59,755 research outputs found
The Big Toe
No full textBobby McMillon tells the story of The Big Toe in the Hutchins Library-Indiana University Folktale Workshop on 7/18/2003
Toe-in gait reduces the knee adduction moment.
No full text(A) The external moment about the knee is computed using the ground reaction force and lever arm from the knee joint center. Toe-in gait shifts the knee joint center medially and the foot center of pressure laterally in the first half of stance, reducing the KAM. Group average data [18] illustrate how (B) toe-in gait shortens the lever arm and (C) reduces the KAM. Ground reaction force magnitude (not shown in the figure) does not change.</p
Simulations of rockfall impacts on trees
No full textThis dataset brings together all the simulation results of rock impacts on trees carried out from the model developed by D. Toe on the platform Yade-Dem.
These data are integrated into PlatRock 2D and 3D as part of the improvement of the forest integration in the models of rockfalls trajectographic simulation.
This dataset only contains the simulation results. Associated python scripts are available hereCe jeu de données rassemble l'ensemble des résultats de simulation d'impacts d'un bloc rocheux sur des arbres effectués à partir du modèle développé par D. Toe sur la plateforme Yade-Dem.
Ces données sont intégrées dans PlatRock 2D et 3D dans le cadre de l'amélioration de la prise en compte de la forêt dans les modèles de simulation trajectographiques de chutes de blocs rocheux.
Ce jeu de données contient uniquement les résultats de simulation. Les scripts associés sont disponibles ici</p
Toe-out landing reduces anterior talofibular ligament strain while maintains calcaneofibular ligament strain in people with chronic ankle instability
No full textBackground: The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain (LAS), especially in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). This study aims to determine whether landing with a larger toe-out angle would influence the ATFL and CFL strains in people with CAI, aiming to contribute to the development of effective landing strategies to reduce LAS risk.Methods: Thirty participants with CAI (22 males and 8 females, age: 21.6 ± 1.5 years, height: 175.3 ± 7.1 cm, body mass: 70.8 ± 7.1 kg) were recruited. Each participant landed on a specialized trap-door device, with their unaffected limbs on a support platform and their affected limbs on a moveable platform, which could be flipped 24° inward and 15° forward to mimic LAS condition. Two landing conditions were tested, i.e., natural landing (NL, with natural toe-out angle at landing) and toe-out landing (TL, with increased toe-out angle to over 150% of that under the NL conditions). Kinematic data were captured using a twelve-camera motion analysis system, and the ATFL and CFL strains were calculated using a three-dimensional rigid-body foot model. Paired sample t-tests and Pearson's correlations were used to analyze data.Results: Compared to NL conditions, the ATFL strain decreased (p Conclusion: Toe-out landing may reduce the ATFL strain while maintaining the CFL strain in people with CAI, thereby reducing the risk of LAS.</p
Bilateral Metacarpal Hands: Reconstruction With 6 Toe Transfers
No full textBackground: Bilateral metacarpal hand injuries are extremely rare, but probably represent the most difficult reconstructive challenge in hand surgery. Methods: We discuss the various options for metacarpal hand reconstruction, including the Krukenberg procedure, bionic prostheses, multiple toe-to-hand transfers, and possibly hand transplantation, and present the long-term functional outcomes, gait analysis, and psychological evaluation after a 4-stage reconstruction of bilateral metacarpal hands in a child using 6 toe-to-hand transfers—bilateral great toe transfers to reconstruct both thumbs and bilateral combined second-third monobloc transfers to reconstruct 2 fingers in each hand. Results: Reconstruction of bilateral metacarpal hands with 6 toe transfers yielded excellent functional results and patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Bilateral metacarpal hand injuries result in a devastating functional deficit and a major psychological impact. Multiple toe transfers (4, 5, or 6) provide an excellent reconstructive outcome with acceptable donor site morbidity.No Full Tex
Toe-tourniquet syndrome: A rare potentially devastating entity
No full textToe-tourniquet syndrome is a rare and commonly misdiagnosed condition caused by a hair or a fiber wrapped around digits (fingers and toes). A four months baby girl who was crying and presented with redness and swelling at her 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot. Child had red and swollen 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot with hair end protruding through wounds. Constricting hairs were cut and removed. Toetourniquet syndrome is a rare entity which is caused by hair wrapped around a toe or a digit. Diagnosis is mostly clinical. In order to prevent this condition to happen, education of parents and clinicians is a cornerstone
Conservative treatment of grade II turf toe: literature review and case report on professional soccer player
No full textopenLa ricerca è nata dall’osservazione di un caso di turf toe di II grado in un calciatore professionista.
