1,721,001 research outputs found
Funded mini-project: An investigation into the learning styles of the University of Southampton Medical School entrants and outcomes of their first year Primary BM exams. Final report
No full textThe learning experience is a phenomenon that has sought much interest and investigation, in particular the ability to categorise learners according to their learning style preference. This project set out to investigate relationships between learning styles on entrance to medical school, the learning style of ‘reflector’ (40.37%) being dominant. There is also a correlation between previous institution and learning style, with sixth form students having a higher percentage of ‘activists’. Over 50% of students changed their learning style over the year, with activists becoming the dominant group. Finally, theorists achieved higher results in the end of year exam
Letter to the Editor. In response to Dr. Patel and Professor Moxham "Attitudes of Professional Anatomists to Curricular Change"
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Students' perceptions and approaches to learning anatomy in a system-based course using prosection and dissection
Full text linkA growing body of evidence shows that presynaptic nerve terminals throughout the nervous system are vulnerable to a range of traumatic, toxic and disease-related neurodegenerative stimuli. Using a novel ex vivo model, we have recently shown that α-motor nerve terminals in several mouse muscles are highly susceptible to hypoxia-reperfusion injury. Hypoxia for 2 h (< 0.25% O2) followed by reperfusion for 2 h in lumbrical muscles triggered loss of neurofilament 168 kDa (NF) and synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) protein immunoreactivity in about 83% (n = 28) of presynaptic α-motor nerve terminals. This insult did not appear to affect post-synaptic endplates or muscle fibres. We also established that this loss of α-motor nerve terminal morphology occurs by a mechanism distinct from Wallerian degeneration, as the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wlds) gene did not protect nerve terminals from these pathological changes. We now show that 1A muscle spindle afferents and γ-motor terminals appear to be more resistant to hypoxia-reperfusion injury compared with α-motor nerve terminals. Furthermore, we now demonstrate that significant loss of α-motor nerve terminals in mouse lumbrical muscles occurs in response to hypoxia alone, without reperfusion. A time series analysis shows that loss of NF/SV2 immunoreactivity in α-motor nerve terminals first appears after a 1.5-h hypoxia insult and significant loss appears after 2 h, a 23% (n = 20) and 44% (n = 20) loss, respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that α-motor nerve terminals are highly and selectively vulnerable to hypoxic injury and that pathology is rapidly induced within 1.5 h of hypoxia alone. These findings may have clinical implications for the use of surgical tourniquets and in the aetiology of many neurodegenerative diseases where mechanisms relating to hypoxia and hypoxia-reperfusion injury have been implicated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Blending the virtual and physical teaching environment: the potential role of the anatomy e-booklet
No full textLearning outcomes (LO) have become relevant to educational policies and are vital to the design and development of educational content. They could be seen as what students should know at the end of their learning activities. They are therefore needed in designing computerized content for anatomy education. An initial review of literature related to the development of Computerized Anatomy Educational Tools (CAET) provided little evidence to show that these outcomes were used to inform their design.Designers of interactive computer systems have, for two decades, relied on User Centered Design (UCD) methodology in creating effective and efficient systems. UCD primarily involves placing the user and their task at the center of the design process. This is in line with the current student-centered and outcome-based approach in education policy. Our analysis of UCD showed that Learning Outcomes could be represented using task analysis method. Task analysis involves the study of what users or learners are required to do in order to achieve a task. It enables the designer understand the information flow in an electronic tool, which is necessary in developing appropriate system features and functions. Thus LO could be used to inform the design of learning tools.We applied task analysis in creating a CAET. Learning Outcomes were acquired mainly from two accepted curricula and were broken down into individual tasks that the users needed to accomplish. A flowchart mapping individual functions was developed and used as a guide in making design decisions. This process resulted in a novel interface and interaction design with notable benefits during and after the tool's development. The LO guided the design process and the choice of functions, particularly during the brainstorming phase. This process ensured that the information represented in the CAET was not just transcribed from a non-electronic medium (print), but was designed to suit the new electronic medium and avoid the constraints present in printed materials. We therefore propose that LO could be viewed not only as a means of testing the competencies of learners but also to determine the suitability of the design of various educational tools, especially CAET
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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