1,720,958 research outputs found
Utrymmen för flerspråkighet : Funktionella aspekter av flerspråkiga låg- och mellanstadielärares språkliga praktiker
Get PDFFramväxande flerspråkiga miljöer, till följd av migration, globalisering och informationsteknik, skapar nya förväntningar och krav på språkkontakt både på samhälls- och individnivå. Grundskolan i Sverige utgör en av flera samhällsarenor i vilken omfattningen av flerspråkig användning, utöver svenska och de språk som undervisas, behöver (om)förhandlas. Studiens syfte är att få ny kunskap om hur flerspråkig användning kan ta sig uttryck i ordinarie låg- och mellanstadieundervisning. Med en etnografisk ansats genomfördes observationer av fyra flerspråkiga lärares undervisnings-praktiker samt intervjusamtal med lärarna. Fokus för analysen är lärarnas praktiserade flerspråkighetspolicy i klassrummet (Bonacina-Pugh 2017). Resultaten visar att de flerspråkiga lärarna skapar ett mellanrum, third space (Bhabha 1994), i vilket flerspråkig användning legitimeras främst för att underlätta elevernas kunskapsinhämtning och språkliga medvetenhet, men även för att skapa känslomässig förståelse och trygghet. Lärarna använder dock sin flerspråkighet i undervisningen i olika grad. Det är framför allt en av lärarna som på ett systematiskt sätt använder sin flerspråkighet i de två olika årskurserna som hon undervisar. Flerspråkig användning visar sig också på flera olika sätt och har olika funktioner. En sådan multifunktionell aspekt av flerspråkig användning öppnar upp möjligheter för att en större del av elevers hela språkliga repertoar kan tillvaratas och utvecklas inom ramen för den ordinarie undervisningen.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
”It is not the case that we speak Swedish exclusively." : Possibilities for multilingual spaces in primary classrooms: A study of the perspective of multilingual teachers
No full textThis dissertation explores and discusses minoritized multilingual teachers’ perspectives on their own multilingualism, and their use of languages other than Swedish, the language of instruction, in regular teaching. Multilingual teachers comprise about 20 percent of the teacher population in Swedish primary schools and the number of pupils who speak minoritized language(s) (that is, languages other than Swedish) is growing. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute new and increased knowledge about possibilities for using minoritized languages in mainstream teaching in primary schools (with pupils ages 7–12). Five multilingual teachers at two different schools with a high proportion of pupils with migrant backgrounds participated in the study. The fieldwork spanned over a six-month period during which I observed lessons and other activities, wrote fieldnotes and conducted interviews with the teachers. Furthermore, I conducted a research-generated activity that included work with language portraits and reflective conversations among teachers. Methodologically, the study is rooted in linguistic ethnography where an analytical focus is on both interaction and the wider social context. The overall theoretical framework is socio-constructivism, which also contributed useful analytical concepts. Article I focused on what and how teachers discursively position their own multilingualism in relation to their teaching, pupils, colleagues and caregivers. In Article II, I focused on the teachers’ practiced language policy. The analysis was based on fieldnotes from observations in class and during the school day. In Article III, I illuminated multilingual teachers’ perspectives on their pupils’ language identity construction through language portraits. The results from the three studies show how minoritized multilingual practices among the teachers and their pupils are (re)negotiated, limited or enabled in an ongoing process meaning that some of the teachers relate to their own multilingual use with ambivalence. The results also show how the teachers construct their multilingualism as a resource, for example, by creating spaces where multilingual use is valued and legitimized, both for subject learning and for a sense of emotional safety, and also in relation to caregivers. Teachers’ reflections thus comprise complex notions of language, linguistic identity and multilingualism, which they interconnect with own experiences and emotional understanding. The thesis aims to contribute to further discussions and research about minoritized multilingualism in (Swedish) primary school contexts, where both pupils and teachers are able to use their whole language repertoires to enhance learning and develop multilingual identities
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
”Var i kroppen känns språken liksom?” : Fyra flerspråkiga lärares reflektioner över yngre elevers språkliga identitetskonstruktioner