Il turf toe è una lesione dell’apparato capsulo-legamentoso plantare della prima articolazione metatarso-falangea (I MTF); il II grado corrisponde ad una lesione parziale. Attualmente, non esistono linee guida di trattamento standardizzate in base al grado di lesione.
L’obiettivo dello studio è stabilire se il trattamento conservativo sia efficace per garantire il ritorno all’attività sportiva agli atleti con turf toe di II grado, in base agli esiti del trattamento del caso osservato e a quanto presente in letteratura sull’argomento.
Sono state condotte, in parallelo, una revisione bibliografica della letteratura e la stesura del case report osservazionale. La revisione ha analizzato 32 articoli inerenti al trattamento conservativo del turf toe ed il Return To Play (RTP) in seguito a tale infortunio, ottenuti tramite una ricerca condotta sui portali Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane Library e GalileoDiscovery, I dati sono stati organizzati per stabilire se il trattamento conservativo sia efficace per il turf toe di II grado. Il case report osservazionale descrive il trattamento proposto dallo staff sanitario e tecnico per la gestione del caso del calciatore, riportando i dati dalla diagnosi al rientro in campo. L’esito atteso era il RTP, passando per un miglioramento delle condizioni del distretto infortunato: a fini valutativi sono stati usati AOFAS Hallux score, test di instabilità della I MTF (Lachman e stress in varo-valgo), test della forza muscolare secondo scala MRC. Il trattamento ha compreso terapie fisiche, linfodrenaggio, taping, esercizi specifici per l’alluce, training globale, uso di appositi inserti per calzature, infiltrazione con plasma ricco di piastrine.
In letteratura, la maggior parte degli studi considera il trattamento conservativo efficace, con un RTP in almeno 2 settimane, ma più spesso in 6-10; vi sono, tuttavia, dei casi che ne testimoniano il fallimento. La gestione conservativa si è rivelata efficace nel caso del calciatore, che è tornato a giocare senza necessità di sottoporsi a chirurgia dopo 10 settimane di trattamento e 12 settimane dalla lesione.
I dati disponibili in letteratura suggeriscono che il trattamento conservativo sia generalmente efficace per la gestione del turf toe di II grado, e l’intervento chirurgico viene indicato solo in condizioni particolari. Bisogna, tuttavia, specificare la carenza di studi sull’argomento. Riguardo al caso del calciatore, il trattamento conservativo si è dimostrato efficace; tuttavia, non è possibile stabilire la rilevanza terapeutica assunta dai singoli strumenti impiegati. Nel complesso, le tempistiche del recupero sono in linea rispetto a quelle di altri casi simili descritti in letteratura, nonostante le differenze nel trattamento; questo fa presumere che, al di là della sintomatologia, vi siano dei tempi fisiologici da rispettare per garantire la guarigione dei tessuti ed il pieno recupero.
Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti, l’ipotesi originaria alla base del lavoro di tesi, ovvero che il trattamento conservativo sia efficace per il turf toe di II grado, non può essere falsificata, ma nemmeno completamente verificata.
