2107
„Marburg-Münster Affective Disorders Cohort Study“ (MACS) zu einem Hochrisikosample für die Entwicklung einer psychiatrischen Erkrankung
zusammengefasst. Methylierungswerte für insgesamt 18 CpG-Sites wurden mithilfe des Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip erhoben, und nach ausführlicher
Literaturrecherche wurden 3 Kandidaten-CpG-Sites zur weiteren Analyse ausgewählt. Weiterhin bildeten wir aus der Gesamtzahl der analysierten CpGs 3 Faktoren, um
zusätzlich eine genweite Analyse zu ermöglichen. Mittels MR-Bildgebung erhoben wir T1-gewichtete sowie Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging-Bilddaten (DTI) aller Probandinnen. Zur
Bestimmung der elterlichen Bindungsstile wurde der Fragebogen zur elterlichen Bindung (FEB, übersetzte Version des „Parental Bonding Instrument“, PBI) verwendet.
Die Analysen der T1-gewichteten Bilddaten hinsichtlich der Dicke grauer Substanz (voxelbasierte Morphometrie, VBM) und der Cortexgyrifizierung erfolgten mittels der
CAT12 Toolbox in SPM12. Die Auswertung der DTI-Bilddaten erfolgte mittels Tract�Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) in der FMRIB Software Library (FSL 5.0.7).
Es zeigten sich eine Abnahme des Cortexvolumens im Bereich des Gyrus temporalis superior (STG), sowie eine verminderte Gyrifizierung im Bereich der Insula in Korrelation
zu einer vermehrten Methylierung des OXTR. Weiterhin zeigten sich mehrere negative Korrelationen zwischen der Methylierung des OXTR und der Integrität der Faserbahnen
weißer Substanz, insbesondere im Bereich des Fasciculus longitudinalis superior und inferior (S/ILF), sowie dem Fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior (IFOF). Auch im Hinblick
auf die elterliche Bindung zeigten sich Korrelationen mit der OXTR-Methylierung, u.a. im Hinblick auf die subjektiv wahrgenommene Fürsorge durch die Mutter.
Im Kontext der bisherigen Forschung untermauern die Ergebnisse der hier vorliegenden Arbeit die Hypothese, dass sich die elterlichen Beziehungen eines Individuums
langfristig in epigenetischen Veränderungen niederschlagen können, und dass das OXT-System hierfür ein plausibler Kandidat ist. Weiterhin erhärten sich die Hinweise
dafür, dass diese epigenetischen Veränderungen, entgegen ihrem veränderlichen Grundcharakter, womöglich langfristig unveränderliche Folgen haben, indem sie sich in
hirnmorphologischen Korrelaten niederschlagen, die auch im Rahmen verschiedener psychiatrischer Erkrankungen nachgewiesen worden sind.
Die Korrelation von epigenetischen Veränderungen und hirnmorphologischen Korrelaten (insbesondere im Hinblick auf Gyrifizierungsanalysen und die Integrität von
Faserbahnen weißer Substanz) ist in der bisherigen Forschung bisher ein unterrepräsentierter Aspekt. Weitere Arbeiten zu diesem Thema mit größeren
Fallzahlen, und ggf. enger definierter Regions of Interest (ROI) sind zweifelsohne notwendig.Epigenetic factors have gained considerable traction alongside genetic and environmental risk factors in recent studies researching the etiology of psychoses, especially since epigenetics promises to be a link between the other. In this context the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is deemed to be a key element in the development of attachments throughout live, both in interpreting social cues and maintaining
interpersonal bonds. Both of which are known to be impeded by psychoses. In this thesis we aimed to uncover correlations between OXTR-methylation and morphological
alterations of the brain. Furthermore, the impact of parental bonding of participants was to be assessed by analyzing said bonds and thereby creating a thorough model of the
mechanisms that lead from disturbed parental bonding, via epigenetic alteration to morphological correlates. We recruited 62 healthy candidates from the FOR2107 „Marburg-Münster Affective
Disorders Cohort Study“ (MACS) into a high-risk sample and gained epigenetic factors from whole blood via the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. In total, 18 CpG�Sites were analyzed, of which - after extensive research - 3 were chosen to be further explored. Furthermore, factor analysis was used to combine the original CpG-Sites into factors; in doing so, a gene-wide approach was also made possible. MR-images of all candidates were acquired for voxel-based morphometrics (VBM, using CAT12 in SPM12), gyrification-analysis (also using CAT12 in SPM12) and diffusion tensor imaging
(DTI, using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) in FMRIB Software Library (FSL 5.0.7)). Parental bonding was assessed via the German version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI)
Correlating to increased methylation of single CpGs we found a significant reduction in the cortical grey matter of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) as well as reduced
gyrification of the insula. In case of our DTI-analyses we found reduced integrity of cerebral white matter in many fasciculi, including the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (S/ILF), as well as the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). Regarding parental bonding, increased methylation-values of both factors and single CpGs correlated with axes of the PBI, among others regarding maternal care.
In summary, our findings further substantiate the hypothesis of early childhood bonding affecting brain structure via epigenetic modification, and that especially the OXTR is a
prime candidate for this connection. Variations in the cerebral structures we found to correlate with these epigenetic modifications had already been linked with many cases
of psychoses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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