No full textAlthough an increasing number of pupils and teachers in Swedish primary schools bring languages other than Swedish and English to the classroom, research is lacking about multilingualism in mainstream primary school settings. This article is based on a research project with an ethnographic approach. The project was conducted at two elementary schools with a high proportion of multilingual teachers and pupils and involved in total three classes in second and fourth grades. The study aims to illuminate multilingual teachers’ perspectives on their pupils language identity construction, through language portraits (Busch, 2017, 2018). Data consist of field notes from observations of the multilingual teachers’ modeling of and reflective talks on the research-generated activity (language portraits). In these reflective talks the teachers exhibited good knowledge about their pupils’ language repertoires. They also expressed surprise that some multilingual pupils filled in only one language in the portrait. Other pupils portrayed themselves as monolingual Swedish speakers, but wanted to add for additional languages to their portrait. The teachers’ reflections also comprised complex notions of what languages are, linguistic identity, and multilingualism relating to their own experiences and emotional understanding. This use of language portraits may provide more knowledge about identity constructions as well as showing the complexity of multilingualism.Alltfler lärare och elever i Sveriges grundskolor talar fler språk än endast svenska och engelska. Trots det är flerspråkig användning i skolans tidiga år i svenska klassrum relativt outforskad. Syftet med föreliggande artikel är att med hjälp av så kallade språkporträtt (Busch, 2017, 2018) belysa flerspråkiga grundskollärares reflektioner över sina elevers flerspråkighet och språkliga identitetskonstruktioner. Artikeln baseras på ett forskningsprojekt med en lingvistiskt etnografisk ansats vid två grundskolor med hög andel flerspråkiga elever och lärare, och här specifikt i tre klasser i årskurs 2 och 4. Det empiriska materialet består av fältanteckningar från observation av de flerspråkiga lärarnas modellering av den forskarinitierade aktiviteten (språkporträtt) med uppföljande audioinspelade lärarreflektionssamtal. I lärarnas reflektionssamtal framkom att de hade god kännedom om sina elevers språkliga repertoarer. Det som förvånade lärarna var i huvudsak att en del flerspråkiga elever endast angivit ett språk i sitt språkporträtt, samt att en del elever med svenska som enda modersmål verkar vilja lägga till fler språk till sin repertoar. De flerspråkiga lärarnas reflektioner visar på en känslomässig förståelse utifrån sina erfarenheter i relation till den egna flerspråkigheten. Den här specifika användningen av språkporträtt kan ge ökad kunskap om (fler)språkiga identitetskonstruktioner, samtidigt som de kan visa på komplexitet avseende flerspråkighet
”Var i kroppen känns språken liksom?” [Elektronisk resurs] : Fyra flerspråkiga lärares reflektioner över yngre elevers språkliga identitetskonstruktioner
No full textAlthough an increasing number of pupils and teachers in Swedish primary schools bring languages other than Swedish and English to the classroom, research is lacking about multilingualism in mainstream primary school settings. This article is based on a research project with an ethnographic approach. The project was conducted at two elementary schools with a high proportion of multilingual teachers and pupils and involved in total three classes in second and fourth grades. The study aims to illuminate multilingual teachers’ perspectives on their pupils language identity construction, through language portraits (Busch, 2017, 2018). Data consist of field notes from observations of the multilingual teachers’ modeling of and reflective talks on the research-generated activity (language portraits). In these reflective talks the teachers exhibited good knowledge about their pupils’ language repertoires. They also expressed surprise that some multilingual pupils filled in only one language in the portrait. Other pupils portrayed themselves as monolingual Swedish speakers, but wanted to add for additional languages to their portrait. The teachers’ reflections also comprised complex notions of what languages are, linguistic identity, and multilingualism relating to their own experiences and emotional understanding. This use of language portraits may provide more knowledge about identity constructions as well as showing the complexity of multilingualism.Alltfler lärare och elever i Sveriges grundskolor talar fler språk än endast svenska och engelska. Trots det är flerspråkig användning i skolans tidiga år i svenska klassrum relativt outforskad. Syftet med föreliggande artikel är att med hjälp av så kallade språkporträtt (Busch, 2017, 2018) belysa flerspråkiga grundskollärares reflektioner över sina elevers flerspråkighet och språkliga identitetskonstruktioner. Artikeln baseras på ett forskningsprojekt med en lingvistiskt etnografisk ansats vid två grundskolor med hög andel flerspråkiga elever och lärare, och här specifikt i tre klasser i årskurs 2 och 4. Det empiriska materialet består av fältanteckningar från observation av de flerspråkiga lärarnas modellering av den forskarinitierade aktiviteten (språkporträtt) med uppföljande audioinspelade lärarreflektionssamtal. I lärarnas reflektionssamtal framkom att de hade god kännedom om sina elevers språkliga repertoarer. Det som förvånade lärarna var i huvudsak att en del flerspråkiga elever endast angivit ett språk i sitt språkporträtt, samt att en del elever med svenska som enda modersmål verkar vilja lägga till fler språk till sin repertoar. De flerspråkiga lärarnas reflektioner visar på en känslomässig förståelse utifrån sina erfarenheter i relation till den egna flerspråkigheten. Den här specifika användningen av språkporträtt kan ge ökad kunskap om (fler)språkiga identitetskonstruktioner, samtidigt som de kan visa på komplexitet avseende flerspråkighet.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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