Saranno necessari ulteriori studi per definire con maggior accuratezza l’efficacia della terapia conservativa, stabilire delle linee guida di trattamento basate sul tipo di lesione e sullo sport praticato dall’atleta, e dei criteri per regolare il processo riabilitativo. Saranno necessari degli studi anche per comprendere se ed in quale misura l’infortunio ed il trattamento proposto (conservativo o chirurgico) possano influenzare la performance sportiva
Risk management in sustainable smart cities governance: A TOE framework
No full textSustainable smart cities are confronted by technological, organisational and external risks, making their governance difficult and susceptible to manipulation. Based on a comprehensive literature review of 796 sys-tematically retrieved articles, the current study proposes a multilayered technology-organisation-environment (TOE-based) risk management framework for sustainable smart city governance. A total of 56 risks are identi-fied and grouped into TOE categories. There are 17 technological risks, including IoT networks, public internet management and user safety concerns, with a 38.7% contribution to smart city governance risks. With a 15.6% share, there are 11 organisational risks, including user data security and cloud management. There are 28 external risks with a contribution of 46.7% to the smart city governance and consist of smart city’s environment, governance, integration and security risks. A multilayered TOE-based risk management framework is proposed to identify and manage the risks associated with smart city governance in the current study. The framework links smart citizens to each other through the smart city governance team and the integrated TOE layers. The iterative risk management process of identification, analysis, evaluation, monitoring and response planning is carried out in the TOE layers, both at the external layer levels and internal management levels. The proposed framework operationalises the risk management process for smart city governance by presenting the collection of pertinent risks and their thematic TOE categorisation. The criticality of the identified risks in line with the study’s rankings can help researchers and practitioners understand the top risks of smart city governance. These risks present investment opportunities for city governance bodies to develop critical and effective responses as well as provide safety, security and enhanced privacy for citizens
Toe structures of rubble mound breakwater: Stability in depth limited conditions
No full textThis thesis is about the stability of toe material for rubble mound breakwaters in depth limited conditions. The present equation, Van der Meer 1998, gives results for depth limited conditions but is not validated. The empirical equation is based on physical model tests done by Gerding 1993. The Van der Meer equation implies deep water and breaking waves on the structure slope. For shallow water conditions this assumption is not valid. Waves start breaking at the fore shore slope and toe which results in a different hydrodynamical wave load at the toe. Toe material is exposed to waves and starts behaving as armour rock. The uncertainties, introduced by shallow water situation are investigated in this research. The objective for this thesis is finding a more reliable design equation in this situation. Fore shore slope and wave steepness are considered of influence. The research is done by performing scale model tests in a two dimensional wave flume. The observations from the experiments and the analysis of the performed dataset gave following conclusions: Fore shore slope is strongly influencing toe stability. This is not only valid in shallow water but also in deep water. In shallow water, wave steepness influences toe stability as well. This is not proven for deep water. Very shallow water shows different hydrodynamic behaviour. Wave breaking occurs at the fore shore. The toe structure is attacked by breaking or already broken waves. Although a reduced wave height reaches the toe, damage is larger because the toe is exposed to turbulent wave attack. A new design equation for very shallow water is suggested in which fore shore slope and wave steepness are included. This is an empirical relation, using dimensionless relations like the Hudson stability number and a new damage number in percentages.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
On the toe stability of rubble mound structures
No full textToe design is an important task for coastal engineers as it ensures the stability of the main armor layer and prevents scour in front of the armor slope. Several laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the toe stability using different testing approaches, i.e. damage due to a single test condition and cumulative damage due to a number of conditions. In addition, the methods of measuring and reporting damage to the toe are not the same as some researchers have counted only stones that were washed away from the toe; while others counted all the stones that have been displaced. Several formulas with different levels of success have been developed based on these studies. However, the scatter in the results is large and effects of some parameters are disregarded. The aims of this study are (a) to briefly review the abovementioned differences and exiting formulas, and (b) to develop a and physically sound formula for common design conditions, which considers the effect of all governing parameters. To achieve this, first a comprehensive data base from existing reliable studies was collected. Then nondimensional parameters which capture effects of governing parameters such as wave height, wave period, water depth, toe depth, toe width and foreshore slopes were deployed to develop a stability formula using physical reasoning and regression analysis. The new formula outperforms existing formulae for toe stability. The coefficient of variation of the formula was also determined to be used for probabilistic design applications. Finally, some design hints are provided for practitioners.Full Tex
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